Addressing Nocturnal Sleep/Wake Effects on Risk of Suicide in Older Adults

NCT ID: NCT04986007

Last Updated: 2025-08-06

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: TERMINATED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 23 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2021-09-01
• Study Completion Date: 2025-07-22

Brief Summary

Suicide is a leading cause of death in the US, and insomnia is a risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. In older adults, suicide is associated with impaired cognitive functioning, and insomnia, which is more prevalent in older adults, is also linked to disrupted cognition. However, there is limited evidence on whether treatment of insomnia can improve suicidal ideation (with or without improving cognition), and no evidence specifically in older adults. Additionally, no studies have investigated digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (dCBT-I) in this populations. Consequently, this study will help inform future study designs and provide preliminary data on whether dCBT-I is effective for suicidal thinking in older adults.

Detailed Description

The primary goal of this pilot trial is to establish the feasibility and preliminary safety of implementing dCBT-I in older adults with insomnia and suicidal ideation. Secondary goals include estimating the potential efficacy and durability of dCBT-I for insomnia and suicidal ideation in this population, as well as evaluating neurocognitive functioning as a mediator/moderator of treatment response. To accomplish this, individuals 65 and older with insomnia and recent suicidal ideation will be recruited to either 12 weeks of treatment (dCBT-I) or waitlist control (WLC). After completion of dCBT-I, individuals in WLC will crossover to dCBT-I (WLC + dCBT-I). All participants will be re-evaluated at 6- and 12-months post-treatment.

The primary aims for this project are as follows:

Aim 1: Evaluate whether dCBT-I is a feasible intervention for older adults with insomnia and suicidal ideation. This will be assessed by subject participation and adherence to dCBT-I, evaluation of technological or cognitive barriers to accessing treatment, and by recruitment and dropout outcomes.

Aim 2: Investigate whether dCBT-I is safe for older adults with suicidal ideation. This will be measured by comparing post-treatment insomnia, depression, anxiety, and cognitive outcomes and spontaneous adverse event reports between dCBT-I and WLC, as well as post-treatment responses to the Side Effect Rating Scale - Patient Self Report (SERS-Pat) form.

The secondary aims for this project are as follows:

Aim 3: Explore whether dCBT-I can reduce suicidal ideation in older adults. While the investigators anticipate that dCBT-I will reduce suicidal ideation in older adults with insomnia, gathering preliminary data for effect size estimates will allow us to appropriately power future studies. Suicidal ideation will be measured pre-/post-treatment using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS) as well as weekly throughout treatment using self-report ratings of suicidal ideation severity. Comparisons will be dCBT-I vs. WLC (between groups) and WLC vs. WLC + dCBT-I (within group) using linear mixed-effects or generalized estimating equations models.

Aim 4: Assess the durability of dCBT-I treatment on suicidal ideation in older adults. Based on follow-up assessments at 6- and 12-months, the investigators will assess the potential duration of sustained improvement in suicidal ideation following dCBT-I in older adults, and how this is related to concurrent sleep continuity and quality.

Aim 5: Investigate whether changes in sleep and suicidal ideation during dCBT-I are associated with changes in neurocognition. Neurocognitive functioning will be formally assessed pre- and post-treatment using the NeuroCognitive Performance Test, a web-based neuropsychological assessment. Additionally, weekly assessment of response inhibition will occur using the Color Match task implemented as part of the same system.

Conditions

Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Suicidal Ideation

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia

Following baseline evaluation, participants in this group will receive 8 weeks of digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia delivered using Sleep Healthy Using the Internet (SHUTi). After the interim assessment, participants will then crossover to 8 weeks of active monitoring.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia is an automated, internet-based delivery system for the core components of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). For this trial, dCBT-I will be delivered using Sleep Healthy Using the Internet (SHUTi), which delivers the core content of CBT-I in 6 interactive lessons called Cores: Getting Ready; Sleep Scheduling; Sleep Practices; Thinking Differently; Sleep Hygiene; and Moving On. The primary therapeutic approaches deployed through these cores are stimulus control and sleep restriction. The minimum acceptable dose for this study is completion of 4 out of 6 cores; completion of fewer than 4 cores will be considered a dropout.

Waitlist Control

Following baseline evaluation, participants in this group will undergo weekly monitoring of insomnia and suicidal ideation for 8 weeks. Participants will continue whatever treatments they are currently receiving, but will receive no specific instructions or behavioral interventions for insomnia. After the interim assessment, participants will then crossover to receive digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia.

Group Type: NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia

Digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia is an automated, internet-based delivery system for the core components of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). For this trial, dCBT-I will be delivered using Sleep Healthy Using the Internet (SHUTi), which delivers the core content of CBT-I in 6 interactive lessons called Cores: Getting Ready; Sleep Scheduling; Sleep Practices; Thinking Differently; Sleep Hygiene; and Moving On. The primary therapeutic approaches deployed through these cores are stimulus control and sleep restriction. The minimum acceptable dose for this study is completion of 4 out of 6 cores; completion of fewer than 4 cores will be considered a dropout.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Other Intervention Names

dCBT-I; SHUTi; Sleep Health Using the Internet

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Individuals 55 and older
• English speaking
• Male or female
• Current insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index score ≥ 8 during the baseline period).
• Recent suicidal ideation (endorsement of Items 1 or 2 of the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale - Suicidal Ideation subscale within the past month).
• All participants must consent to a release of information between the research team and their treatment provider (either their prescribing psychiatrist, their masters-level non-trainee therapist, or their doctoral-level psychologist).

Exclusion Criteria

• Diagnosis of bipolar disorder, any psychotic disorder, or other serious mental illness deemed a contraindication for dCBT-I.
• If a subject is taking psychotropic medication(s) (e.g., antidepressants, hypnotics), they should not have changed the dose within the past 6 weeks and should agree to not change the dose during the trial.
• If a subject is not taking psychotropic medication(s), they should be medication free for at least 6 weeks and should agree to not start a new medication for the duration of the trial.
• Suspicion or evidence of untreated sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, or other untreated sleep disorder requiring treatment by a physician.
• Uncontrolled or unstable chronic medical conditions
• Life expectancy of less than 1 year as determined by record review and intake interview.
• Cognitive impairment sufficient to impair delivery or retention of dCBT-I as indicated by the Short Blessed Test.
• Are currently or are planning to work evening/overnight shifts.
• Lack of access to internet or technology necessary to engage in digital therapy.
• Participants who have been hospitalized for a suicide attempt or severe suicidal ideation, or who endorse any intent to commit suicide in the last 3 months must receive assent/approval from their treatment provider to participate, in addition to providing a release of information for the research team to communicate with the treatment team.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 55 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

University of Pennsylvania

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

MICHAEL A GRANDNER

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

MICHAEL A GRANDNER

Associate Professor of Psychiatry

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Michael A Grandner, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Arizona

Locations

Banner Whole Health Clinic

Tucson, Arizona, United States

Countries

United States

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