The Hemodynamic Effects of Vasopressin in Patients With Fontan Physiology

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

EARLY_PHASE1

Total Enrollment

28 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2020-08-12

Study Completion Date

2022-02-15

Brief Summary

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The goal of this study is to evaluate if vasopressin can elevate systemic arterial blood pressures without having a significant effect on pulmonary arterial pressures. Because patients who have undergone Fontan procedures rely on low pressures across the pulmonary vascular bed to maintain cardiac output, vasoactive agents that concomitantly increase systemic and pulmonary pressures may have a deleterious effect in this specific patient population.

Hypothesis: In patients with Fontan physiology, vasopressin will increase systemic BP by 20% above baseline, without increasing the transpulmonary gradient.

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Detailed Description

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Patients with Fontan physiology are at increased risk of developing hypotension during periods of illness or with anesthesia. These patients have changes in venous capacitance, compliance, and venomotor tone. When hypotension occurs, the approach to management requires a careful understanding of these changes and the selection of appropriate, efficacious vasoactive agents. Vasoconstrictive medications are frequently used to treat hypotension when patients are refractory to fluid resuscitation. However, most of these medications have an effect on both the systemic and pulmonary circulations, raising the vascular pressures of both circuits. However, these patients often do not tolerate abrupt increases in pulmonary arterial pressures or vascular resistance, and a low transpulmonary gradient is imperative to maintain cardiac output. The ideal agent would be one that raises systemic vascular pressure while having a minimal effect on the pulmonary circulation.

One promising medication for treating hypotension in Fontan patients is vasopressin. One prior study evaluated the hemodynamic effect of vasopressin in pediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension. Compared to other vasopressor agents (phenylephrine, epinephrine), vasopressin increased systemic blood pressure with the least effect on pulmonary artery pressure. In a second study evaluating the use of vasopressin specifically for patients undergoing cardiac surgery for the creation of a Fontan, those who were treated with vasopressin as part of their postoperative management demonstrated lower transpulmonary gradients than those treated with placebo. Other studies have evaluated the use of vasopressin in Fontan patients for other clinical outcomes, such as decreasing postoperative chest tube output. On the basis of these studies, as well as our clinical experience managing these patients in the operating room, procedural suites, and in the intensive care unit, the investigator believes that vasopressin is not only safe but may be the preferred agent for this patient population.

Although vasopressin has been studied extensively in the context of sepsis, post cardiopulmonary bypass, and other vasoplegic disease states, the use of vasopressin has not yet been studied in the general population of patients who have Fontan physiology. The investigator hopes to demonstrate the efficacy of vasopressin as a medication specifically for these patients, as one that can elevate systemic blood pressure without compromising cardiac output or having a deleterious effect on the pulmonary vasculature.

Conditions

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Hypotension Fontan Physiology

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NA

Intervention Model

SEQUENTIAL

Using Minimal Sample size estimation based on the primary outcome (PVR/SVR ratio) based on paired means for decreases in PVR/SVR ratio after vasopressin administration from a prior study at our institution. We calculated a minimum sample size of 28 for a power of 0.8 and and 0.05 significant difference.

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Vasopressin

Participants undergoing cardiac catheterization

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Vasopressin

Intervention Type DRUG

Vasopressin administered intravenously

Interventions

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Vasopressin

Vasopressin administered intravenously

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1\. All patients scheduled for cardiac catheterization at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital with Fontan circulation

Exclusion Criteria

1. Critical illness severe enough to preclude extended cardiac catheterization time
2. Patients already on vasopressin
3. Patients with pulmonary hypertension.
4. Patient not scheduled for cardiac catheterization at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital (LPCH).

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No