SCANREP: Reliability of 3D Lower Limb Scanning

NCT ID: NCT04032041

Last Updated: 2025-01-10

Study Results

Results available

Outcome measurements, participant flow, baseline characteristics, and adverse events have been published for this study.

View full results

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

TERMINATED

Total Enrollment

30 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-09-27

Study Completion Date

2022-07-05

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

3D limb scanning systems have recently been implemented for the clinical fitting of prosthetic and orthotic devices due to substantial decreases in costs. However, little data is available regarding the repeatability and validity of systems currently in use. In this study the investigators seek to evaluate the repeatability and validity of multiple lower limb measurements obtained using low-cost 3D limb scanning technology.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

Two groups of subjects will be recruited for this study. The first group (Group 1) will consist of healthy able-bodied individuals with no history of lower extremity trauma. The second group (Group 2) will consist of individuals with unilateral, below knee functional deficits that require an AFO (ankle foot orthosis) for daily activities (e.g. fracture, muscle and/or nerve injury, ankle arthritis, or peripheral neurologic disease).

The investigators will obtain a brief medical history to identify major medical conditions or prior injuries that could influence limb geometry, and lead to reliance on an AFO for Group 2 participants.

A 3D representation of each participant's lower limb geometry will be obtained using a Structure Core scanner (Occipital, Inc.) which uses an infrared structured light projector to construct a 3D image of an object. The scanner is connected to an iPad; to operate the user rotates the iPad camera around the desired object. In seconds, the entire geometry is digitally reconstructed. Measurements will be evaluated using digital imaging analysis software (Standard Cyborg, Inc.). The investigators will evaluate concurrent validity by directly comparing software-based measurements from limb scans, with direct measurements on the same individual collected using digital calipers. The investigators will determine repeatability of each technique by conducting three identical limb scans and actual physical measurements at two time points on the same day in each individual, and then comparing the results between time points. The interior of the AFO worn by participants in Group 2 will also be scanned to obtain its geometry for comparison with measurements obtained from each individual's limb.

Validity and repeatability will be assessed using measurements at multiple locations on the lower leg. Limb measurements will include 1) width of the metatarsal heads, 2) width of the calcaneus, 3) foot length, 4) foot height, 5) arch height, 6) medial-lateral width between ankle malleoli, 7) minimum circumference above the ankle malleoli, 8) maximum calf circumference , 9) medial-lateral width of the knee condyles 10) anterior-posterior width at mid patellar tendon, 11) distance from bottom of foot to tibial tubercle.

Concurrent validity will be determined using the intra-class correlation coefficient and absolute error (root mean square error) for comparisons between measurements from limb scanning and the calipers. Reliability will be determined using the intra-class correlation coefficient and the minimal detectable change value for comparisons over time.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Foot Injuries and Disorders

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Observational Model Type

COHORT

Study Time Perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Group 1: Healthy Able-bodied Individuals

Healthy able-bodied individuals with no history of lower extremity trauma.

Structure Sensor

Intervention Type DEVICE

A 3D representation of each participant's lower limb geometry will be obtained using a Structure Core scanner (Occipital, Inc.) which uses an infrared structured light projector to construct a 3D image of an object. The scanner is connected to an iPad; to operate the user rotates the iPad camera around the desired object. In seconds, the entire geometry is digitally reconstructed.

Caliper

Intervention Type DEVICE

Caliper: An OriginCal IP54 digital caliper (Anytime Inc, Granada Hills, CA) was used to take three consecutive physical measurements in millimeters at each identified measurement location. For measurements outside of the caliper's scope a tape measure was used in place of the caliper. Physical measuring devices were reset to zero between each measure.

Group 2: Individuals Requiring AFO Use

Individuals with unilateral, below knee functional deficits that require an AFO for daily activities (e.g. fracture, muscle and/or nerve injury, ankle arthritis, or peripheral neurologic disease).

Structure Sensor

Intervention Type DEVICE

A 3D representation of each participant's lower limb geometry will be obtained using a Structure Core scanner (Occipital, Inc.) which uses an infrared structured light projector to construct a 3D image of an object. The scanner is connected to an iPad; to operate the user rotates the iPad camera around the desired object. In seconds, the entire geometry is digitally reconstructed.

Caliper

Intervention Type DEVICE

Caliper: An OriginCal IP54 digital caliper (Anytime Inc, Granada Hills, CA) was used to take three consecutive physical measurements in millimeters at each identified measurement location. For measurements outside of the caliper's scope a tape measure was used in place of the caliper. Physical measuring devices were reset to zero between each measure.

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Structure Sensor

A 3D representation of each participant's lower limb geometry will be obtained using a Structure Core scanner (Occipital, Inc.) which uses an infrared structured light projector to construct a 3D image of an object. The scanner is connected to an iPad; to operate the user rotates the iPad camera around the desired object. In seconds, the entire geometry is digitally reconstructed.

Intervention Type DEVICE

Caliper

Caliper: An OriginCal IP54 digital caliper (Anytime Inc, Granada Hills, CA) was used to take three consecutive physical measurements in millimeters at each identified measurement location. For measurements outside of the caliper's scope a tape measure was used in place of the caliper. Physical measuring devices were reset to zero between each measure.

Intervention Type DEVICE

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* Ages: 18-75
* Healthy individuals without a current complaint of lower extremity pain, spine pain, active infections or medical or neuromusculoskeletal disorders that have limited participation in work or exercise in the last 6 months
* Ability to perform a full squat without pain
* Able to read and write in English and provide written informed consent


* Ages: 18-75
* Daily AFO use to address unilateral below knee functional deficits (e.g. fracture, muscle and/or nerve injury, ankle arthritis, or peripheral neurologic disease)
* Ability to stand independently without use of an assistive device (Cane, crutch, etc)
* Ability to safely bear full body weight on affected limb without use of an AFO or other protection
* Able to read and write in English and provide written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria

* Diagnosed moderate or severe brain injury
* Diagnosis of a physical or psychological condition that would preclude testing (e.g. cardiac condition, clotting disorder, pulmonary condition)
* Current complaint of pain or numbness in the spine
* Uncorrected visual or hearing impairments that limit the ability to understand or comply with instructions given during testing
* Require an assistive device
* Open/unhealed wounds on lower extremity.
* BMI greater than 35

GROUP 2


* Use of an AFO that crosses the knee (includes Knee brace or similar)
* Open/unhealed wounds on lower extremity
* Uncorrected visual or hearing impairments that limit the ability to understand or comply with instructions given during testing
* BMI greater than 35
* Diagnoses of a moderate to severe brain injury
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

75 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

University of Iowa

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Jason Wilken

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Jason M Wilken, PT, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Iowa

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

University of Iowa

Iowa City, Iowa, United States

Site Status

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

United States

Provided Documents

Download supplemental materials such as informed consent forms, study protocols, or participant manuals.

Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

201905871

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

More Related Trials

Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.

Orthotic Dose Response Study
NCT02629731 COMPLETED NA
Ankle Instability Using Foot Intensive Rehabilitation
NCT04493645 ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING NA