High Concentration Oxygen for Pneumocephalus After Evacuation of Chronic Subdural Haematoma

NCT ID: NCT04725851

Last Updated: 2022-07-28

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

36 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2022-07-26

Study Completion Date

2024-12-31

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

Normobaric oxygen therapy was shown to be effective in reducing post craniotomy pneumocephalus. Theoretical assessment of normobaric oxygen therapy in treating pneumocephalus has shown that a higher level of oxygen concentration will significantly decrease the time for absorption of pneumocephalus. The therapeutic efficacy is not fully established in patients with chronic subdural hematoma after burr hole drainage. Both radiological outcomes and clinical outcomes would be evaluated.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is not a benign disease. Morbidity and mortalities were high especially in those with recurrence requiring reoperations. The use of subdural drain after burr hole drainage is an excellent example demonstrating that by reducing CSDH recurrence, a significant improvement in functional outcomes can be observed.

Pneumocephalus is very common after burr hole drainage for CSDH. The use of high-flow oxygen had been reported to be effective in small case series, showing effectiveness in clinical and radiological outcomes. However, no large, prospective, controlled trial has been conducted to establish the efficacy of oxygen therapy on functional outcomes for patients with pneumocephalus after burr hole drainage in CSDH.

Bilateral CSDH has a different prognosis and is associated with a poorer outcome.

In addition to treating pneumocephalus, the use of perioperative oxygen has been suggested to minimize tissue hypoxemia and infection. In a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine, the use of perioperative supplementary oxygen was shown to reduce surgical site infection.

Hyperoxia with oxygen therapy has shown to be safe with minimal changes to the cerebral blood flow (CBF) from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Research Questions

1. Does post-operative high-flow oxygen improve pneumocephalus in terms of volume reduction in CSDH patients after burr-hole drainage?
2. Does post-operative high-flow oxygen reduce the recurrence rate of CSDH (radiologically) if pneumocephalus volume is reduced after oxygen therapy?
3. Does post-operative high-flow oxygen reduce the recurrence rate of CSDH (clinically), as defined by symptomatic recurrence requiring reoperation, if pneumocephalus volume is reduced after oxygen therapy?
4. Does post-operative high-flow oxygen improve CSDH patients' functional outcome in terms of modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months and 6 months?

Hypothesis Oxygen therapy for CSDH patients with post-operative pneumocephalus will experience significant resorption of intracranial air within 24 hours. There is a reduction in recurrence rate in terms of the re-operation rates. There is an improvement in functional outcome in terms of mRS.

Aim of the Study To evaluate changes in pneumocephalus volume and functional outcome after oxygen therapy in post-operative CSDH patients treated by burr hole drainage, as compared to the standard care by breathing in room air or low concentration oxygen during the post-operative period.

Study Design Prospective randomized 1:1 parallel-arm study

Methods and Randomization Patients will be recruited when they are considered fit for oxygen therapy as determined by the treating clinician. The timing of burr hole evacuation may vary according to the availability of the emergency operative time slot. The index intervention is postoperative oxygen therapy: 100% normobaric oxygen through a nonrebreather mask (NRM) at 12-15 Litre/minute consecutively for 24 hours. Removal of the nonrebreather mask is allowed during meals or other activities such as physiotherapy. The duration of mask removal would be documented. Compliance with NRM is considered to be good if the mask is kept \> 90% of the time during the 24 hours treatment period. The reference intervention is standard post-operative care: the patient would be breathing in normobaric room air. For the reference arm, if the patient has desaturation (i.e. SaO2 \< 93%), supplemental O2 therapy can be given to keep SaO2 \> 93%. Arterial blood gas would be obtained by the clinicians when deemed necessary. If there is a significant deviation from the study protocol occurs, the patients will be analyzed according to their originally assigned groups (intention-to-treat principle).

Non-rebreather masks, when they are tightly applied, are associated with a lower aerosol dispersion distance (as compared to non-invasive positive pressure ventilation or venturi masks).

Interim data analysis would be performed and the study would be terminated if a significant difference in the primary outcome is observed.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Chronic Subdural Hematoma Recurrence Oxycephaly

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

High concentration Oxygen Therapy

12-15 Litre/min O2 delivery via Non-Rebreather Mask (NRM) consecutively for 24 hours.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

High concentration Oxygen therapy

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

FiO2 \>80% Oxygen (Delivered with 12-15L/min Non-rebreather Mask)

Room air or low concentration oxygen

Room air or low concentration oxygen (0-2 Litre/min O2 ) consecutively for 24 hours.

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Control: Room Air or Low concentration Oxygen

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

FiO2 \<30% Oxygen (Delivered with 0-2L/min Nasal Cannula)

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

High concentration Oxygen therapy

FiO2 \>80% Oxygen (Delivered with 12-15L/min Non-rebreather Mask)

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Control: Room Air or Low concentration Oxygen

FiO2 \<30% Oxygen (Delivered with 0-2L/min Nasal Cannula)

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

1. Age greater than or equal to 18 years-old.
2. Presence of chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) as diagnosed radiologically either by computed tomography (CT) brain scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
3. Treatment of CSDH by burr-hole evacuation.
4. Presence of post-operative pneumocephalus, as evidenced from post-operative CT Brain or MRI brain
5. Negative test to SARS-nCoV-2, as evidenced by either deep throat saliva rapid test, deep throat saliva PCR test, nasopharyngeal swab real-time PCR test, or nasopharyngeal swab rapid test within seven days.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Presence of pre-existing respiratory conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and hence not suitable for oxygen therapy.
2. Any pre-existing illness that renders the patient moderately or severely disabled before diagnosis with CSDH, such as a history of central nervous system infection.
3. CSDH arising from secondary causes, such as intracranial hypotension, thrombocytopenia, etc.
4. Any evidence or suspicion that there is communication between the pneumocephalus with the air cells (e.g. such as mastoid air cells) or air sinuses (e.g. frontal sinus).
5. Patients that need an additional procedure e.g. epidural blood patch, etc.
6. Complications arising from the burr-hole operation or subdural drain insertion such as hemorrhage or surgical site infection requiring surgical intervention or deemed to affect the patient's long-term functional outcome.
7. Patients already on long-term steroid for pre-existing medical conditions.
8. Participation in other clinical trials within four weeks upon recruitment.
9. Pregnancy or on breastfeeding.
10. Any other reasons that the researchers consider the patients to be unsuitable.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

Chinese University of Hong Kong

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Dr. David Yuen Chung CHAN

Clinical Assistant Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

David YC Chan, MBBS, FRCS

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Chinese University of Hong Kong

Wai S Poon, MBChB, FRCS

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Chinese University of Hong Kong

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Hong Kong, , Hong Kong

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

Hong Kong

Central Contacts

Reach out to these primary contacts for questions about participation or study logistics.

David YC Chan, MBBS, FRCS

Role: CONTACT

852-35052624

Wai S Poon, MBChB, FRCS

Role: CONTACT

852-35051316

Facility Contacts

Find local site contact details for specific facilities participating in the trial.

David YC Chan, MBBS, FRCS

Role: primary

35052542 ext. 2542

Wai Poon, MBChB, FRCS

Role: backup

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

Gore PA, Maan H, Chang S, Pitt AM, Spetzler RF, Nakaji P. Normobaric oxygen therapy strategies in the treatment of postcraniotomy pneumocephalus. J Neurosurg. 2008 May;108(5):926-9. doi: 10.3171/JNS/2008/108/5/0926.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18447708 (View on PubMed)

Dexter F, Reasoner DK. Theoretical assessment of normobaric oxygen therapy to treat pneumocephalus. Anesthesiology. 1996 Feb;84(2):442-7. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199602000-00024.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8602677 (View on PubMed)

Greif R, Akca O, Horn EP, Kurz A, Sessler DI; Outcomes Research Group. Supplemental perioperative oxygen to reduce the incidence of surgical-wound infection. N Engl J Med. 2000 Jan 20;342(3):161-7. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200001203420303.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10639541 (View on PubMed)

Xu F, Liu P, Pascual JM, Xiao G, Lu H. Effect of hypoxia and hyperoxia on cerebral blood flow, blood oxygenation, and oxidative metabolism. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2012 Oct;32(10):1909-18. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.93. Epub 2012 Jun 27.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22739621 (View on PubMed)

Santarius T, Kirkpatrick PJ, Ganesan D, Chia HL, Jalloh I, Smielewski P, Richards HK, Marcus H, Parker RA, Price SJ, Kirollos RW, Pickard JD, Hutchinson PJ. Use of drains versus no drains after burr-hole evacuation of chronic subdural haematoma: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 Sep 26;374(9695):1067-73. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61115-6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19782872 (View on PubMed)

Miranda LB, Braxton E, Hobbs J, Quigley MR. Chronic subdural hematoma in the elderly: not a benign disease. J Neurosurg. 2011 Jan;114(1):72-6. doi: 10.3171/2010.8.JNS10298. Epub 2010 Sep 24.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20868215 (View on PubMed)

Chan DYC, Poon WS, Chan DTM, Mak WK, Wong GKC. Chronic subdural haematoma during the COVID-19 lockdown period: late presentation with a longer interval from the initial head injury to the final presentation and diagnosis. Chin Neurosurg J. 2021 Jan 8;7(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s41016-020-00229-7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 33419483 (View on PubMed)

Chan DY, Woo PY, Mak CH, Chu AC, Li CC, Ko NM, Ng SC, Sun TF, Poon WS. Use of subdural drain for chronic subdural haematoma? A 4-year multi-centre observational study of 302 cases. J Clin Neurosci. 2017 Feb;36:27-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2016.10.039. Epub 2016 Nov 30.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27914805 (View on PubMed)

Chan DY, Chan DT, Sun TF, Ng SC, Wong GK, Poon WS. The use of atorvastatin for chronic subdural haematoma: a retrospective cohort comparison study. Br J Neurosurg. 2017 Feb;31(1):72-77. doi: 10.1080/02688697.2016.1208806. Epub 2016 Nov 23.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27881024 (View on PubMed)

Chan DYC, Sun TFD, Poon WS. Steroid for chronic subdural hematoma? A prospective phase IIB pilot randomized controlled trial on the use of dexamethasone with surgical drainage for the reduction of recurrence with reoperation. Chinese Neurosurgical Journal. 2015; 1(1):2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

NTEC-2021-0021

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

More Related Trials

Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.