Effect Of Distraction Methods On Procedure-Related Fear, Anxiety, And Pain During Intramuscular Injection

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

30 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-01-30

Study Completion Date

2022-12-30

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

Buzzy, shot-blocker, distraction cards, and balloon blowing can reduce fear and pain during the intramuscular intervention in the pediatric emergency service unit. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of virtual reality, manual pressure vibration technique, and cold vibration device application on procedure-related pain, fear, and anxiety during intramuscular antibiotics in children aged 5-12 years in the pediatric emergency department.

Related Clinical Trials

Explore similar clinical trials based on study characteristics and research focus.

Nonpharmacological Methods for Children in Procedural Pain

NCT04421430

Procedural Pain Procedural Anxiety

COMPLETED NA

Distraction on Procedure-Related Emotional Appearance, Pain, Fear, and Anxiety During Phlebotomy in Children

NCT05818761

Pain, Acute Fear Anxiety State

COMPLETED NA

Effects of Virtual Reality, External Cold and Vibration to Children During IM Injection on Pain, Fear and Anxiety

NCT05434832

Procedural Pain Fear Procedural Anxiety +1 more

UNKNOWN NA

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Active Distraction Techniques During Venipuncture in Children

NCT07249723

Nursing Care Pain Management Anxiety +1 more

COMPLETED NA

EFFECT OF DISTRACTION METHODS ON PAIN AND ANXIETY DURING INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION IN CHILDREN

NCT06011668

Pain, Acute Anxiety and Fear

COMPLETED NA

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

Study Hypothesis The pain, fear, and anxiety scores of the children who watch videos with virtual reality glasses during the intramuscular intervention are lower than the other groups.

The pain, fear, and anxiety scores of children who were applied manual pressure vibration technique during the intramuscular intervention are lower than the other groups.

The pain, fear, and anxiety scores of the children who were applied cold vibration (Buzzy) during the intramuscular intervention were lower than the other groups.

The emotional appearance scores of the children in groups before the procedure affect the pain, fear, and anxiety they experience.

The group with children affects the vital signs before and after the distraction technique.

Methods Study Design and Sample It was planned to include children between the ages of 5-12 who will be administered intramuscular antibiotics in the Dokuz Eylül University Pediatric Emergency Service. It is planned to include patients selected by the stratified randomization method in accordance with the sampling criteria.

Randomization Children will allocate by the stratified randomization; gender, age, and antibiotics type. Randomization was performed with a computerized random-number generator.

Socio-Demographic Data Collection and Procedure Follow-up Form: It includes "age, gender, the reason for admitting to the emergency unit, the last painful intervention and date, the name of the antibiotic administered, and the accompanying parent". At the same time, the duration and vital signs of the interventions applied to the child will be recorded.

Wong-Baker FACES (WBS) Pain Rating Scale. This scale uses in children aged 3 and older to rate pain severity, ranges from 0 (very happy/no pain) to 10 (hurts worst).

The Child Fear Scale (CFS). The Child Fear Scale will use.This one-item scale measures procedure-related fear in children, consists of five sex-neutral faces, ranges from 0 (no fear) to extreme fear. This rating scale ranges from 0 to 4. It ranges from a no fear (neutral) face (0) on the far left to a face showing extreme fear on the far right. Higher scores mean a worse outcome. The rater response indicates the level of fear. It can be used during the procedure for children aged 5-10 years.

The Children's Anxiety Meter (CAM-S). The Children's Anxiety Meter assesses children's anxiety and uses before medical procedures. This scale is drawn like a thermometer with a bulb at the bottom and also includes horizontal lines at intervals going up to the top (0-10). This scale ranges from 0 to 10. Higher values represent higher anxiety.

Emotional Appearance Scale for Children: This scale allows direct behavioral observation, consists of 5 different behavioral categories; 'Facial Expression', 'Speaking', 'Activity', 'Interaction' and 'Cooperation Level'.

Scale scoring is done by reviewing the descriptions of behavior in each category and selecting the numerical value that most represents the observed behavior. Each category is scored from 1 to 5. The total score is made so that the numerical value is between 5-25 by adding the points obtained for each category. Higher scale score indicates the appearance of more negative emotional behaviors.

Data collection process Each patient included in the study will be taken to the bed where the intervention will be made and monitored, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure will be measured. The child will be evaluated by the nurse before the procedure with the Emotional Appearance Scale for Children (0. Min).

In the virtual glasses group, the video will be started by wearing virtual glasses.

The manual pressure vibration technique will be applied for 15 seconds. In the cold vibration group, Arı Buzzy will be connected 5 cm above the IM intervention area and applied for 15 seconds.

The hour/minute applied by the IM intervention will be recorded. When he enters the vascular access, he will give information to the child by saying "now it will be over, I am pressing it with cotton". The patient's pulse, respiration, blood pressure will be measured again (minutes will be recorded). Pulse, respiration, and blood pressure will be re-evaluated at the 5th minute of the beginning of the procedure. At the 5th minute of the procedure, the child will be asked to evaluate the most painful moment he feels during the procedure with the Facial Expressions Rating Scale. The child will be given the Child Fear Scale (CAS) and the Child Anxiety Scale-Statefulness (CAS-D) to evaluate how anxious and afraid he or she is during the procedure. You will be asked to mark it with a pencil.

Ethics Ethical approval was received from the Non-Invasive Clinical Studies Ethics Committee of the University where the research was conducted (5856GOA 2021). The researcher informed about the aim of the study and obtained written consent forms from children and parents.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Pain Fear Anxiety Child, Only

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Caregivers Investigators

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Virtual Reality Group

watching the application by wearing virtual glasses to the child during the intramuscular injection

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

distraction methods

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

distraction methods

Manual Pressure Vibration Technique Group

Application of manual pressure vibration technique to the area where the intervention will be made

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

distraction methods

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

distraction methods

Cold Vibration Group

Buzzy, connecting and operating 5 cm above the area to be injected

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

distraction methods

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

distraction methods

Control Group

Standart care

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

distraction methods

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* Children are between the ages of 5-12
* Intramuscular antibiotics (penicillin, ceftriaxone, amikacin etc.) to be administered
* The intervention will be applied from the gluteal region
* The child agrees to voluntarily participate in the study.
* Parents agree to voluntarily participate in the study
* Obtaining consent form from the child and parent

Exclusion Criteria

* child with a physical and psychological deficit to prevent him from wearing the glasses to be worn on his head so that he can watch virtual reality.
* child with sedative or analgesic medication.
* child with a neurodegenerative disease, mental retardation, vision and hearing problems, chronic, life-threatening (sepsis, shock, respiratory / cardiac arrest) or genetic disease

Minimum Eligible Age

5 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

12 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes