Abatacept vs Tocilizumab for the Treatment of RA in TNF Alpha Inhibitor Inadequate Responders

NCT ID: NCT03227419

Last Updated: 2023-09-13

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

PHASE4

Total Enrollment

224 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2018-01-22

Study Completion Date

2024-11-30

Brief Summary

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory rheumatoid disease in France, affecting 0.3% of the general population. Without effective treatment, the persistent inflammation causes invalidating pain and joint destruction, leading to major functional disability.

Biological agents have been proposed for patients with RA who have the most severe form of the disease and that are inadequate responder patients to conventional synthetic Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs). TNF inhibitors (TNFi) are historically proposed as the first biological DAMRD for inadequate responder patients to csDMARDs. A diverse therapeutic arsenal has become available in recent years with the development of non-anti-TNFα drugs whose mechanisms of action are different from the classical TNFi. This new biotherapy class includes tocilizumab and abatacept, two drugs recently available for subcutaneous administration that enables ambulatory care for patients who would otherwise require repeated in-hospital care.

The role of these new treatments in the therapeutic strategy has been emphasized by studies that demonstrated their efficacy as first-line treatments. However, in clinical practice, TNFi remain the most common first-line treatment for the majority of patients, non-anti-TNFα biological agents being reserved for inadequate responder patients.

In second line, several studies have investigated therapeutic strategies for inadequate responder patients to TNFi. Current data suggest that it could be wise to change the therapeutic target after failure of a first-line treatment with TNFi.

Data about the comparative efficacy of different biologics proposed after failure of a first-line treatment with TNFi are in progress. Meta-analyses from registries and academic trials conducted in France and The Netherlands suggest that non-anti-TNFα agents would have equivalent or superior efficacy compared with a second TNFi. This finding suggests clinicians to switch for an alternate therapeutic target after failure of a first-line TNFi.

Data comparing different non-anti-TNFα biologics in inadequate responder patients to TNFi are scare. Industrial trials have demonstrated sustained biological efficacy of non-anti-TNFα biologics after failure of a TNFi. However, there is very little solid data on the direct comparison between them.

Detailed Description

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory rheumatoid disease in France, affecting 0.3% of the general population. Without effective treatment, the persistent inflammation causes invalidating pain and joint destruction, leading to major functional disability as well as progressive structural damage resulting in major joint deformity.

Biologic agents are taking on an increasingly important role in the management of patients with an inadequate response to conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs).

Biological DMARD (bDMARD) therapy consists in the use of monoclonal antibodies or fusion proteins, administered intravenously or subcutaneously. The earliest developed biologic agents have been available for more than 15 years. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, was the first cytokine successfully targeted by a biologic agent for RA treatment. TNF inhibitors (TNFi) are historically proposed as the first bDAMRD for inadequate responder patients to csDMARDs. More recently non-anti-TNFα drugs have emerged, with other biological targets such as interleukin-6 receptor (tocilizumab) or B- (rituximab) and T-lymphocytes (abatacept) that are implicated in the inflammatory response. Initially administered strictly intravenously, these drugs are now available in formulations adapted to subcutaneous administration, which allows ambulatory care for patients who otherwise would require repeated in-hospital care.

National and international guidelines, especially those issued in 2013 by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and also in 2013 by the French Society of Rheumatology now recommend first-line treatment not only with TNFi but also with non-anti-TNFα biologic agents. However, in routine practice, most clinicians preferably prescribe TNFi for the first-line regimen, reserving non-anti-TNFα drugs to TNFi inadequate responder patients.

There is a growing body of research focusing on first-line biologic agents but there is very little solid data on the direct randomized comparison between them. Actually, all three of the published studies have systematically compared a non-anti-TNFα biomedication versus TNFi (one study with a blinded design and two open studies).

The therapeutic strategy that should be adapted after failure of a TNFi regimen has also been investigated. Those studies favor non-anti-TNF drugs over an alternate TNFi.

There is adequate evidence of the efficacy of the different non-anti-TNFα biologic agents versus placebo after TNFi failure. In other hands, industrial trials have not provided any comparative data between drugs. An academic trial from The Netherlands using medico-economic performance as the primary outcome found no difference in efficacy between abatacept and rituximab (a non-anti-TNFα drug administered exclusively intravenously) after failure of a TNFi. Meta-analyses using data from care networks have not reported any difference between different non-anti-TNFα drugs after failure of a TNFi.

Data from national registries have provided interesting complementary information since in everyday practice these agents are generally used after failure of at least one TNFi. The Danish registry thus suggests that the therapeutic response would be better with tocilizumab than with abatacept. This observation was confirmed by an analysis of French registries data presented at the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) congress in November 2016 showing that tocilizumab exhibits superiority for treatment persistence over 2 years. These results were fully in agreement with the findings of the French ROC trial comparing intravenous administration of a second anti-TNFα drug versus a non-anti-TNFα agent after failure of an anti-TNFα drug that suggested a superiority of tocilizumab over abatacept in the subgroup of patients given a non-anti-TNFα agent. A recent Bayesian network meta-analysis showed better efficacy in the non-anti-TNFα groups for ACR20 in patients who responded insufficiently to an anti-TNFα.

Subcutaneous formulations have been recently developed for both tocilizumab and abatacept. Subcutaneous administration is important because it enables ambulatory care for a substantial number of patients who to date are recurrently hospitalized in day-care units for their intravenous infusions. Excepting specific situations, the subcutaneous formulation will be favored for a large majority of patients because of economic as well as practical considerations. Phase III trials have demonstrated the equivalence of the intravenous versus subcutaneous routes of administration focusing on efficacy and tolerance. The subcutaneous formulation is now also available for routine administration of both tocilizumab and abatacept. Nevertheless, despite large-scale industrial trials on drug equivalence, data issuing from clinical practice suggest a potential difference in the behavior of these two formulations which needs to be explored. Rituximab is apart in the treatment strategy because of its exclusive intravenous administration at spaced intervals and because it is used for specific patient profiles (extra-articular involvement, history of neoplasia, rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) positivity). There is no perspective for the development of a subcutaneous formulation of rituximab for RA patients. Furthermore, the routine treatment schedule for rituximab (one-time injections at a mean interval of 9 months) would compromise comparison, especially short-term comparison, with other subcutaneous treatments.

These findings illustrate the need for a new multicentric, prospective, randomized trial designed to demonstrate the superiority of tocilizumab over abatacept in patients exhibiting inadequate response to a first anti-TNFα. A direct comparison of subcutaneous formulation is the need for the promising route of administration for future ambulatory care.

Conditions

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Arthritis, Rheumatoid

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Prospective, multicentric, randomized, open-label, superiority trial.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Tocilizumab Prefilled Syringe

Market approval recommendations will be respected. Treatment should be started within 7 days of randomization.

The treatment protocol has no specific provision for treatment adaptation. Treatment will be managed in compliance with the marketing approval recommendations and drug labeling described below.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Tocilizumab Prefilled Syringe

Intervention Type DRUG

Treatment arm: tocilizumab (RoActemra®):

162 mg weekly a schema for therapeutic adaptation with injection intervals determined according to transaminase levels or blood cell counts (neutropenia, thrombopenia) as recommended by Roche-Chugaï (see table below).

Abatacept Prefilled Syringe

Market approval recommendations will be respected. Treatment should be started within 7 days of randomization.

The treatment protocol has no specific provision for treatment adaptation. Treatment will be managed in compliance with the marketing approval recommendations and drug labeling described below.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Abatacept Prefilled Syringe

Intervention Type DRUG

Treatment arm: abatacept (Orencia®)

125 mg weekly after an initial dose of 500 mg (body weight \<60kg), 750 mg (body weight between 60 and 100 kg), or 1000 mg (body weight \>100 mg) 24 hours before the first subcutaneous injection.

Interventions

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Tocilizumab Prefilled Syringe

Treatment arm: tocilizumab (RoActemra®):

162 mg weekly a schema for therapeutic adaptation with injection intervals determined according to transaminase levels or blood cell counts (neutropenia, thrombopenia) as recommended by Roche-Chugaï (see table below).

Intervention Type DRUG

Abatacept Prefilled Syringe

Treatment arm: abatacept (Orencia®)

125 mg weekly after an initial dose of 500 mg (body weight \<60kg), 750 mg (body weight between 60 and 100 kg), or 1000 mg (body weight \>100 mg) 24 hours before the first subcutaneous injection.

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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RoActemra Orencia

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* age \>18 years
* RA according to the ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria
* inadequate response to a subcutaneously administered first-line TNFi defined as moderate to high disease activity (DAS28-ESR\>3.2 and CDAI\>10) after at least 3 months of treatment with a TNFi
* beneficiary of the French National Health Insurance Fund
* signed informed consent form
* for women of childbearing age: effective contraception during treatment period with engagement to continue such contraception for 14 weeks after last administration

Exclusion Criteria

* counter-indication for one or other of the two drugs under study
* prior failure of the TNFi due to intolerance
* receiving ≥15 mg/day prednisone for more than 4 weeks
* pregnant or nursing women
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Lille Catholic University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Pascart Tristan, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

GHICL

Locations

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Hôpital Saint-Philibert

Lomme, Hauts-de-France, France

Site Status RECRUITING

Hôpital Avicenne

Bobigny, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

CHU de Bordeaux

Bordeaux, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

CH de Boulogne-sur-Mer

Boulogne-sur-Mer, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

Ch Cahors

Cahors, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

CHU de Clermont-Ferrand

Clermont-Ferrand, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

CHU de Grenoble Hôpital Sud

Grenoble, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

CHD Vendée

La Roche-sur-Yon, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

Hôpital Bicêtre

Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

CHRU de Lille

Lille, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

Clinique Infirmerie Protestante de Lyon

Lyon, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

CHU de Montpellier

Montpellier, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

CHU Nice

Nice, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

CHU Bichat

Paris, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

Hôpital Cochin

Paris, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière

Paris, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

Hôpital Lariboisière

Paris, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

CHU de Poitiers

Poitiers, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

CH René-Dubos

Pontoise, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

CHU de Reims

Reims, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

CHU Rouen

Rouen, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

CHU de Saint-Etienne

Saint-Etienne, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

CHU Saint-Etienne

Saint-Etienne, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

CHRU de Strasbourg

Strasbourg, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

CHU de Tours

Tours, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

CH de Valenciennes

Valenciennes, , France

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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France

Central Contacts

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Amélie Lansiaux, MD, PhD

Role: CONTACT

03 20 22 52 69 ext. +33

Jean-Jacques Vitagliano, PhD

Role: CONTACT

03 20 22 57 51

Facility Contacts

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Tristan Pascart, MD, PhD

Role: primary

Luca SEMERANO, MD

Role: primary

Marie-Elise TRUCHETET, MD

Role: primary

Christophe RICHEZ, MD

Role: backup

Renaud DESBARBIEUX, MD

Role: primary

Slim LASSOUED, MD

Role: primary

Martin SOUBRIER, MD, Pr

Role: primary

Anne TOURNADRE, MD, Pr

Role: backup

Athan BAILLET, MD, Pr

Role: primary

Grégoire CORMIER, MD

Role: primary

Stéphane VARIN, MD

Role: backup

Xavier MARIETTE, MD, Pr

Role: primary

Frédéric DESMOULINS, MD

Role: backup

René-Marc FLIPO, MD, Pr

Role: primary

André BASCH, MD

Role: primary

Jacques MOREL, MD, Pr

Role: primary

Véronique BREUIL, MD, Pr

Role: primary

Sébastien OTTAVIANI, MD

Role: primary

Jérôme AVOUAC, MD, Pr

Role: primary

Bruno FAUTREL, MD, Pr

Role: primary

Pascal RICHETTE, MD, Pr

Role: primary

Elisabeth GERVAIS, MD, Pr

Role: primary

Edouard PERTUISET, MD

Role: primary

Jean-Hugues SALMON, MD

Role: primary

Olivier VITTECOQ, MD, Pr

Role: primary

Hubert MAROTTE, MD

Role: primary

Hubert MAROTTE, MD

Role: primary

Jacques-Eric GOTTENBERG, MD, Pr

Role: primary

Isabelle GRIFFOUL, MD

Role: primary

Jessica RENE, MD

Role: backup

Xavier DEPREZ, MD

Role: primary

References

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Pascart T, Fautrel B, Gottenberg JE, Ducoulombier V, Richez C, Truchetet ME, Avouac J, Morel J, Basch A, Cormier G; SUNSTAR Study Group; CRI-IMIDIATE Network; Houvenagel E, Mariette X, Norberciak L. Abatacept versus tocilizumab for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in TNF inhibitor inadequate responders: study protocol of the SUNSTAR randomised controlled open-label superiority trial. BMJ Open. 2025 Jun 17;15(6):e098298. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-098298.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 40527572 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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RC-P0055

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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