Prostate Biopsy, Transrectal vs. Transperineal: Efficacy and Complications

NCT ID: NCT04081636

Last Updated: 2025-12-23

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

840 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-09-02

Study Completion Date

2024-12-31

Brief Summary

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This study evaluates the difference between 2 prostate biopsy methods, transrectal (through the rectal wall) and transperineal (through the skin) needle biopsy.

Men who are in need of prostate biopsy due to clinical suspicions of prostate cancer will be randomly assigned (1:1) to either transrectal or transperineal approach.

This research study will scientifically determine if one biopsy method is better than the other in reducing complications and improving cancer detection.

Detailed Description

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There are two ways to take biopsy (tissue) samples from the prostate. The more commonly used method is trans-rectal needle biopsy of the prostate (TR-Bx) with a needle inserted through a probe in the rectum to reach the prostate.

TR-Bx is usually performed in the office, using local anesthesia, and often using a targeted biopsy approach using MRI/ultrasound fusion technique.

Trans-perineal biopsy (TP-Bx) with a needle inserted directly through the skin to reach the prostate.

Typically, TP-BX is performed in the outpatient surgical setting due significant pain associated with the procedure, requiring the use anesthesia and/or sedation.

TP-Bx. procedure is very uncommon in the USA and is often performed using ultrasound alone (less accurate), without the benefit of MRI guided targeted biopsy.

Now, with the availability of new devices, we are able to perform both TR-Bx and TP-Bx using MRI/ultrasound fusion guided targeted approach, in the office setting, using local anesthesia alone.

With the TR-Bx, there has been increasing risk of infection related complications, sepsis and hospital admissions.

The newer approach of biopsy TP-Bx may cause fewer infections and may have a higher accuracy of finding cancer.

Using validated questionnaires such as IIEF-6, IPSS and TRUS-BxQ, this randomized study of TR-BX and TP-Bx will address these questions:

* Differences in the risk of infectious complications
* Differences in the overall cancer detection rate and the high-grade cancer detection rate
* Differences in the hemorrhagic and urinary side effects
* Tolerability of both techniques with local anesthesia alone
* Difference in the results of of MRI/US fusion targeted biopsy
* Differences in the cost of the procedures

Conditions

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Prostate Cancer PSA Infection

Keywords

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Prostate biopsy PSA infection bleeding

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Randomized 1:1 to either trans-rectal needle biopsy (TR-Bx) or Trans-perineal biopsy (TP-Bx) of the prostate.

Both arms, either with or without MRI guided biopsy
Primary Study Purpose

DIAGNOSTIC

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Systematic Transrectal biopsy (TR-Bx)

Ultrasound guided; needle inserted through the rectum to reach the prostate

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Systematic Transrectal biopsy (TR-Bx)

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Through the rectum

Targeted Transrectal biopsy (TR-Bx)

MRI-guided; needle inserted through the rectum to reach the prostate

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Targeted Transrectal biopsy (TR-Bx)

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Through the rectum

Systematic Transperineal biopsy (TP-Bx)

Ultrasound guided; needle inserted directly through the skin to reach the prostate

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Systematic Transperineal biopsy (TP-Bx)

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Through the perineal skin

Targeted Transperineal biopsy (TP-Bx)

MRI-guided; needle inserted directly through the skin to reach the prostate

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Targeted Transperineal biopsy (TP-Bx)

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Through the perineal skin

Interventions

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Systematic Transrectal biopsy (TR-Bx)

Through the rectum

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Targeted Transrectal biopsy (TR-Bx)

Through the rectum

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Systematic Transperineal biopsy (TP-Bx)

Through the perineal skin

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Targeted Transperineal biopsy (TP-Bx)

Through the perineal skin

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Other Intervention Names

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ultrasound guided MRI guided ultrasound guided MRI guided

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* All patients who are scheduled to undergo prostate biopsy for suspected prostate cancer as part of their regular medical care
* Either with or without an MRI

Exclusion Criteria

* Patients with no access to rectum (due to previous rectal surgery)
* Any abnormalities of the perineal skin (e.g. infection)
* Patients whose procedure requires sedation or general anesthesia
Eligible Sex

MALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Albany Medical College

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Badar M. Mian

Professor of Surgery

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Badar M Mian, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Albany Medical College

Locations

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Albany Medical College

Albany, New York, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Choi YH, Kang MY, Sung HH, Jeon HG, Chang Jeong B, Seo SI, Jeon SS, Kim CK, Park BK, Lee HM. Comparison of Cancer Detection Rates Between TRUS-Guided Biopsy and MRI-Targeted Biopsy According to PSA Level in Biopsy-Naive Patients: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2019 Feb;17(1):e19-e25. doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2018.09.007. Epub 2018 Sep 13.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30415878 (View on PubMed)

Kasivisvanathan V, Rannikko AS, Borghi M, Panebianco V, Mynderse LA, Vaarala MH, Briganti A, Budaus L, Hellawell G, Hindley RG, Roobol MJ, Eggener S, Ghei M, Villers A, Bladou F, Villeirs GM, Virdi J, Boxler S, Robert G, Singh PB, Venderink W, Hadaschik BA, Ruffion A, Hu JC, Margolis D, Crouzet S, Klotz L, Taneja SS, Pinto P, Gill I, Allen C, Giganti F, Freeman A, Morris S, Punwani S, Williams NR, Brew-Graves C, Deeks J, Takwoingi Y, Emberton M, Moore CM; PRECISION Study Group Collaborators. MRI-Targeted or Standard Biopsy for Prostate-Cancer Diagnosis. N Engl J Med. 2018 May 10;378(19):1767-1777. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1801993. Epub 2018 Mar 18.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29552975 (View on PubMed)

Moldovan PC, Van den Broeck T, Sylvester R, Marconi L, Bellmunt J, van den Bergh RCN, Bolla M, Briers E, Cumberbatch MG, Fossati N, Gross T, Henry AM, Joniau S, van der Kwast TH, Matveev VB, van der Poel HG, De Santis M, Schoots IG, Wiegel T, Yuan CY, Cornford P, Mottet N, Lam TB, Rouviere O. What Is the Negative Predictive Value of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Excluding Prostate Cancer at Biopsy? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis from the European Association of Urology Prostate Cancer Guidelines Panel. Eur Urol. 2017 Aug;72(2):250-266. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.02.026. Epub 2017 Mar 21.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28336078 (View on PubMed)

Wu YP, Li XD, Ke ZB, Chen SH, Chen PZ, Wei Y, Huang JB, Sun XL, Xue XY, Zheng QS, Xu N. Risk factors for infectious complications following transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. Infect Drug Resist. 2018 Sep 17;11:1491-1497. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S171162. eCollection 2018.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30271182 (View on PubMed)

Borghesi M, Ahmed H, Nam R, Schaeffer E, Schiavina R, Taneja S, Weidner W, Loeb S. Complications After Systematic, Random, and Image-guided Prostate Biopsy. Eur Urol. 2017 Mar;71(3):353-365. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.08.004. Epub 2016 Aug 17.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27543165 (View on PubMed)

Liss MA, Ehdaie B, Loeb S, Meng MV, Raman JD, Spears V, Stroup SP. An Update of the American Urological Association White Paper on the Prevention and Treatment of the More Common Complications Related to Prostate Biopsy. J Urol. 2017 Aug;198(2):329-334. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2017.01.103. Epub 2017 Mar 29.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28363690 (View on PubMed)

Saade EA, Suwantarat N, Zabarsky TF, Wilson B, Donskey CJ. Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli Infections After Transrectal Biopsy of the Prostate in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. Pathog Immun. 2016;1(2):243-257. doi: 10.20411/pai.v1i2.123.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27774521 (View on PubMed)

Xiang J, Yan H, Li J, Wang X, Chen H, Zheng X. Transperineal versus transrectal prostate biopsy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol. 2019 Feb 13;17(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s12957-019-1573-0.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30760274 (View on PubMed)

Skouteris VM, Crawford ED, Mouraviev V, Arangua P, Metsinis MP, Skouteris M, Zacharopoulos G, Stone NN. Transrectal Ultrasound-guided Versus Transperineal Mapping Prostate Biopsy: Complication Comparison. Rev Urol. 2018;20(1):19-25. doi: 10.3909/riu0785.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29942197 (View on PubMed)

Roberts MJ, Bennett HY, Harris PN, Holmes M, Grummet J, Naber K, Wagenlehner FME. Prostate Biopsy-related Infection: A Systematic Review of Risk Factors, Prevention Strategies, and Management Approaches. Urology. 2017 Jun;104:11-21. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.12.011. Epub 2016 Dec 19.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28007492 (View on PubMed)

Altok M, Kim B, Patel BB, Shih YT, Ward JF, McRae SE, Chapin BF, Pisters LL, Pettaway CA, Kim J, Demirel HC, Davis JW. Cost and efficacy comparison of five prostate biopsy modalities: a platform for integrating cost into novel-platform comparative research. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2018 Nov;21(4):524-532. doi: 10.1038/s41391-018-0056-7. Epub 2018 Jul 9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29988098 (View on PubMed)

Stefanova V, Buckley R, Flax S, Spevack L, Hajek D, Tunis A, Lai E, Loblaw A; Collaborators. Transperineal Prostate Biopsies Using Local Anesthesia: Experience with 1,287 Patients. Prostate Cancer Detection Rate, Complications and Patient Tolerability. J Urol. 2019 Jun;201(6):1121-1126. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000000156.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30835607 (View on PubMed)

Meyer AR, Joice GA, Schwen ZR, Partin AW, Allaf ME, Gorin MA. Initial Experience Performing In-office Ultrasound-guided Transperineal Prostate Biopsy Under Local Anesthesia Using the PrecisionPoint Transperineal Access System. Urology. 2018 May;115:8-13. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2018.01.021. Epub 2018 Feb 1.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29409845 (View on PubMed)

Mian BM, Feustel PJ, Aziz A, Kaufman RP Jr, Bernstein A, Fisher HAG. Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer Detection Following Transrectal and Transperineal Biopsy: Results of the Prostate Biopsy Efficacy and Complications Randomized Clinical Trial. J Urol. 2024 Jul;212(1):21-31. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000003979. Epub 2024 May 3.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 38700844 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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5479

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id