PReclude Infection EVEnts With No Prophylaxis Transperineal Biopsy 2

NCT ID: NCT04815876

Last Updated: 2025-08-03

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

1302 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-06-24

Study Completion Date

2026-02-01

Brief Summary

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Approximately one million transrectal prostate biopsies are performed annually in the U.S., and the risk of post- biopsy infection is increasing due to greater antibiotic resistance of rectal flora. Preliminary data demonstrates that a transperineal MRI-targeted biopsy approach under local anesthesia compared to the standard practice transrectal MRI-targeted prostate biopsy has a much lower risk of infection, comparable pain/discomfort and may improve detection of prostate cancer.

This randomized controlled trial will be the first prospective study to evaluate in-office transperineal MRI targeted prostate biopsy.

The investigators hypothesize that a transperineal MRI-targeted biopsy approach under local anesthesia compared to the standard practice transrectal MRI-targeted prostate biopsy has a much lower risk of infection, comparable pain/discomfort and may improve detection of prostate cancer.

Detailed Description

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Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in U.S. men. There are approximately 1 million prostate biopsy performed annually in the U.S. Almost all biopsies are performed as an office based procedure in under 15 minutes. The precision of biopsy has improved over the last decade with the introduction of MRI guidance/targeting of suspicious lesions within the prostate.

However, significant limitations remain with this approach, including a significantly increasing risk of post-biopsy infection. This arises because more than 97% of all prostate biopsy are performed via a transrectal approach that introduces rectal bacteria with each pass of the biopsy needle into the sterile urinary tract. The current risk of post-transrectal biopsy infection, even with antimicrobial prophylaxis, is high at approximately 7% overall with 3% (30,000 men) requiring hospitalization annually.

Transperineal biopsy is an alternate approach that eliminates the direct introduction of bacteria from the rectum to the prostate. This approach, which is performed without antimicrobial prophylaxis, instead passes the biopsy needle through the perineal skin and pelvic floor.

Transperineal biopsy has not been widely adopted for several reasons. Historically, it has been considered too painful for patients in the clinic and thus was traditionally performed under general anesthesia. The added time, inconvenience and cost has limited its national adoptance. Second, when transrectal biopsy was initially adopted over 40 years ago, antibiotic resistance of rectal flora was not a challenge.

Beyond the potential for in-office transperineal biopsy to significantly reduce or eliminate biopsy infections, transperineal biopsy may also improve cancer detection: studies of transperineal biopsy (performed under general anesthesia) demonstrate higher detection rates for prostate cancer, particularly for anterior zone tumors, compared to transrectal biopsy. This is notable, as anterior tumors are difficult to sample with transrectal. Anterior tumors are also twice as likely to occur in African American men. In fact, our research demonstrates that some of the outcomes disparities in African American men may stem from an underdiagnosis of anterior prostate cancers.

Although transrectal biopsy is used widely, it is associated with a significant and increasing risk of biopsy infections due to growing antibiotic resistance, highlighting the urgent need for a safer alternative approach to prostate biopsy. The study investigators have refined a transperineal approach under local anesthesia with MRI-targeting/guidance without the need for antibiotic prophylaxis. The investigators hypothesize that transperineal MRI targeted biopsy will: (1) largely eliminate post-biopsy infections and costly hospitalizations for urosepsis; (2) be performed in the office with similar discomfort and non-infectious complications compared to transrectal MRI targeted biopsy; and (3) have significantly better detection of prostate cancer.

This multi-center randomized controlled trial will be conducted to evaluate in-office transperineal MRI targeted vs. transrectal MRI targeted biopsy, the current gold standard. This has transformative impact to change current standard of practice.

Conditions

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Infection

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Men enrolled in this prospective, randomized trial will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either transperineal MRI-targeted or transrectal MRI-targeted prostate biopsy.
Primary Study Purpose

DIAGNOSTIC

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors
Radiologists assessing MRI results are blinded to treatment assignment. Pathologists assessing biopsy results are blinded to treatment assignment.

Study Groups

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Transrectal

Patients will receive a transrectal MRI-guided prostate biopsy.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Transrectal MRI-guided prostate biopsy

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Transrectal prostate biopsy is currently the most popular approach to evaluate a positive screening test for prostate cancer.

Antibiotic (prophylaxis)

Intervention Type DRUG

For men undergoing transrectal biopsy, antibiotic prophylaxis will be administered in accordance with guidelines from the American Urological Association (AUA).

No antibiotic prophylaxis will be administered for men undergoing transperineal biopsy.

Transperineal

Patients will receive a transperineal MRI-guided prostate biopsy.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Transperineal MRI-guided prostate biopsy

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Transperineal prostate biopsy will be performed under local anesthesia in the office. This approach avoids transrectal needle tracking.

Interventions

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Transperineal MRI-guided prostate biopsy

Transperineal prostate biopsy will be performed under local anesthesia in the office. This approach avoids transrectal needle tracking.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Transrectal MRI-guided prostate biopsy

Transrectal prostate biopsy is currently the most popular approach to evaluate a positive screening test for prostate cancer.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Antibiotic (prophylaxis)

For men undergoing transrectal biopsy, antibiotic prophylaxis will be administered in accordance with guidelines from the American Urological Association (AUA).

No antibiotic prophylaxis will be administered for men undergoing transperineal biopsy.

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Active surveillance cohort: History of Grade Group 1 prostate cancer, first diagnosed ≤24 months prior to date of planned confirmatory biopsy and diagnostic biopsy was preceded by a multiparametric MRI of the prostate
* Prior negative cohort: Clinical concern for the presence of prostate cancer as determined by the treating urologist and prior negative prostate biopsy performed ≤36 months prior to date of planned biopsy
* Willingness to sign informed consent and adhere to the study protocol

Exclusion Criteria

* Acute prostatitis within the last 6 months
* Current non-urologic bacterial infection requiring active treatment with antibiotics
* Unfit to undergo prostate biopsy under local anesthesia
* Prior definitive therapy for prostate cancer, such as radiation therapy or partial gland ablation
* Contraindication to prostate MRI (claustrophobia, pacemaker, chronic kidney disease)
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

MALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Weill Medical College of Cornell University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Jim C Hu, MD MPH

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian

Locations

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University of Southern California

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

University of Connecticut

Farmington, Connecticut, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Georgetown University

Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Brigham and Women's Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

NewYork-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital

Brooklyn, New York, United States

Site Status COMPLETED

NewYork-Presbyterian Queens

Flushing, New York, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

New York, New York, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center

Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Einstein Healthcare Network

Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Fox Chase Cancer Center

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United States

Central Contacts

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Dianis Rivera, BS

Role: CONTACT

212.746.1496

Xiaohong Jing, PhD

Role: CONTACT

212-746-4739

Facility Contacts

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Andre Abreu

Role: primary

Katarzyna Nastri

Role: primary

Keith Kowalczyk, MD

Role: primary

Margarita "Sachi" Mana-ay, MSN, MPH

Role: primary

312-695-8146

Rana Harb, MS

Role: primary

410-502-5500

Quoc-Dien Trinh

Role: primary

Peter Chang

Role: primary

Sharada Lanka, MS

Role: primary

Jeffrey S Montgomery, MD

Role: backup

734-647-8903

Danielle Hayden

Role: primary

646-962-9343

Marlena McGill

Role: primary

646-227-2231

Marc Bjurlin

Role: primary

Rosemary Brewka, MS

Role: primary

Serge Ginzburg, MD

Role: primary

(215)-663-6067

Benjamin Schurhamer

Role: primary

Victoria Sabella

Role: primary

215-728-3122

References

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Kaplan-Marans E, Zhang TR, Hu JC. Differing Recommendations on Prostate Biopsy Approach to Minimize Infections: An Examination of the European Association of Urology and American Urological Association Guidelines. Eur Urol. 2023 Nov;84(5):445-446. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.05.036. Epub 2023 Jun 7.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 37296040 (View on PubMed)

Hu J, Zhu A, Vickers A, Allaf ME, Ehdaie B, Schaeffer A, Pavlovich C, Ross AE, Green DA, Wang G, Ginzburg S, Montgomery JS, George A, Graham JN, Ristau BT, Correa A, Shoag JE, Kowalczyk KJ, Zhang TR, Schaeffer EM. Protocol of a multicentre randomised controlled trial assessing transperineal prostate biopsy to reduce infectiouscomplications. BMJ Open. 2023 May 19;13(5):e071191. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071191.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 37208135 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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CER-2019C2-17372

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

18-02-365-PCORI

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

21-03023431

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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