Effects of Freeze Dried Strawberry Powder Supplementation on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Gut Microbiome

NCT ID: NCT03522974

Last Updated: 2024-02-15

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

TERMINATED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

1 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-11-01

Study Completion Date

2021-03-23

Brief Summary

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Dietary interventions designed to promote health by increasing the consumption of particular health-promoting foods (e.g., strawberries) generally target blood pressure and LDL-C; however, CVD risk reduction may also be achieved via changes in emerging endpoints such as the gut microbiome. Previous research suggests that strawberries have the potential to reduce LDL-C, but it remains unclear whether there is a dose-response relationship. Moreover, few studies have evaluated effects on vascular health or characterized changes in the gut microbiome following daily strawberry consumption. Additionally, previous studies have largely been conducted among Caucasian populations. Given the demographics of the US, it is important to evaluate effects in study populations that include ethnicities that may have higher risk of type 2 diabetes and/or other CVD risk factors, such as Hispanics. This study aims to examine the effects of 4 weeks of supplementation with two doses of freeze dried strawberry powder (low dose: 13 g/d and high dose: 40 g/d) on: 1) LDL-C and blood pressure; 2) gut microbiome profile; and 3) other CVD and type 2 diabetes risk factors, including glucose, insulin, and inflammatory markers. Overweight (BMI 25-36 kg/m2) but otherwise healthy adults with moderately elevated LDL-C (\>3.0 mmol/L) and/or prehypertension (120-159/80-99 mm Hg) will be enrolled. This will optimize the potential for observing significant benefits on these outcomes. 50 eligible participants will be recruited with the expectation that at least 40 will complete the study. The placebo-controlled, crossover study design will allow for a direct comparison of dose-response within the same participant. The investigators anticipate that the bioactive components of strawberries will reduce LDL-C and blood pressure, and modify the gut microbiome, with greater changes on the high dose. There is preliminary evidence that polyphenol-rich foods can modify gut microbiota profiles, but this would be the first study to characterize the effects of daily strawberry consumption. The investigators are uniquely placed at the University of Arizona to enroll a larger percentage of Hispanic participants, who are often under-represented in clinical nutritional research. Results from the proposed study will improve understanding of how strawberries might promote health, and could provide further support for the incorporation of whole freeze dried fruit in dietary guidelines.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Cardiovascular Risk Factor

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Investigators

Study Groups

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Placebo

40 g/d placebo powder

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Placebo powder

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

40 g/d placebo powder matched for taste and appearance

Strawberry powder (high dose)

40 g/d freeze dried strawberry powder

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Strawberry powder

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Freeze dried strawberry powder

Strawberry powder (low dose)

13 g/d freeze dried strawberry powder

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Strawberry powder

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Freeze dried strawberry powder

Interventions

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Strawberry powder

Freeze dried strawberry powder

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Placebo powder

40 g/d placebo powder matched for taste and appearance

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* At least one of the following:

* LDL-C above 3.0 mmol/L (116 mg/dL)
* Systolic blood pressure of 120-159 mmHg
* Diastolic blood pressure of 80-99 mmHg
* Total cholesterol below 6.2 mmol/L (240 mg/dL)
* Triglycerides below 350 mg/dL

Exclusion Criteria

* Allergies to strawberries
* History of CVD, Stage II hypertension (BP ≥ 160/100 mmHg), kidney disease, diabetes, or inflammatory diseases such as GI disorders and rheumatoid arthritis
* Use of medications/supplements for elevated lipids, blood pressure, or glucose
* Chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressant drugs
* Conditions requiring chronic use of steroids
Minimum Eligible Age

30 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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University of Arizona

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Ann Skulas-Ray

Assistant Professor of Nutritional Sciences

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

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University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2015.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Basu A, Betts NM, Nguyen A, Newman ED, Fu D, Lyons TJ. Freeze-dried strawberries lower serum cholesterol and lipid peroxidation in adults with abdominal adiposity and elevated serum lipids. J Nutr. 2014 Jun;144(6):830-7. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.188169. Epub 2014 Mar 26.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24670970 (View on PubMed)

Jennings A, Welch AA, Fairweather-Tait SJ, Kay C, Minihane AM, Chowienczyk P, Jiang B, Cecelja M, Spector T, Macgregor A, Cassidy A. Higher anthocyanin intake is associated with lower arterial stiffness and central blood pressure in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Oct;96(4):781-8. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.042036. Epub 2012 Aug 22.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22914551 (View on PubMed)

Tuohy KM, Conterno L, Gasperotti M, Viola R. Up-regulating the human intestinal microbiome using whole plant foods, polyphenols, and/or fiber. J Agric Food Chem. 2012 Sep 12;60(36):8776-82. doi: 10.1021/jf2053959. Epub 2012 Jun 12.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22607578 (View on PubMed)

Richter CK, Skulas-Ray AC, Gaugler TL, Lambert JD, Proctor DN, Kris-Etherton PM. Incorporating freeze-dried strawberry powder into a high-fat meal does not alter postprandial vascular function or blood markers of cardiovascular disease risk: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Feb;105(2):313-322. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.141804. Epub 2016 Dec 21.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28003205 (View on PubMed)

Burton-Freeman B, Linares A, Hyson D, Kappagoda T. Strawberry modulates LDL oxidation and postprandial lipemia in response to high-fat meal in overweight hyperlipidemic men and women. J Am Coll Nutr. 2010 Feb;29(1):46-54. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2010.10719816.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20595645 (View on PubMed)

Zunino SJ, Parelman MA, Freytag TL, Stephensen CB, Kelley DS, Mackey BE, Woodhouse LR, Bonnel EL. Effects of dietary strawberry powder on blood lipids and inflammatory markers in obese human subjects. Br J Nutr. 2012 Sep;108(5):900-9. doi: 10.1017/S0007114511006027. Epub 2011 Nov 9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22068016 (View on PubMed)

Park E, Edirisinghe I, Wei H, Vijayakumar LP, Banaszewski K, Cappozzo JC, Burton-Freeman B. A dose-response evaluation of freeze-dried strawberries independent of fiber content on metabolic indices in abdominally obese individuals with insulin resistance in a randomized, single-blinded, diet-controlled crossover trial. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2016 May;60(5):1099-109. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201500845. Epub 2016 Mar 29.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26842771 (View on PubMed)

Erlund I, Koli R, Alfthan G, Marniemi J, Puukka P, Mustonen P, Mattila P, Jula A. Favorable effects of berry consumption on platelet function, blood pressure, and HDL cholesterol. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Feb;87(2):323-31. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/87.2.323.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18258621 (View on PubMed)

Vendrame S, Guglielmetti S, Riso P, Arioli S, Klimis-Zacas D, Porrini M. Six-week consumption of a wild blueberry powder drink increases bifidobacteria in the human gut. J Agric Food Chem. 2011 Dec 28;59(24):12815-20. doi: 10.1021/jf2028686. Epub 2011 Nov 18.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22060186 (View on PubMed)

Espin JC, Larrosa M, Garcia-Conesa MT, Tomas-Barberan F. Biological significance of urolithins, the gut microbial ellagic Acid-derived metabolites: the evidence so far. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:270418. doi: 10.1155/2013/270418. Epub 2013 May 28.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23781257 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Document Type: Informed Consent Form

View Document

Other Identifiers

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Strawberry Study

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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