Plant-Based Meat vs Animal "Red" Meat Trial

NCT ID: NCT04510324

Last Updated: 2023-08-07

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

41 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2020-11-01

Study Completion Date

2023-03-30

Brief Summary

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To assess the changes in the circulating levels of TMAO after 1-week of beef or plant-based burger diet.

Detailed Description

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Single-center, randomized, single-blinded cross-over trial including healthy adult participants (N=40, omnivores, aged between 25 and 65 years, and with a body mass index (BMI) between 20 and 40 kg/m2 (see participation criteria below). Participants will be randomized to either red meat (cow burger) or plant "meat" (plant-based burger). The primary outcome will be the within-group change in the TMAO levels.

Conditions

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Inflammatory Response

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

Single-center, randomized, single-blinded cross-over trial including healthy adult participants (N=40, omnivores, aged between 25 and 65 years, and with a body mass index (BMI) between 20 and 40 kg/m2 (see participation criteria below). Following one week of a meat, egg, and seafood free diet ('washout'), participants will be randomized to either red meat (cow burger) or plant meat (plant-based burger) for one week. Following this, participants will under go another week of diet washout and will then be crossed over to the other meat burger for one week. The primary outcome will be the within-group change in the TMAO levels.
Primary Study Purpose

OTHER

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants
Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio. Randomization will be performed within the electronic database system at the time of enrollment using a random number generator, an approach we have used successfully in other clinical trials. The participants will be blinded to the intervention assignment (single blinded study).

Study Groups

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Red meat patties

Participants will be randomized to group 1: Red meat, ''Costco Kirkland Signature 1/4 lb Ground Beef Patties'' (Beef burger). Participants will be given two patties per day.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Red meat patties group

Intervention Type OTHER

1\. Baseline Visit: day -7 before randomization

* Clinical history
* Refrain from seafood, eggs, fish or meat, for 7-day ("washout") prior to Day 1. 2. Day 1 Randomization
* Randomization to 1 of 2 interventions: plant-based or meat burgers
* 6 days-worth of burgers will be delivered to the participant's house 3. Day 1-6:
* The participant will be asked to eat a specific randomized diet for 6 days 5. Days 7
* Physical exam (weight, BP, HR)
* Food questionnaire
* Blood draw: Circulating TMAO, Total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol, Creatinine, High-sensitivity c-reactive protein
* Urine Collection - TMAO 6. Day 7-14: Washout 7. Day 14: Patties delivery 8. Day 14-20: Assigned diet for 6 days 9. Days 20: Same as day 7

Plant-based patties

Participants will be randomized to group 2: plant-based burger which contains no animal products. The Plant-based burger selected is ''Beyond Burger" (https://www.beyondmeat.com/products/the-beyond-burger/ ). Participants will be given two patties per day.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Plant-based patties group

Intervention Type OTHER

Same as above

Interventions

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Red meat patties group

1\. Baseline Visit: day -7 before randomization

* Clinical history
* Refrain from seafood, eggs, fish or meat, for 7-day ("washout") prior to Day 1. 2. Day 1 Randomization
* Randomization to 1 of 2 interventions: plant-based or meat burgers
* 6 days-worth of burgers will be delivered to the participant's house 3. Day 1-6:
* The participant will be asked to eat a specific randomized diet for 6 days 5. Days 7
* Physical exam (weight, BP, HR)
* Food questionnaire
* Blood draw: Circulating TMAO, Total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol, Creatinine, High-sensitivity c-reactive protein
* Urine Collection - TMAO 6. Day 7-14: Washout 7. Day 14: Patties delivery 8. Day 14-20: Assigned diet for 6 days 9. Days 20: Same as day 7

Intervention Type OTHER

Plant-based patties group

Same as above

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* ≥ 25 years and ≤65 of age
* BMI ≥20 Kg/m2 and ≤40 Kg/m2
* No known kidney disease
* No antibiotics in the previous 30 days

Exclusion Criteria

* Any person who does not meet the above criteria and/or who refuses to participate
* Food allergies (specific ingredients contained in the patties)
Minimum Eligible Age

25 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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João Pedro Ferreira, MD

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Abhinav Sharma

Cardiologist

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Abhinav Sharma, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre

Locations

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McGill University health Center

Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Site Status

Countries

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Canada

References

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Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Tang WH, Wang Z, Levison BS, Koeth RA, Britt EB, Fu X, Wu Y, Hazen SL. Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med. 2013 Apr 25;368(17):1575-84. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1109400.

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Schiattarella GG, Sannino A, Toscano E, Giugliano G, Gargiulo G, Franzone A, Trimarco B, Esposito G, Perrino C. Gut microbe-generated metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide as cardiovascular risk biomarker: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2017 Oct 14;38(39):2948-2956. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx342.

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Bennett BJ, de Aguiar Vallim TQ, Wang Z, Shih DM, Meng Y, Gregory J, Allayee H, Lee R, Graham M, Crooke R, Edwards PA, Hazen SL, Lusis AJ. Trimethylamine-N-oxide, a metabolite associated with atherosclerosis, exhibits complex genetic and dietary regulation. Cell Metab. 2013 Jan 8;17(1):49-60. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.12.011.

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Warrier M, Shih DM, Burrows AC, Ferguson D, Gromovsky AD, Brown AL, Marshall S, McDaniel A, Schugar RC, Wang Z, Sacks J, Rong X, Vallim TA, Chou J, Ivanova PT, Myers DS, Brown HA, Lee RG, Crooke RM, Graham MJ, Liu X, Parini P, Tontonoz P, Lusis AJ, Hazen SL, Temel RE, Brown JM. The TMAO-Generating Enzyme Flavin Monooxygenase 3 Is a Central Regulator of Cholesterol Balance. Cell Rep. 2015 Jan 20;10(3):326-338. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.036. Epub 2015 Jan 15.

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Wang Z, Roberts AB, Buffa JA, Levison BS, Zhu W, Org E, Gu X, Huang Y, Zamanian-Daryoush M, Culley MK, DiDonato AJ, Fu X, Hazen JE, Krajcik D, DiDonato JA, Lusis AJ, Hazen SL. Non-lethal Inhibition of Gut Microbial Trimethylamine Production for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis. Cell. 2015 Dec 17;163(7):1585-95. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.055.

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Roberts AB, Gu X, Buffa JA, Hurd AG, Wang Z, Zhu W, Gupta N, Skye SM, Cody DB, Levison BS, Barrington WT, Russell MW, Reed JM, Duzan A, Lang JM, Fu X, Li L, Myers AJ, Rachakonda S, DiDonato JA, Brown JM, Gogonea V, Lusis AJ, Garcia-Garcia JC, Hazen SL. Development of a gut microbe-targeted nonlethal therapeutic to inhibit thrombosis potential. Nat Med. 2018 Sep;24(9):1407-1417. doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0128-1. Epub 2018 Aug 6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30082863 (View on PubMed)

Koeth RA, Wang Z, Levison BS, Buffa JA, Org E, Sheehy BT, Britt EB, Fu X, Wu Y, Li L, Smith JD, DiDonato JA, Chen J, Li H, Wu GD, Lewis JD, Warrier M, Brown JM, Krauss RM, Tang WH, Bushman FD, Lusis AJ, Hazen SL. Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis. Nat Med. 2013 May;19(5):576-85. doi: 10.1038/nm.3145. Epub 2013 Apr 7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Conlon MA, Bird AR. The impact of diet and lifestyle on gut microbiota and human health. Nutrients. 2014 Dec 24;7(1):17-44. doi: 10.3390/nu7010017.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25545101 (View on PubMed)

Miller CA, Corbin KD, da Costa KA, Zhang S, Zhao X, Galanko JA, Blevins T, Bennett BJ, O'Connor A, Zeisel SH. Effect of egg ingestion on trimethylamine-N-oxide production in humans: a randomized, controlled, dose-response study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Sep;100(3):778-86. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.087692. Epub 2014 Jun 18.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24944063 (View on PubMed)

Koeth RA, Lam-Galvez BR, Kirsop J, Wang Z, Levison BS, Gu X, Copeland MF, Bartlett D, Cody DB, Dai HJ, Culley MK, Li XS, Fu X, Wu Y, Li L, DiDonato JA, Tang WHW, Garcia-Garcia JC, Hazen SL. l-Carnitine in omnivorous diets induces an atherogenic gut microbial pathway in humans. J Clin Invest. 2019 Jan 2;129(1):373-387. doi: 10.1172/JCI94601. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30530985 (View on PubMed)

Wang Z, Bergeron N, Levison BS, Li XS, Chiu S, Jia X, Koeth RA, Li L, Wu Y, Tang WHW, Krauss RM, Hazen SL. Impact of chronic dietary red meat, white meat, or non-meat protein on trimethylamine N-oxide metabolism and renal excretion in healthy men and women. Eur Heart J. 2019 Feb 14;40(7):583-594. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy799.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30535398 (View on PubMed)

Mertens E, Markey O, Geleijnse JM, Givens DI, Lovegrove JA. Dietary Patterns in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Risk Markers in a Middle-Aged British Male Population: Data from the Caerphilly Prospective Study. Nutrients. 2017 Jan 18;9(1):75. doi: 10.3390/nu9010075.

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Taesuwan S, Cho CE, Malysheva OV, Bender E, King JH, Yan J, Thalacker-Mercer AE, Caudill MA. The metabolic fate of isotopically labeled trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in humans. J Nutr Biochem. 2017 Jul;45:77-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.02.010. Epub 2017 Apr 13.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Janeiro MH, Ramirez MJ, Milagro FI, Martinez JA, Solas M. Implication of Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) in Disease: Potential Biomarker or New Therapeutic Target. Nutrients. 2018 Oct 1;10(10):1398. doi: 10.3390/nu10101398.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30275434 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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2020-6374

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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