Smartphone-paired Breathalyzers and Loss- and Gain-framed Texts for Reducing Drinking and Driving
NCT ID: NCT03335735
Last Updated: 2018-08-08
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
58 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2017-12-21
2018-06-30
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
PREVENTION
SINGLE
Study Groups
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Loss-Framed Text Messages
Loss-framed text message
Loss-framed text message
Participants in the intervention group will receive loss-framed text messages related to drinking and driving on days during the week with a higher likelihood of alcohol consumption (Thursday-Saturday). Loss aversion refers to people's tendency to prefer avoiding losses to acquiring equivalent gains: it's better to not lose $5 than to find $5, so the content of the messages will be related to loss of personal freedom, loss of money, and loss of future employment opportunities due to Driving Under the Influence (DUI) convictions.
Control
Participants in this arm will not receive any intervention.
No interventions assigned to this group
Gain-Framed Messaging Group
Gain-framed text message
Gain-Framed text message
Participants in the intervention group will receive gain-framed text messages related to drinking and driving on days during the week with a higher likelihood of alcohol consumption (Thursday-Saturday). Gain-framed messages have been shown to have a positive effect on preventative healthcare and include content framed in a manner that the participant gains something from taking preventative action. Message content will be related to saving lives, gaining control, and making loved ones happy.
Interventions
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Loss-framed text message
Participants in the intervention group will receive loss-framed text messages related to drinking and driving on days during the week with a higher likelihood of alcohol consumption (Thursday-Saturday). Loss aversion refers to people's tendency to prefer avoiding losses to acquiring equivalent gains: it's better to not lose $5 than to find $5, so the content of the messages will be related to loss of personal freedom, loss of money, and loss of future employment opportunities due to Driving Under the Influence (DUI) convictions.
Gain-Framed text message
Participants in the intervention group will receive gain-framed text messages related to drinking and driving on days during the week with a higher likelihood of alcohol consumption (Thursday-Saturday). Gain-framed messages have been shown to have a positive effect on preventative healthcare and include content framed in a manner that the participant gains something from taking preventative action. Message content will be related to saving lives, gaining control, and making loved ones happy.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Reports an average of one heavy drinking day (men more than five drinks, women more than four drinks) per week over the preceding 8 weeks
* Has a valid photo identification (ID)
* Are willing and able to use an Uber or Lyft or septa as transportation home
* Drives four or more trips per week
* Owns an Apple iPhone or Android smartphone
Exclusion Criteria
* Alcohol use disorder rated as severe per DSM-V criteria
* Non-English-speaking
* Women who are pregnant
* Individuals who should not consume alcohol due to a medical condition such as liver disease, cancer, and seizure disorders. Participants will be asked to answer yes if they have any disorder that their doctor has suggested that they should not drink alcohol. If they are unsure or say I don't know the investigators will ask them to speak with their doctor prior to participation.
21 Years
39 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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University of Pennsylvania
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Kit Delgado, MD, MS
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Pennsylvania
Locations
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University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Countries
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References
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White A, Hingson R. The burden of alcohol use: excessive alcohol consumption and related consequences among college students. Alcohol Res. 2013;35(2):201-18.
Sloan FA, Eldred LM, Xu Y. The behavioral economics of drunk driving. J Health Econ. 2014 May;35:64-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2014.01.005. Epub 2014 Feb 11.
Naimi TS, Brewer RD, Mokdad A, Denny C, Serdula MK, Marks JS. Binge drinking among US adults. JAMA. 2003 Jan 1;289(1):70-5. doi: 10.1001/jama.289.1.70.
Matjasko JL, Cawley JH, Baker-Goering MM, Yokum DV. Applying Behavioral Economics to Public Health Policy: Illustrative Examples and Promising Directions. Am J Prev Med. 2016 May;50(5 Suppl 1):S13-S19. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.02.007.
Schneider TR, Salovey P, Apanovitch AM, Pizarro J, McCarthy D, Zullo J, Rothman AJ. The effects of message framing and ethnic targeting on mammography use among low-income women. Health Psychol. 2001 Jul;20(4):256-66. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.20.4.256.
Toll BA, O'Malley SS, Katulak NA, Wu R, Dubin JA, Latimer A, Meandzija B, George TP, Jatlow P, Cooney JL, Salovey P. Comparing gain- and loss-framed messages for smoking cessation with sustained-release bupropion: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Addict Behav. 2007 Dec;21(4):534-44. doi: 10.1037/0893-164X.21.4.534.
List JA, Samek AS. The behavioralist as nutritionist: leveraging behavioral economics to improve child food choice and consumption. J Health Econ. 2015 Jan;39:135-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2014.11.002. Epub 2014 Nov 21.
MacKillop J, Amlung MT, Few LR, Ray LA, Sweet LH, Munafo MR. Delayed reward discounting and addictive behavior: a meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2011 Aug;216(3):305-21. doi: 10.1007/s00213-011-2229-0. Epub 2011 Mar 4.
Petry NM, Martin B, Cooney JL, Kranzler HR. Give them prizes, and they will come: contingency management for treatment of alcohol dependence. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000 Apr;68(2):250-7. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.68.2.250.
Loewenstein G, Brennan T, Volpp KG. Asymmetric paternalism to improve health behaviors. JAMA. 2007 Nov 28;298(20):2415-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.298.20.2415. No abstract available.
Patel MS, Asch DA, Volpp KG. Wearable devices as facilitators, not drivers, of health behavior change. JAMA. 2015 Feb 3;313(5):459-60. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.14781. No abstract available.
Sobell LC, Brown J, Leo GI, Sobell MB. The reliability of the Alcohol Timeline Followback when administered by telephone and by computer. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1996 Sep;42(1):49-54. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(96)01263-x.
Case MA, Burwick HA, Volpp KG, Patel MS. Accuracy of smartphone applications and wearable devices for tracking physical activity data. JAMA. 2015 Feb 10;313(6):625-6. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.17841. No abstract available.
South EC, Kondo MC, Cheney RA, Branas CC. Neighborhood blight, stress, and health: a walking trial of urban greening and ambulatory heart rate. Am J Public Health. 2015 May;105(5):909-13. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302526. Epub 2015 Mar 19.
Byrnes HF, Miller BA, Wiebe DJ, Morrison CN, Remer LG, Wiehe SE. Tracking Adolescents With Global Positioning System-Enabled Cell Phones to Study Contextual Exposures and Alcohol and Marijuana Use: A Pilot Study. J Adolesc Health. 2015 Aug;57(2):245-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.04.013.
Patel MS, Asch DA, Rosin R, Small DS, Bellamy SL, Heuer J, Sproat S, Hyson C, Haff N, Lee SM, Wesby L, Hoffer K, Shuttleworth D, Taylor DH, Hilbert V, Zhu J, Yang L, Wang X, Volpp KG. Framing Financial Incentives to Increase Physical Activity Among Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Mar 15;164(6):385-94. doi: 10.7326/M15-1635. Epub 2016 Feb 16.
Provided Documents
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Document Type: Study Protocol
Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan
Related Links
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BacTrack Mobile Pro breathalyzer device
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Traffic Safety Facts: Alcohol-Impaired Driving.; 2015
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. BRFSS Prevalence \& Trends Data.; 2015
Other Identifiers
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827345
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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