Crystalloid Liberal or Vasopressors Early Resuscitation in Sepsis

NCT ID: NCT03434028

Last Updated: 2023-07-06

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

1563 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2018-03-07

Study Completion Date

2022-08-24

Brief Summary

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Multicenter, prospective, phase 3 randomized non-blinded interventional trial of fluid treatment strategies in the first 24 hours for patients with sepsis-induced hypotension. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of a restrictive fluids strategy (vasopressors first followed by rescue fluids) as compared to a liberal fluid strategy (fluids first followed by rescue vasopressors) on 90-day in-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis-induced hypotension.

Detailed Description

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Primary Hypothesis: Restrictive (vs liberal) fluid treatment strategy during the first 24 hours of resuscitation for sepsis-induced hypotension will reduce 90-day in-hospital mortality.

1. We will emphasize early screening and protocol initiation, and enroll a maximum of 2320 patients with suspected sepsis-induced hypotension.

* All patients will receive at least 1 liter of fluids prior to meeting study inclusion criteria (and no more than 3 liters prior to randomization).
* Patients will be enrolled within 4 hours of meeting study inclusion criteria
* Any type of isotonic crystalloid (normal saline, ringers lactate, or a balanced solution such as plasmalyte) is permitted.
2. Restrictive Fluids (Early Vasopressors) Group

* Norepinephrine will be used as preferred vasopressor and titrated to achieve mean arterial pressure (MAP) between 65 mmHg and 75 mmHg
* "Rescue fluids" may be administered as 500ml boluses if predefined rescue criteria are met
3. Liberal Fluids (Fluids First)

* 2 liter infusion upon enrollment (may forego second liter if MAP/SBP and heart rate are normalized and clinical assessment if patient is fluid replete after the first liter).
* Administer 500ml fluid boluses for fluid triggers until 5 liters administered or development of clinical signs of acute volume overload develop
* "Rescue vasopressors" may be administered after 5 liters of fluid, for development of acute volume overload, or if other predefined rescue criteria are met

Conditions

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Septic Shock

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Restrictive Fluids

The general approach will be to use vasopressors to treat hypotension as opposed to intravenous fluids. Maintenance fluids should not be used.

Group Type OTHER

Early Vasopressors

Intervention Type DRUG

Norepinephrine will be used as preferred vasopressor and titrated to achieve mean arterial pressure (MAP) between 65 mmHg and 75 mmHg. "Rescue fluids" may be administered as 500ml boluses if predefined rescue criteria are met.

Liberal Fluids

The general approach is to use fluid boluses to treat hypotension.

Group Type OTHER

Early Fluids

Intervention Type OTHER

Additional 2 liter intravenous fluid infusion upon enrollment (may forego second liter if MAP/SBP and heart rate are normalized and clinical assessment if patient is fluid replete after the first liter). Administer 500ml fluid boluses for fluid triggers until 5 liters administered or development of clinical signs of acute volume overload develop. "Rescue vasopressors" may be administered after 5 liters of fluid, for development of acute volume overload, or if other predefined rescue criteria are met. Any type of isotonic crystalloid (normal saline, ringers lactate, balanced solution such as plasmalyte) is permitted.

Interventions

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Early Vasopressors

Norepinephrine will be used as preferred vasopressor and titrated to achieve mean arterial pressure (MAP) between 65 mmHg and 75 mmHg. "Rescue fluids" may be administered as 500ml boluses if predefined rescue criteria are met.

Intervention Type DRUG

Early Fluids

Additional 2 liter intravenous fluid infusion upon enrollment (may forego second liter if MAP/SBP and heart rate are normalized and clinical assessment if patient is fluid replete after the first liter). Administer 500ml fluid boluses for fluid triggers until 5 liters administered or development of clinical signs of acute volume overload develop. "Rescue vasopressors" may be administered after 5 liters of fluid, for development of acute volume overload, or if other predefined rescue criteria are met. Any type of isotonic crystalloid (normal saline, ringers lactate, balanced solution such as plasmalyte) is permitted.

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

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Norepinephrine Balanced crystalloid solution

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Age ≥ 18 years
* A suspected or confirmed infection (broadly defined by administration or planned administration of antibiotics)
* Sepsis-induced hypotension defined as systolic blood pressure \< 100 mmHg or MAP \< 65 mmHg after a minimum of at least 1 liter of fluid (\*Fluids inclusive of pre-hospital fluids; blood pressure must be below any known or reported pre-morbid baseline).

* Patient already received 3 liters of intravenous fluid (includes prehospital volumes)
* Unable to obtain informed consent
* Known pregnancy
* Hypotension suspected to be due to non-sepsis cause (e.g. hemorrhagic shock)
* Blood pressure is at known or reported baseline level
* Severe Volume Depletion from an acute condition other than sepsis. In the judgment of the treating physician, the patient has an acute condition other than sepsis causing (or indicative) of \*severe volume depletion; Examples include: Diabetic ketoacidosis, high volume vomiting or diarrhea, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, and nonexertional hyperthermia (heat stroke); severe is defined by the need for substantial intravenous fluid administration as part of routine clinical care
* Pulmonary edema or clinical signs of new fluid overload (e.g. bilateral crackles, new oxygen requirement, new peripheral edema, fluid overload on chest x-ray)
* Treating physician unwilling to give additional fluids as directed by the liberal protocol
* Treating physician unwilling to use vasopressors as directed by the restrictive protocol.
* Current or imminent decision to withhold most/all life-sustaining treatment; this does not exclude those patients committed to full support except cardiopulmonary resuscitation
* Immediate surgical intervention planned such that study procedures could not be followed
* Prior enrollment in this study
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Massachusetts General Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Boyd Taylor Thompson

PETAL CCC Prinicipal Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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David Alan Schoenfeld, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Massachusetts General Hospital

Locations

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University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona, United States

Site Status

UCSF Fresno

Fresno, California, United States

Site Status

Ronald Reagan UCLA

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status

UCSF San Francisco

San Francisco, California, United States

Site Status

Stanford University Hospital

Stanford, California, United States

Site Status

University of Colorado Hospital

Aurora, Colorado, United States

Site Status

Denver Health Medical Center

Denver, Colorado, United States

Site Status

St. Joseph Hospital

Denver, Colorado, United States

Site Status

Yale New Haven Hospital

New Haven, Connecticut, United States

Site Status

Indiana University Health Methodist Hospital

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status

University of Kentucky

Lexington, Kentucky, United States

Site Status

University Medical Center (LSU)

New Orleans, Louisiana, United States

Site Status

Maine Medical Center

Portland, Maine, United States

Site Status

Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Brigham and Women's Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Beth Israel Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Brigham and Women's Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Baystate Medical Center

Springfield, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

St. Vincent Hospital

Worcester, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

University of Michigan Medical Center

Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States

Site Status

University of Minnesota Medical Center

Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

Site Status

Hennepin County Medical Center

Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

Site Status

University of Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi, United States

Site Status

Mt. Sinai Hospital

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Montefiore Medical Center

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Wake Forest Baptist Health

Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

University of Cincinnati Medical Center

Cincinnati, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Columbus, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Oregon Health and Science University OHSU

Portland, Oregon, United States

Site Status

Penn State Hershey Medical Center

Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Temple University Hospital

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

UPMC Mercy

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

UPMC Presbyterian

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

UPMC Shadyside

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina, United States

Site Status

Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Nashville, Tennessee, United States

Site Status

University of Texas Health Science Center

Houston, Texas, United States

Site Status

Intermountain Medical Center

Murray, Utah, United States

Site Status

McKay-Dee Hospital

Ogden, Utah, United States

Site Status

Utah Valley Regional Medical Center

Provo, Utah, United States

Site Status

University of Utah Health Sciences Center

Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

Site Status

LDS Hospital

Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

Site Status

University Virginia Medical Center

Charlottesville, Virginia, United States

Site Status

VCU Medical Center

Richmond, Virginia, United States

Site Status

Harborview Medical Center

Seattle, Washington, United States

Site Status

University of Washington Medical Center

Seattle, Washington, United States

Site Status

Swedish Hospital First Hill

Seattle, Washington, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Oshima K, Di Gravio C, Yan B, McMurtry SA, Burke R, Levoir LM, Kravitz MS, Stephenson D, Issaian A, Hansen KC, D'Alessandro A, Douglas IS, Self WH, Lindsell CJ, Schildcrout JS, Schmidt EP, Shapiro NI. Endothelial Glycocalyx Degradation in Sepsis: Analysis of the Crystalloid Liberal or Vasopressors Early Resuscitation in Sepsis (CLOVERS) Trial, a Multicenter, Phase 3, Randomized Trial. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2025 Sep;22(9):1382-1393. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202501-012OC.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 40315385 (View on PubMed)

Jorda A, Douglas IS, Staudinger T, Heinz G, Bergmann F, Oberbauer R, Sengolge G, Zeitlinger M, Jilma B, Shapiro NI, Gelbenegger G. Fluid management for sepsis-induced hypotension in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease: a secondary analysis of the CLOVERS trial. Crit Care. 2024 Jul 11;28(1):231. doi: 10.1186/s13054-024-05019-6.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 38992663 (View on PubMed)

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Prevention and Early Treatment of Acute Lung Injury Clinical Trials Network; Shapiro NI, Douglas IS, Brower RG, Brown SM, Exline MC, Ginde AA, Gong MN, Grissom CK, Hayden D, Hough CL, Huang W, Iwashyna TJ, Jones AE, Khan A, Lai P, Liu KD, Miller CD, Oldmixon K, Park PK, Rice TW, Ringwood N, Semler MW, Steingrub JS, Talmor D, Thompson BT, Yealy DM, Self WH. Early Restrictive or Liberal Fluid Management for Sepsis-Induced Hypotension. N Engl J Med. 2023 Feb 9;388(6):499-510. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2212663. Epub 2023 Jan 21.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 36688507 (View on PubMed)

Self WH, Semler MW, Bellomo R, Brown SM, deBoisblanc BP, Exline MC, Ginde AA, Grissom CK, Janz DR, Jones AE, Liu KD, Macdonald SPJ, Miller CD, Park PK, Reineck LA, Rice TW, Steingrub JS, Talmor D, Yealy DM, Douglas IS, Shapiro NI; CLOVERS Protocol Committee and NHLBI Prevention and Early Treatment of Acute Lung Injury (PETAL) Network Investigators. Liberal Versus Restrictive Intravenous Fluid Therapy for Early Septic Shock: Rationale for a Randomized Trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2018 Oct;72(4):457-466. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.03.039. Epub 2018 May 10.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 29753517 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol

View Document

Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Document Type: Informed Consent Form

View Document

Other Identifiers

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PETAL03 CLOVERS

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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