Intermediate Normal Versus High Normal Oxygen Levels in the Emergency Department for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

NCT ID: NCT05464277

Last Updated: 2024-07-16

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

TERMINATED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

1 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2022-12-02

Study Completion Date

2024-07-14

Brief Summary

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Despite almost universal usage of supplemental oxygen therapy in patients presenting in the emergency department with traumatic brain injury (TBI), optimal oxygen levels are unclear.

The investigators propose a pilot multi-center randomized controlled trial to test the hypothesis that maintaining intermediate normal as opposed to high normal oxygen levels in patients presenting in the emergency department with TBI is feasible, and to obtain preliminary data on the efficacy of the two approaches to oxygen therapy. The aim is that the investigators produce pilot data, which could inform the design of potential subsequent larger clinical trials.

Detailed Description

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Despite the worldwide burden of traumatic brain injury (TBI), medical research on the field as opposed to other health problems is underrepresented. Consequently, there are few data to support commonly used interventions for the management of TBI, especially in the setting of the emergency department. For example, despite almost universal usage of supplemental oxygen therapy, the effects of different oxygenation levels under normobaric conditions on outcomes of patients presenting in the emergency department with TBI are unknown.

On the one hand, liberal oxygenation may provide a margin of safety against hypoxemia and may be needed to meet the high oxygen demands of an acutely altered brain physiology. On the other hand, there are increasing concerns that excessive oxygen supplementation may have harmful effects, such as central nervous system toxicity, cerebral vasoconstriction, impaired immunity leading to predisposition to infections (including pneumonia) and acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome. Such effects could be avoided by intermediate normal oxygen levels.

Taken together, the relative merits and risks of the abovementioned two approaches to oxygen therapy (namely, intermediate normal versus high normal oxygen levels) of patients with TBI in terms of important clinical outcomes (namely, development of nosocomial pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, disability and mortality) remain undefined. This suggests the need for randomized controlled trials. However, randomized controlled trials focusing on patient-centered outcomes should be preceded by pilot randomized controlled trials, which demonstrate a separation in treatment and protocol compliance (feasibility) associated with the studied interventions.

Therefore, the investigators propose a pilot multi-center randomized controlled trial to test the hypothesis that maintaining intermediate normal as opposed to high normal oxygen levels in patients presenting in the emergency department with TBI is feasible, and to obtain preliminary data on the efficacy of the two approaches to oxygen therapy.

Conditions

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Traumatic Brain Injury Acute Respiratory Failure Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Acute Brain Injury

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Enrolled patients will be randomly allocated using opaque sealed envelopes to either "intermediate normal oxygen" or "high normal oxygen" group. The asymptomatic maximal procedure, with an allocation ratio of 1:1 and a maximum tolerated imbalance of 2 will be used to randomize subjects.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Outcome Assessors
To avoid selection bias, the allocation sequence will be blinded from researchers involved in patient enrolment. Although study subjects will be unaware of the assigned group, blinding of treating clinicians is not considered feasible.

Study Groups

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Intermediate normal oxygen

For the "intermediate normal oxygen" group, an oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2) of 95-97% will be recommended in the light of the Improving Oxygen Therapy in Acute-illness (IOTA) meta-analysis. The acceptable lower limit of PaO2 will be set to 80 mmHg according to a recent consensus of experts endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. The lower-limit and higher-limit monitor alarm for SpO2 will be set at 94% and 98%, respectively.

In case that the emergency department of a study site uses ventilators, which allow for only two options of FiO2 titration (namely, "air mix" and "FiO2 of 1.0"), then the "intermediate normal oxygen" group should receive "air mix".

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Oxygen

Intervention Type OTHER

Oxygen to achieve assigned SpO2 (or FiO2) targets will be administered to study subjects. The treating clinician can alter oxygenation targets at any time if deemed necessary. The oxygenation goal will be based on SpO2 rather than arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) or arterial pressure oxygen (PaO2) from arterial blood gases. However, PaO2 can be used instead in situations where the treating clinician considers that peripheral perfusion is poor or SpO2 readings are unreliable. Assigned SpO2 targets will apply to the study subjects for a total duration of 6 hours from intubation or until death or until transfer to the operating theater (whatever comes first).

High normal oxygen

For the "high normal oxygen" group, an oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2) of 99-100% will be recommended. The lower-limit monitor alarm for SpO2 will be set at 98%. No upper alarm limit for SpO2 will be set.

In case that the emergency department of a study site uses ventilators, which allow for only two options of FiO2 titration (namely, "air mix" and "FiO2 of 1.0"), then the "high normal oxygen" group should receive "FiO2 of 1.0".

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Oxygen

Intervention Type OTHER

Oxygen to achieve assigned SpO2 (or FiO2) targets will be administered to study subjects. The treating clinician can alter oxygenation targets at any time if deemed necessary. The oxygenation goal will be based on SpO2 rather than arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) or arterial pressure oxygen (PaO2) from arterial blood gases. However, PaO2 can be used instead in situations where the treating clinician considers that peripheral perfusion is poor or SpO2 readings are unreliable. Assigned SpO2 targets will apply to the study subjects for a total duration of 6 hours from intubation or until death or until transfer to the operating theater (whatever comes first).

Interventions

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Oxygen

Oxygen to achieve assigned SpO2 (or FiO2) targets will be administered to study subjects. The treating clinician can alter oxygenation targets at any time if deemed necessary. The oxygenation goal will be based on SpO2 rather than arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) or arterial pressure oxygen (PaO2) from arterial blood gases. However, PaO2 can be used instead in situations where the treating clinician considers that peripheral perfusion is poor or SpO2 readings are unreliable. Assigned SpO2 targets will apply to the study subjects for a total duration of 6 hours from intubation or until death or until transfer to the operating theater (whatever comes first).

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Adult patient ≥18 years
* Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 8
* Non-penetrating traumatic brain injury
* Intubated patient

Exclusion Criteria

* Age \<18 years
* Lack of intention to admit to the intensive care unit
* Moribund patient expected to die within 24 hours
* Expected need for mechanical ventilation \< 24 hours
* Time interval from intubation to group allocation more than 60 minutes
* Penetrating traumatic brain injury
* Pregnancy
* Lack of equipoise of the treating clinician
* Lack of informed consent
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Evangelismos Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Ilias Siempos

Academic Scholar

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Ilias I Siempos, MD, DSc

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece

Locations

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Evangelismos Hospital

Athens, , Greece

Site Status

KAT General Hospital

Athens, , Greece

Site Status

Countries

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Greece

References

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Other Identifiers

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286/18-6-2020

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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