Effects of Regulatory Tools on Work Environment and Employee Health

NCT ID: NCT03855163

Last Updated: 2022-05-06

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

2555 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-03-05

Study Completion Date

2022-02-25

Brief Summary

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This study evaluates the effects of the Labour Inspection Authority's regulatory tools on workplace exposures to prevent employee ill health. Norwegian municipal enterprises with employees in the home care sector have been randomized to three different experimental groups and to one control group. We hypothesize a significant lower level of work environmental exposures and health complaints, after adjusting for pre-intervention measures, in the experimental groups compared to the control group.

Detailed Description

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A variety of work environmental exposures are shown to cause ill health. Compliance with occupational health and safety legislation and regulation is assumed to prevent work-related ill health. The Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority oversees that enterprises comply with the requirements of the working environment laws and regulations. The agency possesses two key regulatory tools to ensure compliance, i.e. inspections and guidance.

Inspections are used to check whether enterprises meet legal requirements. If inspectors reveal violations to legal requirements, the Labour Inspection Authority may respond with orders, coercive fines, and shutdown of operations and in worst-case report enterprises to the police.

Guidance are used to notify the enterprises of the legal requirements pertaining to work environmental standards, and to advice the employers and employee representatives concerning the most effective means of realizing compliance with the legal requirements.

Enterprises randomized to the experimental groups will receive one of three different intervention activities from the Labour Inspection Authority, i.e. targeted inspection visits, participation on a one-day workshop led by two inspectors on how to reach compliance with occupational health and safety (OHS) standards, or participation in an online risk assessment course for conducting written objectives in relation to health, environment and safety activities.

The interventions will be carried out at the organizational level (enterprise), whereas the effects of the interventions on working environment and health complaints will be measured at the individual level (employee). Two months before the Labour Inspection Authority perform their interventions, a baseline questionnaire assessing self-reported organizational, psychosocial and mechanical work factors and health complaints will be sent to all home-care workers employed in the included municipal enterprises. The effects of the different interventions on work environment and employee health will be evaluated through questionnaire measurements 6, 12 and 20 months post interventions.

Conditions

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Occupational Health Sick Leave Occupational Exposure

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

cluster-randomized controlled trial
Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Investigators
the study group assignment is kept hidden from the data-analysts and manuscript writers after allocation

Study Groups

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Inspection visits

Regulatory tool to ensure enterprise compliance with legal requirements

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Inspection visits

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Normative intervention aimed at enforcing compliance with legal occupational health and safety requirements

Guidance workshops

Regulatory tool applied to inform and advise enterprises on legal requirements and how to realize compliance with such requirements

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Guidance workshops

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Pedagogical intervention aimed to motivate managers and employee representatives to comply with legal occupational health and safety requirements

Online risk assessment tool

Regulatory tool applied to aid enterprises in conducting written objectives concerning health, environment and safety activities

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Online risk assessment tool

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Pedagogical intervention aimed to motivate managers and employee representatives to comply with legal occupational health and safety requirements

Control group

The Labour Inspection Authority will not preform any intervention activities in enterprises assign to the control group

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Inspection visits

Normative intervention aimed at enforcing compliance with legal occupational health and safety requirements

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Guidance workshops

Pedagogical intervention aimed to motivate managers and employee representatives to comply with legal occupational health and safety requirements

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Online risk assessment tool

Pedagogical intervention aimed to motivate managers and employee representatives to comply with legal occupational health and safety requirements

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* All employees in municipal enterprises that provide home care services with a minimum of 20 employees and a maximum of 100 employees.

Exclusion Criteria

* Employees in municipal enterprises that have received an inspection from the Labour Inspectorate in the years 2017 and 2018.
Minimum Eligible Age

16 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

67 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

National Institute of Occupational Health, Norway

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Håkon A Johannessen, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

National Institute of Occupational Health

Locations

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Hjemmetjenesten i Tysvær kommune

Tysvær, Aksdal, Norway

Site Status

Hjemmetjenesten i Averøy kommune

Vebenstad, Averøy, Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Evenes kommune

Evenes, Bogen, Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Dønna kommune

Dønnes, Dønna, Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Åsnes kommune

Åsnes, Flisa, Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Luster kommune

Luster, Gaupne, Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Nannestad kommune

Teigebyen, Nannestad, Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Storfjord kommune

Storfjord, Oteren, Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Åmot kommune

Åmot, Rena, Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Rendalen kommune

Redalen, Rendalen, Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Råde kommune

Moss, Råde, Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Gloppen kommune

Vereide, Sandane, Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Skjåk kommune

Skår, Skjåk, Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Sund kommune

Sund, Skogsvåg, Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Smøla kommune

Smørås, Smøla, Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Stord kommune

Leirvik, Stord, Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Trøgstad kommune

Mysen, Trøgstad, Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Giske kommune

Ålesund, Valderøya, Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Vang kommune

Vang, Valdres, Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Vega kommune

Nordland, Vega, Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Lindesnes kommune

Linnes, Vest-Agder, Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Andøy kommune

Andenes, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Askvoll kommune

Askvoll, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Aure kommune

Aure, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Aurland kommune

Aurland, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Ål kommune

Ål, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Åmli kommune

Åmli, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Årdal kommune

Årdalstangen, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Ballangen kommune

Ballangen, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Aurskog Høland kommune

Bjørkelangen, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Kvæfjord kommune

Borkenes, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Haram kommune

Brattvåg, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Hasvik kommune

Breivikbotn, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Time kommune

Bryne, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Kvænangen kommune

Burfjord, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Bø

Bø, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Nordre Land kommune

Dokka, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Drammen kommune

Drammen, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Drangedal kommune

Drangedal, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Frogn kommune

Drøbak, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Eide kommune

Eide, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Gulen kommune

Eivindvik, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Elverum kommune

Elverum, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Skånland kommune

Evenskjer, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Evje og Hornnes kommune

Evje, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Nord-Aurdal kommune

Fagernes, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Fauske kommune

Fauske, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Fedje kommune

Fedje, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Flekkefjord kommune

Flekkefjord, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Herøy kommune

Fosnavåg, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Fyresdal kommune

Fyresdal, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Gjerstad kommune

Gjerstad, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Gol kommune

Gol, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Hareid kommune

Hareid, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Øvre Eiker kommune

Hokksund, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Søndre Land kommune

Hov, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Ringerike kommune

Hønefoss, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Iveland kommune

Iveland, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Ullensaker kommune

Jessheim, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Jevnaker kommune

Jevnaker, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Strand kommune

Jørpeland, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Grue kommune

Kirkenær, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Klepp kommune

Kleppe, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Hemnes kommune

Korgen, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Kragerø kommune

Kragerø, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Kvinesdal kommune

Kvinesdal, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Bamble kommune

Langesund, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Sande kommune Møre og Romsdal

Larsnes, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Leikanger kommune

Leikanger, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Steigen kommune

Leinesfjorden, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Leirfjord kommune

Leirfjord, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Vestvågøy kommune

Leknes, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Lesja kommune

Lesja, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Lillesand

Lillesand, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Osterøy kommune

Lonevåg, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Lærdal kommune

Lærdal, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Løten kommune

Løten, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Midsund kommune

Midsund, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Rana kommune

Mo i Rana, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Målselv kommune

Moen, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Vefsen kommune

Mosjøen, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Eidsberg kommune

Mysen, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Nes kommune Buskerud

Nesbyen, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Songdalen kommune

Nodeland, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Kvam kommune

Norheimsund, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Notodden kommune

Notodden, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Odda kommune

Odda, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Sel kommune

Otta, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Sigdal kommune

Prestfoss, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Rakkestad kommune

Rakkestad, , Norway

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Randaberg kommune

Randaberg, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Re kommune

Re, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Risør kommune

Risør, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Tinn kommune

Rjukan, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Kvinnherad kommune

Rosendal, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Lunner kommune

Røa, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Nore og Uvdal kommune

Rødberg, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Hole kommune

Røyse, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Nord-Odal kommune

Sagstua, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Suldal kommune

Sand, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Sauda kommune

Sauda, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Hjartdal kommune

Sauland, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Selje kommune

Selje, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Seljord kommune

Seljord, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Sør-Odal kommune

Skarnes, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Hvaler kommune

Skjærhalden, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Sola kommune

Sola, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Spydeberg kommune

Spydeberg, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Stordal kommune

Stordal, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Nordreisa kommune

Storslett, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Sørfold kommune

Straumen, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Bø kommune Nordland

Straumsjøen, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Sunndal kommune

Sunndalsøra, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Sveio kommune

Sveio, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Vågan kommune

Svolvær, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Sykkylven kommune

Sykkylven, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Sørreisa kommune

Sørreisa, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Tvedestrand kommune

Tvedestrand, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Tynset kommune

Tynset, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Samnanger kommune

Tysse, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Tysnes kommune

Uggdal, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Vennesla kommune

Vennesla, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Vinje kommune

Vinje, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Nord-Fron kommune

Vinstra, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Volda kommune

Volda, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Vindafjord kommune

Ølen, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Marker kommune

Ørje, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Meløy kommune

Ørnes, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Gausdal kommune

Østre Gausdal, , Norway

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Hjemmetjenesten i Øyer kommune

Øyer, , Norway

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Countries

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Norway

References

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M. Dallner, A.-L. Elo, F. Gamberale, V. Hottinen, S. Knardahl, K. Lindström, A. Skogstad, E. Ørhede. Validation of the General Nordic Questionnaire (QPSNordic) for psychological and social factors at work. Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen (2000)

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Christensen JO, Nielsen MB, Finne LB, Knardahl S. Comprehensive profiles of psychological and social work factors as predictors of site-specific and multi-site pain. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2018 May 1;44(3):291-302. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3706. Epub 2018 Jan 11.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29325179 (View on PubMed)

Andersen JH, Malmros P, Ebbehoej NE, Flachs EM, Bengtsen E, Bonde JP. Systematic literature review on the effects of occupational safety and health (OSH) interventions at the workplace. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2019 Mar 1;45(2):103-113. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3775. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30370910 (View on PubMed)

Mischke C, Verbeek JH, Job J, Morata TC, Alvesalo-Kuusi A, Neuvonen K, Clarke S, Pedlow RI. Occupational safety and health enforcement tools for preventing occupational diseases and injuries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Aug 30;2013(8):CD010183. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010183.pub2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23996220 (View on PubMed)

Strand BH, Dalgard OS, Tambs K, Rognerud M. Measuring the mental health status of the Norwegian population: a comparison of the instruments SCL-25, SCL-10, SCL-5 and MHI-5 (SF-36). Nord J Psychiatry. 2003;57(2):113-8. doi: 10.1080/08039480310000932.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12745773 (View on PubMed)

Stromholm T, Pape K, Ose SO, Krokstad S, Bjorngaard JH. Psychosocial working conditions and sickness absence in a general population: a cohort study of 21,834 workers in Norway (The HUNT Study). J Occup Environ Med. 2015 Apr;57(4):386-92. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000362.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25851186 (View on PubMed)

Knutsen RH, Nielsen MB, Lunde LK, Fostervold KI, Johannessen HA. Sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders: A prospective cohort study. Int J Nurs Stud Adv. 2025 Jul 6;9:100376. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2025.100376. eCollection 2025 Dec.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 40851813 (View on PubMed)

Johannessen HA, Knardahl S, Emberland JS, Skare O, Finnanger Garshol B. Do regulatory tools instigate measures to prevent work-related psychosocial and ergonomic risk factors? A process evaluation of a Labour inspection authority trial in the Norwegian home-care services. BMC Res Notes. 2022 Nov 18;15(1):349. doi: 10.1186/s13104-022-06244-4.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 36401320 (View on PubMed)

Finnanger Garshol B, Knardahl S, Emberland JS, Skare O, Johannessen HA. Effects of the Labour Inspectorate Authority's regulatory tools on psychosocial and biomechanical work factors in Norwegian home care services: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Occup Environ Med. 2022 Dec;79(12):807-815. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108470. Epub 2022 Sep 27.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 36167785 (View on PubMed)

Indregard AR, Knardahl S, Emberland JS, Skare O, Johannessen HA. Effectiveness of the Labour Inspection Authority's regulatory tools for work environment and employee health: study protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial among Norwegian home-care workers. BMJ Open. 2019 Nov 26;9(11):e031226. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031226.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 31772092 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

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https://www.ssb.no/en/arbeid-og-lonn/statistikker/arbmiljo

Statistics Norway, Working environment, survey on living conditions

Other Identifiers

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201700498

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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