Prospective Evaluation of Perioperative Steroid Dosing on Postsurgical Edema in Orthognathic Surgery

NCT ID: NCT03190642

Last Updated: 2021-08-03

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE4

Total Enrollment

180 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2018-01-01

Study Completion Date

2019-12-31

Brief Summary

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The current standard of care at the Oral and Maxillofacial Department at the CDHA is the use of one gram of methylprednisolone administered intravenously prior to orthognathic surgery. This is largely based on the work of Habal. The administration of one gram of methylprednisolone can be concerning for the anesthesiologist since this is an unusually large dose of steroid in comparison to use in other surgical specialties. As with most medications, the chances of steroid-related complications increase with increasing doses of steroids.

The researchers are proposing a prospective, double-blind randomized control trial to determine if a smaller dose of methylprednisolone (125mg) can be used safely and effectively instead of one gram of methylprednisolone.

Detailed Description

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Orthognathic surgery is a commonly performed surgery to correct facial functional and esthetic deformities. At the Atlantic Centre of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Halifax, Nova Scotia, over 300 of these surgeries are carried out yearly. Orthognathic surgery is comprised of procedures performed in both the maxilla and mandible which include Lefort 1, bilateral sagittal split and functional (BSSO) and functional genioplasty. Common sequelae after orthognathic surgery include post-operative pain and swelling.

Swelling occurs almost universally to some degree after orthognathic surgery. Steroid therapy has long been advocated for the reduction of post-operative swelling in oro-facial surgeries, as there is good evidence to support its use for this purpose. In 1978, Habal showed that one gram of methylprednisolone administered in a controlled dog model reduced post-operative swelling. He later carried this over to his practice of cosmetic facial surgeries. His studies have laid the much of the ground work for the use of steroid therapy in head and neck surgeries today.

Other studied benefits of steroid use in facial surgery include decreased post-operative pain, trismus, nausea and vomiting as well as decreased length of hospital stays. Complications of steroid use include compromised healing or infection, sleep disturbances, hyperglycemia, avascular necrosis of bone, steroid-related acne and adverse psychiatric effects.

The use of perioperative steroids as a means of swelling control is the current standard of care in the practice of orthognathic surgery. Despite this fact, there is little consensus on the ideal steroid regimen (i.e. type and dosing) to use for surgery. As such, the use of steroids in Oral and Maxillofacial surgical practices are based primarily on surgeon's preference and familiarity with a particular steroid regimen. This is likely due to the weak evidence in published literature in favor of a steroid regimen to mitigate post-operative swelling.

Most literature in favor of particular steroid regimens involves crude or arbitrary measurements of swelling. In 1978, Habal showed that one gram of methylprednisolone administered in a controlled dog model reduced post-operative swelling. This observation was made by a trained observer against a control group who received no steroid. Other studies have had trained observers look at post-operative photographs of patients who had undergone orthognathic surgery to stratify which had "more" or "less" swelling. Another study attempted to quantify the degree of post-operative swelling by measuring the distance between the earlobes under the chin. These authors acknowledged that this could be altered by the facial movements produced during orthognathic surgery and that better means of measurement of facial swelling should be employed in future research.

The current standard of care at the Oral and Maxillofacial Department at the CDHA is the use of one gram of methylprednisolone administered intravenously prior to orthognathic surgery. This is largely based on the work of Habal. The administration of one gram of methylprednisolone can be concerning for the anesthesiologist since this is an unusually large dose of steroid in comparison to use in other surgical specialties. As with most medications, the chances of steroid-related complications increase with increasing doses of steroids.

The researchers are proposing a prospective, double-blind randomized control trial to determine if a smaller dose of methylprednisolone (125mg) can be used safely and effectively instead of one gram of methylprednisolone, which is the current standard of care in our department. One hundred and twenty-five milligrams of methylprednisolone is a readily available dose of steroids and has been shown in several studies to be effective in the reduction of swelling after oral surgeries and other swelling-related conditions. In their systematic literature review of corticosteroid administration in oral and orthognathic surgery, Dan et al. concluded that a preoperative dose of methylprednisolone \>85mg results in a significant decrease in post-operative oedema. The researchers hypothesize that there will be little difference between groups with regards to primary study outcome measure of post-operative swelling.

Conditions

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Post-operative Edema Steroid Use

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Investigators

Study Groups

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1000mg methylprednisolone group

Evaluating effects of 1000mg of methylpresdnisolone administered immediately preoperatively and its effects on swelling.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Methylprednisolone

Intervention Type DRUG

Administration of 1000mg vs 125mg methylprednisolone preoperatively in orthognathic surgery.

125mg methylprednisolone group

Evaluating effects of 125mg of methylpresdnisolone administered immediately preoperatively and its effects on swelling.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Methylprednisolone

Intervention Type DRUG

Administration of 1000mg vs 125mg methylprednisolone preoperatively in orthognathic surgery.

Interventions

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Methylprednisolone

Administration of 1000mg vs 125mg methylprednisolone preoperatively in orthognathic surgery.

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Solumedrol

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* All patients age 14 and over undergoing orthognathic surgery at the Atlantic Centre of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Halifax, Nova Scotia will be included in our study. The clinic is located in the Victoria General Hospital in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Orthognathic surgery includes any combination of Lefort 1, Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy (BSSO) and functional genioplasty procedures.

Exclusion Criteria

* Patients with pertinent medical history that precludes the use of high-dose steroids will be excluded from our study. This includes:

* Known hypersensitivity to steroids
* Type 1 diabetic patients who may have a severe elevation of blood sugars with steroid use.
* Systemic fungal infections
* Arrested tuberculosis
* Herpes simplex keratitis
* Acute psychoses
* Cushing's syndrome
* Peptic ulcer disease
* Pregnant patients and patients with current infections will be excluded Breast feeding mother
Minimum Eligible Age

14 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Nova Scotia Health Authority

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Jean Charles Doucet

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Jean Charles Doucet

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

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QE II Health Sciences Center

Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

Site Status

Countries

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Canada

References

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Guernsey LH, DeChamplain RW. Sequelae and complications of the intraoral sagittal osteotomy in the mandibular rami. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1971 Aug;32(2):176-92. doi: 10.1016/0030-4220(71)90221-0. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 5284103 (View on PubMed)

Dan AE, Thygesen TH, Pinholt EM. Corticosteroid administration in oral and orthognathic surgery: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010 Sep;68(9):2207-20. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2010.04.019. Epub 2010 Jun 29.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20591548 (View on PubMed)

Habal MB, Powell RD. Experimental facial edema: treatment with methylprednisolone. J Surg Res. 1978 May;24(5):353-8. doi: 10.1016/0022-4804(78)90026-4. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 651330 (View on PubMed)

Habal MB. Prevention of postoperative facial edema with steroids after facial surgery. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1985;9(2):69-71. doi: 10.1007/BF01570331.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 4025052 (View on PubMed)

Chegini S, Dhariwal DK. Review of evidence for the use of steroids in orthognathic surgery. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012 Mar;50(2):97-101. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2010.11.019. Epub 2011 Feb 12.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21316821 (View on PubMed)

Huaman ET, Juvet LM, Nastri A, Denman WT, Kaban LB, Dodson TB. Changing patterns of hospital length of stay after orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008 Mar;66(3):492-7. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2007.08.025.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18280382 (View on PubMed)

Poetker DM, Reh DD. A comprehensive review of the adverse effects of systemic corticosteroids. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2010 Aug;43(4):753-68. doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2010.04.003.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20599080 (View on PubMed)

Precious DS, Hoffman CD, Miller R. Steroid acne after orthognathic surgery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1992 Sep;74(3):279-81. doi: 10.1016/0030-4220(92)90058-x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 1407985 (View on PubMed)

Galen DM, Beck M, Buchbinder D. Steroid psychosis after orthognathic surgery: a case report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1997 Mar;55(3):294-7. doi: 10.1016/s0278-2391(97)90546-2. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9054921 (View on PubMed)

Weber CR, Griffin JM. Evaluation of dexamethasone for reducing postoperative edema and inflammatory response after orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1994 Jan;52(1):35-9. doi: 10.1016/0278-2391(94)90010-8.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8263640 (View on PubMed)

Widar F, Kashani H, Alsen B, Dahlin C, Rasmusson L. The effects of steroids in preventing facial oedema, pain, and neurosensory disturbances after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015 Feb;44(2):252-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2014.08.002. Epub 2014 Oct 7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25304755 (View on PubMed)

van der Meer WJ, Dijkstra PU, Visser A, Vissink A, Ren Y. Reliability and validity of measurements of facial swelling with a stereophotogrammetry optical three-dimensional scanner. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014 Dec;52(10):922-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2014.08.019. Epub 2014 Sep 15.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25219776 (View on PubMed)

Lubbers HT, Medinger L, Kruse A, Gratz KW, Matthews F. Precision and accuracy of the 3dMD photogrammetric system in craniomaxillofacial application. J Craniofac Surg. 2010 May;21(3):763-7. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181d841f7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20485043 (View on PubMed)

Esen E, Tasar F, Akhan O. Determination of the anti-inflammatory effects of methylprednisolone on the sequelae of third molar surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999 Oct;57(10):1201-6; discussion 1206-8. doi: 10.1016/s0278-2391(99)90486-x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10513866 (View on PubMed)

Ichinose M, Sugiura H, Nagase H, Yamaguchi M, Inoue H, Sagara H, Tamaoki J, Tohda Y, Munakata M, Yamauchi K, Ohta K; Japanese Society of Allergology. Japanese guidelines for adult asthma 2017. Allergol Int. 2017 Apr;66(2):163-189. doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.12.005. Epub 2017 Feb 11.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28196638 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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OMFSTEROIDS

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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