Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
78 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2019-01-01
2020-06-30
Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to determine the rate of complications in the 3 different groups of patients using the different types of drains under the skin in surgeries that involve removal of part of the skull.
All participants will undergo the required surgery to remove part of the skull (craniectomy). Participants will then be randomly assigned to either one of 3 groups which are the vacuum drain group, passive drain group or no drain group.Participants in the vacuum drain group will have vacuum drains inserted during the closing stage of the surgery. Participants in the passive drain group will have passive drains inserted during the closing stage of the surgery. Participants in the no drain group will have a drain inserted during the closing stage of the procedure but the drain will remained closed.
Data will then be collected and analysed to determine if the type of drains influence the rate of complications in craniectomy
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Detailed Description
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In addition to that, drains have been associated with complications. A few of them include wound infections, injury to tissues, source of discomfort and pain during removal, limiting mobility and additional scarring.
Of all the cranial surgeries, the most commonly performed surgery is decompressive craniectomy. This surgery has been an increasingly common surgical procedure for the neurosurgical community as there is clear evidence from numerous studies that support decompressive craniectomy as a life-saving surgical procedure in traumatic brain injury, malignant middle cerebral artery infarction and spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage.
Decompressive craniectomies have been associated with many complications including subdural effusions (49%), post-craniectomy hydrocephalus (14%), subgaleal hematomas and new remote hematomas (10.2%). These complications may just be due to the surgery itself. But it may still be possible that these complications are worsened or arise solely due to the routine use of the vacuum drain.
As the utility of decompressive craniectomy increases, efforts should be made to reduce the complications related to it. Studies have been done to optimize and standardize the technique of decompressive craniectomy but the necessity to use the vacuum drains and the possible contribution that these drains may have to the complications of decompressive craniectomies have been overlooked so far. There have been no randomized studies to compare usage of subgaleal vacuum drains, subgaleal passive drains and the omission of subgaleal drains in neurosurgical practice to date.
Usage of subgaleal vacuum drains for decompressive craniectomies have been the usual practice so far to prevent subgaleal hematoma collection. However, this practice is not backed by any strong evidence that these vacuum drains actually deter subgaleal hematoma collection. On top of that, these vacuum drains may itself be causing complications that have not been discovered before. The usual complications associated with prophylactic vacuum drains are surgical site infections and wound breakdown. There are other complications that could be attributed to the routine usage of prophylactic vacuum drains. These include new remote intracranial hematomas, post craniectomy hydrocephalus and bradycardia or hypotension during the skin closure stage of craniectomy.
The investigators plan to compare the complication rates of vacuum drains, passive drains and no drains in decompressive craniectomy. These 3 groups include a group with active vacuum drains, another group with passive non-vacuum drains and a group without any drains. The current practice is to use active or passive vacuum drains as prophylactic drains in patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy.
The complication rates to be studied are:
1. subgaleal hematoma thickness
2. new remote hematomas,
3. post craniectomy hydrocephalus,
4. surgical site infection,
5. wound breakdown,
6. bradycardia/hypotension during closing stage of craniectomy
7. and functional outcomes of patients at 6 months
If the rates of complications in the groups without a drain or a passive drain are lower or equal to that of the group with active drains, this study may change the paradigm of prophylactic drain usage in decompressive craniectomies
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
PREVENTION
DOUBLE
Study Groups
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No subgaleal drains
Drains will be placed during closing stage of craniectomy but will be clamped so that no drainage takes place. Drains can be opened if needed
No Redon subgaleal drains
A subgaleal drain will be placed during the closing stage of craniectomy but it will be clamped. The drain will be unclamped if necessary. Drain used is closed suction drain system (3.2 mm in outer diameter, 10 French, round and transparent polyvinyl chloride tube with a 400 mL Redon bottle spring evacuator chamber; Privac, Primed, Germany)
Passive subgaleal drains
Passive non-vacuum drains will be placed during closing stage of craniectomy
Passive Redon subgaleal drains
Passive non-vacuum subgaleal drains will be placed during closing stage of craniectomy. Drain used is closed suction drain system (3.2 mm in outer diameter, 10 French, round and transparent polyvinyl chloride tube with a 400 mL Redon bottle spring evacuator chamber; Privac, Primed, Germany)
Vacuum subgaleal drains
Active vacuum drains will be placed during closing stage of craniectomy
Vacuum Redon subgaleal drains
Active vacuum subgaleal drains will be placed during the closing stage of craniectomy. Drain used is closed suction drain system (3.2 mm in outer diameter, 10 French, round and transparent polyvinyl chloride tube with a 400 mL Redon bottle spring evacuator chamber; Privac, Primed, Germany)
Interventions
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Passive Redon subgaleal drains
Passive non-vacuum subgaleal drains will be placed during closing stage of craniectomy. Drain used is closed suction drain system (3.2 mm in outer diameter, 10 French, round and transparent polyvinyl chloride tube with a 400 mL Redon bottle spring evacuator chamber; Privac, Primed, Germany)
Vacuum Redon subgaleal drains
Active vacuum subgaleal drains will be placed during the closing stage of craniectomy. Drain used is closed suction drain system (3.2 mm in outer diameter, 10 French, round and transparent polyvinyl chloride tube with a 400 mL Redon bottle spring evacuator chamber; Privac, Primed, Germany)
No Redon subgaleal drains
A subgaleal drain will be placed during the closing stage of craniectomy but it will be clamped. The drain will be unclamped if necessary. Drain used is closed suction drain system (3.2 mm in outer diameter, 10 French, round and transparent polyvinyl chloride tube with a 400 mL Redon bottle spring evacuator chamber; Privac, Primed, Germany)
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Written informed consent by legal representative of patient
Exclusion Criteria
* patients with evidence of coagulopathy or thrombocytopenia from lab results
* possible disseminated intravascular coagulation preoperatively
* Presence of hydrocephalus preoperatively
0 Years
80 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Universiti Sains Malaysia
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Sam Jo Ee
Principal investigator
Principal Investigators
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Jo Ee Sam
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Hospital University Sains Malaysia
Locations
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Hospital University Sains Malaysia
Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
Sarawak General Hospital
Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
Countries
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References
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Other Identifiers
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VADER 1.0
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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