Connective Tissue Graft Versus Collagen Matrix

NCT ID: NCT04210596

Last Updated: 2025-03-06

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

60 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-09-01

Study Completion Date

2025-12-31

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

Patients in need of a single implant in the premaxilla and presenting with a horizontal buccal soft tissue defect at the single tooth gap will be invited to participate in a multicenter RCT. Prior to surgery, a small-field low-dose CBCT is taken since a buccopalatal bone dimension of at least 6 mm at the central and crestal aspect of the single tooth gap is required to ensure complete embedding of an implant by bone. Sixty patients will be randomly allocated to the test group or control group in 6 centers. Each center receives 10 sealed envelopes (5 are internally labelled with 'test group' and 5 with 'control group').

For each patient a digital planning is performed in implant planning software and a tooth-supported surgical guide is fabricated. In the control group, a single implant is placed following flap elevation and surgical guide installation. Then, a CTG from the palate is positioned under the buccal mucosa to thicken the tissues. A provisional restoration is placed at the day of surgery, which is replaced by a permanent one 3m later. Patients in the test group are treated in the same way, yet a CM (Fibro-Gide®) is used instead of a CTG.

Changes in the buccal soft tissue profile are registered over time by superimposing intra-oral scans in SMOP® software.

Secondary outcomes included clinical, aesthetic and patient-reported outcomes.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

Patients will be included in a multicenter RCT following screening and after having received written consent.

A sample size calculation using the Satterthwaite t-test was performed in SAS Power and Sample Size based on a comparison of mean change in BSP (primary outcome variable) from baseline to 1 year between the control group and test group. The calculation was based on finding a mean difference of at least 0.5 mm between these groups with a standard deviation of 0.5 mm for CTG and 0.7 mm for CM (as adopted from Zeltner et al. 2017). With alpha set at 0.05 and a power of 0.80, the sample size calculation indicated 25 patients to be included per group. To compensate for drop-outs, 30 patients would be treated with CTG and 30 would be treated with CM.

Clinicians and centers, randomization, allocation concealment and blinding Six experienced clinicians will treat 10 patients each. All clinicians are staff members of the Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology at UGent - UZ Gent, who also work part-time in different private practices. The digital workflow, the implant placement protocol, the application of CTG and CM and the restorative protocol will be thoroughly discussed among the 6 clinicians in a training session before the start of the trial.

During the training session each clinician will receive 5 sealed envelopes internally coded as 'CTG' and another 5 as 'CM'. Just prior to surgery, a sealed envelope will be randomly selected and opened to reveal the treatment to be conducted. The measuring investigator will not be involved in the treatment of any of the patients and will be blinded to allow unbiased registrations.

Pre-operative digital planning A full digital workflow will be adopted for every patient. This implies the fabrication of a stereolythographic surgical guide on the basis of a 3D digital implant planning in designated software (NobelClinician, Nobel Biocare, Zürich, Switserland). A low-dose small-field Cone-Beam CT and intra-oral scan are required for this purpose. The same software will also be used to design a provisional acrylic crown, which will be adapted chairside immediately following surgery (Tempshell, Nobel Biocare, Zürich, Switserland).

Surgery Control group: soft tissue augmentation with CTG Patients start to take systemic antibiotics (Amoxicilline 1g) and anti-inflammatory medication (ibuprofen 600 mg) 1h pre-operatively. Following local anesthesia (Septanest special, Septodont, Saint Maur des Fossés, France) and oral disinfection (Corsodyl mouth rinse, GSK, Wavre, Belgium), a conventional mucoperiosteal flap will be raised. Thereupon, the surgical guide is positioned and a dental implant (NobelReplace CC PMC, Nobel Biocare, Zürich, Switserland) is installed. A CTG is harvested from the palatal mucosa in the premolar area by means of the single-incision technique as described by De Bruyckere et al. (2015) (fig. 1). The CTG is pulled into the envelope and fixed with two sutures (Seralon 6/0, Serag Weissner, Naila, Germany). Tension-free primary wound closure with the same suture material is pursued around a provisional acrylic crown. Post-op instructions include the intake of systemic antibiotics during 4 days (Amoxicilline 1g, two times a day), anti-inflammatory medication as deemed necessary by the patient and oral disinfection twice a day during 1 week. Then, sutures are removed. After 3 months, the provisional crown will be replaced by a permanent crown by the general dentist.

Test group: soft tissue augmentation with CM In the test group, no CTG is harvested as it will be replaced by CM (Fibro-Gide, Geistlich Biomaterials, Wolhusen, Switserland). Apart from that, all pre-op, surgical and post-op procedures are identical in the control group and test group.

Prior to surgery (baseline = t0), at 3 months (t1), 1 year (t2) and 5 years (t3) an intra-oral optical scan of the implant site and neighboring teeth will be taken (Trios, 3shape, Copenhagen, Denmark). The region of interest (ROI) will be defined on STL files with a trapezoid shape encompassing the following borders: 1 mm apical to the midbuccal soft tissue level (coronal), the mucogingival junction (apical) and 1 mm distance from the neighbouring tooth at both sides (mesial, distal). This ROI may vary between patients due to anatomical variation but will be kept constant in each patient and site over time. The STL images of baseline and follow-up will be superimposed and matched using the best-fit algorithm at the adjacent tooth surfaces. The linear changes in BSP will be measured in the middle of the ROI, calculated by the software and expressed in mm corresponding to the mean distance between the surfaces representing the evaluated time points (t0, t1, t2, t3).

All patients are scheduled for suture removal and oral hygiene instructions after 1 week with registration of:

Postoperative bleeding, Pain and amount of anti-inflammatory medication taken, Oedema and Hematoma.

After 3 months, 1 year and 2 years, all patients are scheduled for a clinical and radiographic follow-up visit, including registration of mesial and distal marginal bone level. Intra-oral radiographs will be taken using the long-cone parallel technique. Bone levels will be assessed and defined as the distance from the implant-abutment interface to the first bone-to-implant contact to the nearest 0.1 mm. Clinical parameters ,such as probing pockets depths (mm), plaque (presence or absence) and bleeding on probing (presence or absence) are registered as well as vertical soft tissue levels at the midbuccal aspect to the nearest 0.5 mm. White and Pink esthetics are assessed according to Furhauser.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Buccal Soft Tissue Profile (BSP)

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Multicenter randomized controlled study with 2 treatment arms (control: connective tissue graft; test: collagen matrix) and 6 centers
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Investigators Outcome Assessors
It concerns a surgical intervention. Hence, the treating surgeon and patient cannot be masked. The investigators and outcome assessors are masked.

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Control group

Connective tissue graft harvested from the palate

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Soft tissue augmentation at the buccal aspect of single implants

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Soft tissue augmentation is performed following mucoperiosteal flap elevation at the buccal aspect of single implants. The connective tissue graft (control) or collagen matrix (test) is inserted in the buccal pouch and attached with monofilament sutures.

Collagen matrix

Pig-derived collagen matrix (Fibro-Gide, Geistlich Biomaterials, Wolhusen, Switserland)

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Soft tissue augmentation at the buccal aspect of single implants

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Soft tissue augmentation is performed following mucoperiosteal flap elevation at the buccal aspect of single implants. The connective tissue graft (control) or collagen matrix (test) is inserted in the buccal pouch and attached with monofilament sutures.

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Soft tissue augmentation at the buccal aspect of single implants

Soft tissue augmentation is performed following mucoperiosteal flap elevation at the buccal aspect of single implants. The connective tissue graft (control) or collagen matrix (test) is inserted in the buccal pouch and attached with monofilament sutures.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* at least 18 years old
* good oral hygiene defined as full-mouth plaque score ≤ 25%
* presence of a single tooth gap in the anterior maxilla (15-25) with both neighboring teeth present
* failing tooth at least 3 months earlier removed
* class I defect at the single tooth gap as clinically assessed (buccopalatal loss of tissue with a normal apicocoronal ridge height)
* buccopalatal bone dimension of at least 6 mm at the central and crestal aspect of the single tooth gap to ensure complete embedding of an implant by bone.

Exclusion Criteria

* systemic diseases
* smoking
* (history of) periodontal disease;
* untreated caries lesions
* need for horizontal bone augmentation at the time of implant placement
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

Osteology Foundation

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University Ghent

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

Ghent University

Ghent, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium

Site Status

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

Belgium

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

Burkhardt R, Hammerle CH, Lang NP; Research Group on Oral Soft Tissue Biology & Wound Healing. Self-reported pain perception of patients after mucosal graft harvesting in the palatal area. J Clin Periodontol. 2015 Mar;42(3):281-7. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12357. Epub 2015 Feb 16.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25544993 (View on PubMed)

De Bruyckere T, Eeckhout C, Eghbali A, Younes F, Vandekerckhove P, Cleymaet R, Cosyn J. A randomized controlled study comparing guided bone regeneration with connective tissue graft to re-establish convexity at the buccal aspect of single implants: A one-year CBCT analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2018 Nov;45(11):1375-1387. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13006.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30133718 (View on PubMed)

De Bruyckere T, Eghbali A, Younes F, De Bruyn H, Cosyn J. Horizontal stability of connective tissue grafts at the buccal aspect of single implants: a 1-year prospective case series. J Clin Periodontol. 2015 Sep;42(9):876-882. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12448. Epub 2015 Sep 16.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26373422 (View on PubMed)

Del Pizzo M, Modica F, Bethaz N, Priotto P, Romagnoli R. The connective tissue graft: a comparative clinical evaluation of wound healing at the palatal donor site. A preliminary study. J Clin Periodontol. 2002 Sep;29(9):848-54. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2002.290910.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12423299 (View on PubMed)

Eghbali A, Seyssens L, De Bruyckere T, Younes F, Cleymaet R, Cosyn J. A 5-year prospective study on the clinical and aesthetic outcomes of alveolar ridge preservation and connective tissue graft at the buccal aspect of single implants. J Clin Periodontol. 2018 Dec;45(12):1475-1484. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13018. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30290007 (View on PubMed)

Furhauser R, Florescu D, Benesch T, Haas R, Mailath G, Watzek G. Evaluation of soft tissue around single-tooth implant crowns: the pink esthetic score. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2005 Dec;16(6):639-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2005.01193.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16307569 (View on PubMed)

Hammerle CH, Araujo MG, Simion M; Osteology Consensus Group 2011. Evidence-based knowledge on the biology and treatment of extraction sockets. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012 Feb;23 Suppl 5:80-2. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02370.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22211307 (View on PubMed)

Huber S, Zeltner M, Hammerle CHF, Jung RE, Thoma DS. Non-interventional 1-year follow-up study of peri-implant soft tissues following previous soft tissue augmentation and crown insertion in single-tooth gaps. J Clin Periodontol. 2018 Apr;45(4):504-512. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12865. Epub 2018 Feb 1.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29290089 (View on PubMed)

Naenni N, Bienz SP, Benic GI, Jung RE, Hammerle CHF, Thoma DS. Volumetric and linear changes at dental implants following grafting with volume-stable three-dimensional collagen matrices or autogenous connective tissue grafts: 6-month data. Clin Oral Investig. 2018 Apr;22(3):1185-1195. doi: 10.1007/s00784-017-2210-3. Epub 2017 Sep 18.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28924826 (View on PubMed)

O'Leary TJ, Drake RB, Naylor JE. The plaque control record. J Periodontol. 1972 Jan;43(1):38. doi: 10.1902/jop.1972.43.1.38. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 4500182 (View on PubMed)

Seibert JS. Reconstruction of deformed, partially edentulous ridges, using full thickness onlay grafts. Part I. Technique and wound healing. Compend Contin Educ Dent (Lawrenceville). 1983 Sep-Oct;4(5):437-53. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 6578906 (View on PubMed)

Tan WL, Wong TL, Wong MC, Lang NP. A systematic review of post-extractional alveolar hard and soft tissue dimensional changes in humans. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012 Feb;23 Suppl 5:1-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02375.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22211303 (View on PubMed)

Thoma DS, Buranawat B, Hammerle CH, Held U, Jung RE. Efficacy of soft tissue augmentation around dental implants and in partially edentulous areas: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2014 Apr;41 Suppl 15:S77-91. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12220.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24641003 (View on PubMed)

Thoma DS, Naenni N, Benic GI, Hammerle CH, Jung RE. Soft tissue volume augmentation at dental implant sites using a volume stable three-dimensional collagen matrix - histological outcomes of a preclinical study. J Clin Periodontol. 2017 Feb;44(2):185-194. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12635. Epub 2017 Jan 3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27716970 (View on PubMed)

Thoma DS, Zeltner M, Hilbe M, Hammerle CH, Husler J, Jung RE. Randomized controlled clinical study evaluating effectiveness and safety of a volume-stable collagen matrix compared to autogenous connective tissue grafts for soft tissue augmentation at implant sites. J Clin Periodontol. 2016 Oct;43(10):874-85. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12588. Epub 2016 Aug 12.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27310522 (View on PubMed)

Tonetti MS, Jepsen S; Working Group 2 of the European Workshop on Periodontology. Clinical efficacy of periodontal plastic surgery procedures: consensus report of Group 2 of the 10th European Workshop on Periodontology. J Clin Periodontol. 2014 Apr;41 Suppl 15:S36-43. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12219.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24640999 (View on PubMed)

Van der Weijden F, Dell'Acqua F, Slot DE. Alveolar bone dimensional changes of post-extraction sockets in humans: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2009 Dec;36(12):1048-58. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01482.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19929956 (View on PubMed)

Zeltner M, Jung RE, Hammerle CH, Husler J, Thoma DS. Randomized controlled clinical study comparing a volume-stable collagen matrix to autogenous connective tissue grafts for soft tissue augmentation at implant sites: linear volumetric soft tissue changes up to 3 months. J Clin Periodontol. 2017 Apr;44(4):446-453. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12697. Epub 2017 Feb 11.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28107560 (View on PubMed)

Zucchelli G, Mounssif I, Mazzotti C, Montebugnoli L, Sangiorgi M, Mele M, Stefanini M. Does the dimension of the graft influence patient morbidity and root coverage outcomes? A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2014 Jul;41(7):708-16. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12256. Epub 2014 May 8.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24708394 (View on PubMed)

Surdiacourt L, Christiaens V, De Bruyckere T, De Buyser S, Eghbali A, Vervaeke S, Younes F, Cosyn J. A multi-centre randomized controlled trial comparing connective tissue graft with collagen matrix to increase soft tissue thickness at the buccal aspect of single implants: 3-Year results. J Clin Periodontol. 2025 Jan;52(1):92-101. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13975. Epub 2024 Mar 14.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 38485651 (View on PubMed)

Cosyn J, Eeckhout C, De Bruyckere T, Eghbali A, Vervaeke S, Younes F, Christiaens V. A multi-centre randomized controlled trial comparing connective tissue graft with collagen matrix to increase soft tissue thickness at the buccal aspect of single implants: 1-year results. J Clin Periodontol. 2022 Sep;49(9):911-921. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13691. Epub 2022 Jul 20.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 35781692 (View on PubMed)

Cosyn J, Eeckhout C, Christiaens V, Eghbali A, Vervaeke S, Younes F, De Bruyckere T. A multi-centre randomized controlled trial comparing connective tissue graft with collagen matrix to increase soft tissue thickness at the buccal aspect of single implants: 3-month results. J Clin Periodontol. 2021 Dec;48(12):1502-1515. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13560. Epub 2021 Oct 12.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 34605057 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

BOF.STG.2019.0004.01

Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT

Identifier Source: secondary_id

18-178

Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT

Identifier Source: secondary_id

18-178

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

More Related Trials

Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.