A Comparative Study of Airtraq Versus Macintosh Laryngoscope for Endotracheal Intubation by First Year Resident

NCT ID: NCT04386356

Last Updated: 2020-05-27

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

60 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2020-02-01

Study Completion Date

2020-12-01

Brief Summary

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This study evaluates the learning and performance of tracheal intubation by first year anaesthesia trainee in Nepalese population using either Airtraq or Macintosh laryngoscopes.

Detailed Description

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The airway is primarily a conduit for air to reach the lungs. Maintaining a stable, patent airway is a fundamental element of safe perioperative care for all anesthesiologists. Though maintaining airway patency seems conceptually straightforward, a wide variety of clinical circumstances, patients, and tools can make the task of ensuring a stable, open airway under all clinical conditions extremely challenging.

In spite of endotracheal intubation being a lifesaving skill, problems like delayed intubation, misplaced tracheal tube, or airway trauma are frequently encountered, and can cause death or hypoxic brain damage. The magnitude of problems during airway management constitute 17% of anaesthesia closed claims in UK, with difficult intubation being the most common at a rate of 5%.The American Society of Anesthesiologists' Closed Claims Project (ASACCP) reports that though the proportion of claims for respiratory complications decreased from 34% in the 1970s to 15% in the 1990s, the 'big three' (inadequate ventilation, oesophageal intubation, and difficult tracheal intubation) still accounted for \>50% of claims leading to death or permanent brain damage.

Direct laryngoscopy (DL) remains the gold standard technique for securing the airway. Successful DL involves the creation of a new (non-anatomic) visual axis, through maximal alignment of the axes of the oral and pharyngeal cavities and displacement of the tongue that requires manipulations of head, neck and larynx and other stressful movements. These manipulations of the airway have numerous adverse implications including significant hemodynamic disturbances, cervical instability, injury to oral and pharyngeal tissues, and dental damage. It is thus, a complicated technical skill with a variable learning curve and requires regular training, experience, and practice to acquire and maintain.

The video laryngoscope (VL) is a recently developed device with a camera and light source on the tip of its blade that provides indirect glottic view. The Airtraq laryngoscope is a recently developed video laryngoscope. It has an anatomically shaped blade which contains two parallel channels, one, the guiding channel, for the insertion of the endotracheal tube (ETT) and the other, the optical channel, containing a series of lenses, prisms, and mirrors that transfer the image from the illuminated tip to a proximal viewfinder, giving a high-quality wide-angle view of the glottis and surrounding structures.

As compared to DL, Airtraq VL requires the application of lesser force to the base of the tongue and is thus less likely to stimulate stress response and induce local tissue injury, produces less cervical movement, and has a faster learning curve relative to DL. It has also been demonstrated to be beneficial in the difficult airway scenario, when compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope, by reducing the number of failed intubations, the duration of intubation attempts and the amount of airway manipulation required, making them suitable for use by medical personnel who intubate infrequently.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate learning and performance of tracheal intubation by first year anaesthesia trainee using either Airtraq VL or Macintosh laryngoscopes.

Conditions

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Intubation; Difficult or Failed Intubation Complication

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

First year anaesthesia trainee are those residents in their first year of anaesthesia training and has not had any prior experience using either laryngoscope. They will be given adequate training and instructions before intubation on patients.

On the day of surgery, the baseline airway variables and the baseline hemodynamic values will be recorded. An investigator not involved in assessing the patient outcome will open the sealed envelope according to the serial number of the patient enrolled into the study.

Following standard induction technique of preoxygenation with 100% oxygen, injection fentanyl, injection propofol, injection veruronium and mixture of isoflurane and oxygen, tracheal intubation will then be performed by first year anaesthesia trainee using either Airtraq or Macintosh laryngoscope according to the randomization sequence supervised by an experienced anaesthesiologist and data recorded by an independent observer.
Primary Study Purpose

HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH

Blinding Strategy

TRIPLE

Participants Investigators Outcome Assessors
An investigator not involved in assessing the patient outcome will open the sealed envelope according to the serial number of the patient enrolled into the study.Tracheal intubation will then be performed by first year anaesthesia trainee using either Airtraq or Macintosh laryngoscope according to the randomization sequence supervised by an experienced anaesthesiologist and data recorded by an independent observer. The data will be analysed by an investigator not involved in administering anaesthesia.

Study Groups

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Orotracheal intubation with macintosh laryngoscope

Following standard intubation protocol, tracheal intubation will be performed by first year anaesthesia trainee using Macintosh laryngoscope according to the randomization sequence supervised by an experienced anaesthesiologist and data recorded by an independent observer on one group of patients.

Duration of intubation attempt, failed intubation, optimization maneuvers required to perform tracheal intubation, glottic view according to the Cormack and Lehane grading will be evaluated. Similarly, the maximum fall in oxygen saturation during intubation, HR, SBP and DBP will be documented immediately following intubation and then every 5 minutes till the end of surgery. The occurrence of minor complications (visible trauma to lip or oral mucosa, and presence of blood on laryngoscope blade), and the postoperative sore throat and hoarseness will be evaluated at the end of surgery in the postoperative recovery room.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Orotracheal intubation with Airtraq Video Laryngoscope

Following standard intubation protocol, tracheal intubation will be performed by first year anaesthesia trainee using Airtraq video laryngoscope according to the randomization sequence supervised by an experienced anaesthesiologist and data recorded by an independent observer on one group of patients.

Duration of intubation attempt, failed intubation, optimization maneuvers required to perform tracheal intubation, glottic view according to the Cormack and Lehane grading will be evaluated. Similarly, the maximum fall in oxygen saturation during intubation, HR, SBP and DBP will be documented immediately following intubation and then every 5 minutes till the end of surgery. The occurrence of minor complications (visible trauma to lip or oral mucosa, and presence of blood on laryngoscope blade), and the postoperative sore throat and hoarseness will be evaluated at the end of surgery in the postoperative recovery room.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Orotracheal intubation with either Macintosh laryngoscope versus Airtraq video laryngoscope

Intervention Type DEVICE

Tracheal intubation will be performed by first year anaesthesia trainee using either Macintosh laryngoscope or Airtraq video laryngoscope according to the randomization sequence supervised by an experienced anaesthesiologist and data recorded by an independent observer on one group of patients.

Interventions

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Orotracheal intubation with either Macintosh laryngoscope versus Airtraq video laryngoscope

Tracheal intubation will be performed by first year anaesthesia trainee using either Macintosh laryngoscope or Airtraq video laryngoscope according to the randomization sequence supervised by an experienced anaesthesiologist and data recorded by an independent observer on one group of patients.

Intervention Type DEVICE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. ASA physical status I and II
2. Age group 16-65 years of either gender
3. Patient requiring orotracheal intubation under general anaesthesia.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Patient having respiratory tract (oropharynx, larynx) pathology,
2. Patient with predicted difficult airway (such as mouth opening \<2 cm),
3. Patient having gastroesophageal reflux disease, hiatus hernia, and pregnancy.
Minimum Eligible Age

16 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Dr Sabin Bhandari

Assistant Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Sabin Bhandari, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care

Locations

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B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences

Dharān, Koshi, Nepal

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Nepal

Central Contacts

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Sabin Bhandari, MD

Role: CONTACT

+977-9851161225

Balkrishna Bhattarai, MD

Role: CONTACT

+977-9842022693

Facility Contacts

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Birendra Prasad Sah, MD

Role: primary

+977-9852049693

Balkrishna Bhattarai

Role: backup

+977-9842022693

References

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Rosenblatt WH, Sukhupragaran W. Airway management. In: Barash PG, Cullen BF, Stoelting RK, Cahalan MK, Stock MC, Ortega R, editors. Clinical Anesthesia. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013. p. 774.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Berry JM, Harvey S. Laryngoscopic Orotracheal and Nasotracheal Intubation. In: Benumof and Hagberg"s Airway Management; Hagberg CA, Gabel JC, editors, 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders; 2013. p.346-347.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Zafirova Z, Tung A. The Difficult Airway: Definitions and Algorithms. In: Glick DB, Cooper RM, Ovassapian A, editors. The difficult airway. New York: Springer; 2013. p.1.

Reference Type RESULT

Woodall NM, Benger JR, Harper JS, et al. Airway management complications during anaesthesia, in intensive care units and in emergency departments in the UK. Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care. 2012; 2(2), 58-64. doi:10.1016/j.tacc.2012.02.005

Reference Type RESULT

Metzner J, Posner KL, Lam MS, Domino KB. Closed claims' analysis. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2011 Jun;25(2):263-76. doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2011.02.007.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 21550550 (View on PubMed)

Cook TM, Woodall N, Harper J, Benger J; Fourth National Audit Project. Major complications of airway management in the UK: results of the Fourth National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Difficult Airway Society. Part 2: intensive care and emergency departments. Br J Anaesth. 2011 May;106(5):632-42. doi: 10.1093/bja/aer059. Epub 2011 Mar 29.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 21447489 (View on PubMed)

Cook TM, MacDougall-Davis SR. Complications and failure of airway management. Br J Anaesth. 2012 Dec;109 Suppl 1:i68-i85. doi: 10.1093/bja/aes393.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 23242753 (View on PubMed)

Macintosh RR. A NEW LARYNGOSCOPE. The Lancet. 1943; 241(6233), 205.

Reference Type RESULT

Miller RA: A new laryngoscope. Anesthesiology. 1941, 2 (3): 310-316. 10.

Reference Type RESULT

Chemsian R, Bhananker S, Ramaiah R. Videolaryngoscopy. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci. 2014 Jan;4(1):35-41. doi: 10.4103/2229-5151.128011.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 24741496 (View on PubMed)

Niforopoulou P, Pantazopoulos I, Demestiha T, Koudouna E, Xanthos T. Video-laryngoscopes in the adult airway management: a topical review of the literature. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2010 Oct;54(9):1050-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2010.02285.x. Epub 2010 Jul 28.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 20887406 (View on PubMed)

Maharaj CH, Buckley E, Harte BH, Laffey JG. Endotracheal intubation in patients with cervical spine immobilization: a comparison of macintosh and airtraq laryngoscopes. Anesthesiology. 2007 Jul;107(1):53-9. doi: 10.1097/01.anes.0000267529.71756.f0.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 17585215 (View on PubMed)

Paolini JB, Donati F, Drolet P. Review article: video-laryngoscopy: another tool for difficult intubation or a new paradigm in airway management? Can J Anaesth. 2013 Feb;60(2):184-91. doi: 10.1007/s12630-012-9859-5. Epub 2012 Dec 12.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 23233395 (View on PubMed)

Nouruzi-Sedeh P, Schumann M, Groeben H. Laryngoscopy via Macintosh blade versus GlideScope: success rate and time for endotracheal intubation in untrained medical personnel. Anesthesiology. 2009 Jan;110(1):32-7. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e318190b6a7.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 19104167 (View on PubMed)

Kaplan MB, Hagberg CA, Ward DS, Brambrink A, Chhibber AK, Heidegger T, Lozada L, Ovassapian A, Parsons D, Ramsay J, Wilhelm W, Zwissler B, Gerig HJ, Hofstetter C, Karan S, Kreisler N, Pousman RM, Thierbach A, Wrobel M, Berci G. Comparison of direct and video-assisted views of the larynx during routine intubation. J Clin Anesth. 2006 Aug;18(5):357-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2006.01.002.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 16905081 (View on PubMed)

Maharaj CH, Costello JF, Higgins BD, Harte BH, Laffey JG. Learning and performance of tracheal intubation by novice personnel: a comparison of the Airtraq and Macintosh laryngoscope. Anaesthesia. 2006 Jul;61(7):671-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2006.04653.x.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 16792613 (View on PubMed)

Dhonneur G, Ndoko S, Amathieu R, Housseini LE, Poncelet C, Tual L. Tracheal intubation using the Airtraq in morbid obese patients undergoing emergency cesarean delivery. Anesthesiology. 2007 Mar;106(3):629-30. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200703000-00027. No abstract available.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 17325521 (View on PubMed)

Nowicki TA, Suozzi JC, Dziedzic M, Kamin R, Donahue S, Robinson K. Comparison of use of the the Airtraq with direct laryngoscopy by paramedics in the simulated airway. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2009 Jan-Mar;13(1):75-80. doi: 10.1080/10903120802471881.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 19145529 (View on PubMed)

Adnet F, Borron SW, Racine SX, Clemessy JL, Fournier JL, Plaisance P, Lapandry C. The intubation difficulty scale (IDS): proposal and evaluation of a new score characterizing the complexity of endotracheal intubation. Anesthesiology. 1997 Dec;87(6):1290-7. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199712000-00005.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 9416711 (View on PubMed)

Maharaj CH, O'Croinin D, Curley G, Harte BH, Laffey JG. A comparison of tracheal intubation using the Airtraq or the Macintosh laryngoscope in routine airway management: A randomised, controlled clinical trial. Anaesthesia. 2006 Nov;61(11):1093-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2006.04819.x.

Reference Type RESULT
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Ndoko SK, Amathieu R, Tual L, Polliand C, Kamoun W, El Housseini L, Champault G, Dhonneur G. Tracheal intubation of morbidly obese patients: a randomized trial comparing performance of Macintosh and Airtraq laryngoscopes. Br J Anaesth. 2008 Feb;100(2):263-8. doi: 10.1093/bja/aem346.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 18211999 (View on PubMed)

Malin E, Montblanc Jd, Ynineb Y, Marret E, Bonnet F. Performance of the Airtraq laryngoscope after failed conventional tracheal intubation: a case series. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2009 Aug;53(7):858-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.02011.x. Epub 2009 Jun 3.

Reference Type RESULT
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Turkstra TP, Pelz DM, Jones PM. Cervical spine motion: a fluoroscopic comparison of the AirTraq Laryngoscope versus the Macintosh laryngoscope. Anesthesiology. 2009 Jul;111(1):97-101. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181a8649f.

Reference Type RESULT
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Chalkeidis O, Kotsovolis G, Kalakonas A, Filippidou M, Triantafyllou C, Vaikos D, Koutsioumpas E. A comparison between the Airtraq and Macintosh laryngoscopes for routine airway management by experienced anesthesiologists: a randomized clinical trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan. 2010 Mar;48(1):15-20. doi: 10.1016/S1875-4597(10)60004-5.

Reference Type RESULT
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Koh JC, Lee JS, Lee YW, Chang CH. Comparison of the laryngeal view during intubation using Airtraq and Macintosh laryngoscopes in patients with cervical spine immobilization and mouth opening limitation. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2010 Nov;59(5):314-8. doi: 10.4097/kjae.2010.59.5.314. Epub 2010 Nov 25.

Reference Type RESULT
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Reference Type RESULT
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Di Marco P, Scattoni L, Spinoglio A, Luzi M, Canneti A, Pietropaoli P, Reale C. Learning curves of the Airtraq and the Macintosh laryngoscopes for tracheal intubation by novice laryngoscopists: a clinical study. Anesth Analg. 2011 Jan;112(1):122-5. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182005ef0. Epub 2010 Nov 3.

Reference Type RESULT
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Cormack RS, Lehane J. Difficult tracheal intubation in obstetrics. Anaesthesia. 1984 Nov;39(11):1105-11.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 6507827 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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490/076/077

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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