Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
137 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2019-02-28
2020-08-21
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Existing interventions that have successfully improved study participants' health-related behaviors typically find that behavioral changes do not persist beyond 3 months after the intervention period. Fortunately, novel habit formation interventions from the psychology literature offer the potential for building long-term behavioral change and avoiding the common "relapse triangles" observed in these existing behavioral interventions. These new methods are based on the theory that habits are formed through the repetition of the same behavior in response to a stable, environmental cue. After an initial period of repetition, automaticity is formed, and the behavioral response becomes more effortlessly/unconsciously induced by the environmental cue. Behavioral reminders that reinforce a specific behavioral routine-environmental cue pair have been shown to support this initial period of habit formation; however, given the individualized nature of these reminders, a generalizable intervention method has not been developed and empirically tested. This research will use an iPhone app to examine the role of both general informational on contextually cued habits and the use of personalized reminders and financial incentives for using a daily physical activity contextual cue on the persistence of physical activity behavior after the intervention tools are withdrawn.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
PREVENTION
SINGLE
Study Groups
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Control Group
One fourth of participants were assigned to the Control Group, and received a basic training with the StepUp app and were asked to contact the study team with any problems or questions they encountered during the eight-week study period. No other intervention tools or app reminders were provided to the Control Group.
App use instructions
Received a basic training with the StepUp app
Treatment Group 1
Additionally eligible to receive weekly $5 Amazon gift cards over the first four weeks of the study for performing a ≥10-minute walk (i.e. non-cue-contingent incentives)
Non-cue-contingent weekly incentives
Eligible to win $5 Amazon gift card conditional on completing a daily ≥10-minute walk at any time of day
App use instructions
Received a basic training with the StepUp app
Treatment Group 2
Received an instructional video on the benefits of contextual-cue-dependent habits and instructions on how to identify an optimal personalized cue that would consistently trigger their ≥10-minute walking habit, then they were similarly eligible weekly for $5 Amazon gift cards over the first four weeks conditional on completing a ≥10-minute walk at any time of day (i.e. non-cue-contingent incentives)
Non-cue-contingent weekly incentives
Eligible to win $5 Amazon gift card conditional on completing a daily ≥10-minute walk at any time of day
Habit Coaching
Received an instructional video on the benefits of contextual-cue-dependent habits and instructions on how to identify an optimal personalized cue that would consistently trigger their ≥10-minute walking habit
App use instructions
Received a basic training with the StepUp app
Treatment Group 3
Received an instructional video on the benefits of contextual-cue-dependent habits and instructions on how to identify an optimal personalized cue that would consistently trigger their ≥10-minute walking habit, then they were eligible weekly for $5 Amazon gift cards over the first four weeks conditional on completing a ≥10-minute walk at any the pre-specified time of their chosen contextual cue (i.e. cue-contingent incentives)
Cue-contingent weekly incentives
Eligible to win $5 Amazon gift card conditional on completing a daily ≥10-minute walk within a +/-1 hour window of the pre-specified time of their chosen contextual walking cue
Habit Coaching
Received an instructional video on the benefits of contextual-cue-dependent habits and instructions on how to identify an optimal personalized cue that would consistently trigger their ≥10-minute walking habit
App use instructions
Received a basic training with the StepUp app
Interventions
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Non-cue-contingent weekly incentives
Eligible to win $5 Amazon gift card conditional on completing a daily ≥10-minute walk at any time of day
Cue-contingent weekly incentives
Eligible to win $5 Amazon gift card conditional on completing a daily ≥10-minute walk within a +/-1 hour window of the pre-specified time of their chosen contextual walking cue
Habit Coaching
Received an instructional video on the benefits of contextual-cue-dependent habits and instructions on how to identify an optimal personalized cue that would consistently trigger their ≥10-minute walking habit
App use instructions
Received a basic training with the StepUp app
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Have an existing wellness goal related to increasing physical activity
* Access to an iPhone with iOS 10 or above (in order to use the app)
* Proficiency in speaking and reading English
Exclusion Criteria
* Pregnancy
* Expected surgery
* A chronic or acute health condition that affects their ability to perform basic mobility tasks or light-aerobic exercise (e.g. heart disease, injured or missing limb, etc.)
18 Years
65 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Arizona State University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Locations
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Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Troy, New York, United States
Countries
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References
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Stawarz, Cox, and Blandford. 2015. "Beyond self-tracking and reminders: designing smartphone apps that support habit formation." Proceedings of the 33rd annual ACM conference on human factors in computing systems, ACM.
Lally, Phillippa, et al. 2010. "How are habits formed: Modelling habit formation in the real world." European journal of social psychology 40(6): 998-1009.
Wood W, Neal DT. A new look at habits and the habit-goal interface. Psychol Rev. 2007 Oct;114(4):843-63. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.114.4.843.
Wood and Neal. 2016. "Healthy through habit: Interventions for initiating & maintaining health behavior change." Behavioral Science & Policy 2(1): 71-83.
Adriaanse MA, Gollwitzer PM, De Ridder DT, de Wit JB, Kroese FM. Breaking habits with implementation intentions: a test of underlying processes. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2011 Apr;37(4):502-13. doi: 10.1177/0146167211399102. Epub 2011 Feb 11.
Stecher C, Chen CH, Codella J, Cloonan S, Hendler J. Combining anchoring with financial incentives to increase physical activity: a randomized controlled trial among college students. J Behav Med. 2024 Oct;47(5):751-769. doi: 10.1007/s10865-024-00492-4. Epub 2024 May 5.
Other Identifiers
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1698
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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