Body Composition and Lipid Metabolism at Rest and During Exercise: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.
NCT ID: NCT03029364
Last Updated: 2024-05-14
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.
COMPLETED
114 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2018-01-08
2024-05-11
Brief Summary
Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.
1\) Whether whole body fat use during exercise is altered in individuals with overweight or obesity compared to lean individuals
3\) The intra-individual variability in whole-body fat use at rest and during exercise
4\) Physiological, metabolic, lifestyle and genetic characteristics that are associated with whole-body fat use at rest and during exercise
Therefore, the objectives of this study are three-fold:
1. To explore whether whole body fat use is associated with body composition
2. To explore associations between whole-body fat use and physiological, metabolic, lifestyle and genetic variables
3. To assess the intra-individual variability of whole-body fat use.
This study is an observational, exploratory cross-sectional study. A wide range of 'healthy' and 'at-risk of metabolic disease' adults will be recruited.
Participants will be asked to visit a laboratory at the University of Bath four times. Visit 1 is a screening and study familiarisation visit. Visits 2 and 3 are to be completed within 7-14 days and involve lifestyle monitoring (dietary and physical activity), a one-off urine and blood sample, assessment of fuel use at rest and during exercise (the latter through an incremental graded cycling exercise test to exhaustion). Visit 4 is to assess body composition via a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan in addition to an optional skeletal muscle and / or fat tissue biopsy.
Related Clinical Trials
Explore similar clinical trials based on study characteristics and research focus.
Dietary Correlates of the Maximal Capacity for Fat Oxidation
NCT02070055
Effect of Weight Loss on Body Composition and Metabolic Function in Women With Lipedema
NCT03271034
Effect of Exercise on Appetite, Gut Peptides and Butyrylcholinesterase Activity in Variants of the FTO Gene
NCT03025347
A Study of Adipose Tissue in Adaptive Responses to Exercise
NCT06053125
Physical Condition in Lipedema and Obesity
NCT01759004
Detailed Description
Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.
However, it is commonly proposed that a lower reliance upon fat as a fuel source is present in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes and consequently, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of such conditions (Rynders et al., 2017; Kelley and Mandarino, 2000). Alternatively, a high capacity to utilize fat under the aforementioned two situations is advocated to be a desirable trait for both athletes and non-athletes, presumably due to the perception that high rates of fat utilization may improve endurance performance and/or assist with the regulation of body fat and metabolic health. As such, much interest has been generated into upregulating fat utilization at appropriate times e.g. during fasting and low-to-moderate intensity exercise.
Correspondingly, lower resting and exercising fat use has been reported in individuals with obesity vs lean (e.g. Lanzi et al., 2014; Perez-Martin et al., 2001; Kelley et al., 1999). Furthermore, greater fat use at rest has been associated with lower future body weight and fat gain / regain (e.g. Shook et al., 2016; Seidell et al., 1992), and during exercise with reduced short term post-exercise energy intake / balance (e.g. Hopkins et al., 2012), exercise-induced fat loss (Barwell et al., 2008) and weight loss / maintenance (Dandadell et al., 2017). Importantly, however, this relationship is not always apparent with similar (e.g. Blaize et a., 2014; Croci et al., 2014) or higher (e.g. Ara et al., 2011; Goodpaster et al., 2002; Horowtiz et al., 2000) rates of fat use at rest and during exercise reported in individuals with obesity compared to lean counterparts. Furthermore, cross-sectional and prospective associations do not always exist between lower fat use and greater body weight / fat mass gain or regain (e.g. Dandanell et al., 2017; Ellis et al., 2010). Thus, despite being popularly advocated, it is currently unclear whether lower fat use at rest or during exercise predisposes or is a characteristic of excess adiposity (i.e. obesity).
The inconsistent findings could partly be due to numerous methodological discrepancies between studies such as participant characteristics, matching of comparative groups, the exercise protocol utilised and / or the assessment of body composition, lipid oxidation and cardio-respiratory fitness levels.
Therefore, through the use of well-established and respected techniques, we aim to comprehensively and systematically explore whether whole-body fat use at rest and during exercise is:
1. Altered in individuals with overweight or obesity compared to lean individuals
2. Further determinants / factors that may influence fat use
3. The intra-individual variation in fat use which will help to more confidently determine the above objectives.
Conditions
See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.
Study Design
Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.
COHORT
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Study Groups
Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.
Male and Female Adults
Completion of Study Protocol
Study Protocol
Participants will complete three study protocols 7 - 28 days apart which includes:
* 3 x main trial days (max. 150 mins) involving body composition analysis, indirect calorimetry, a blood sample, optional muscle and / or adipose tissue biopsies and a maximal cardiorespiratory fitness test.
* 2 x lifestyle monitoring periods (physical activity and diet) for the prior 7 days before each main trial day.
* Maintenance of habitual habits, dietary and physical activity behaviour patterns
We are observing biological / health parameters in a group of individuals who will be assessed under resting and exercising conditions. The current study does not involve an intervention.
Interventions
Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.
Study Protocol
Participants will complete three study protocols 7 - 28 days apart which includes:
* 3 x main trial days (max. 150 mins) involving body composition analysis, indirect calorimetry, a blood sample, optional muscle and / or adipose tissue biopsies and a maximal cardiorespiratory fitness test.
* 2 x lifestyle monitoring periods (physical activity and diet) for the prior 7 days before each main trial day.
* Maintenance of habitual habits, dietary and physical activity behaviour patterns
We are observing biological / health parameters in a group of individuals who will be assessed under resting and exercising conditions. The current study does not involve an intervention.
Eligibility Criteria
Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.
Inclusion Criteria
* male or female
* body mass index between 18.9 - 35 kg/m2
* be able and willing to give informed oral and written consent
* complete and meet the defined criteria of pre-study questionnaires and screens
Exclusion Criteria
* BMI below 18.9 or above 35 kg/m2
* Have plans to change lifestyle (diet and/or physical activity) during the study period ( 7 - 21 days)
* Unwillingness or unable to sufficiently meet study demands
18 Years
65 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.
University of Bath
OTHER
Responsible Party
Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.
Javier Gonzalez
Lecturer (Assistant Professor) in Human Physiology
Principal Investigators
Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.
Javier T Gonzalez, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Bath
Locations
Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.
Department for Health, University of Bath
Bath, , United Kingdom
Countries
Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.
References
Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.
Kelley DE, Mandarino LJ. Fuel selection in human skeletal muscle in insulin resistance: a reexamination. Diabetes. 2000 May;49(5):677-83. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.49.5.677.
Kelley DE, Mandarino LJ. Hyperglycemia normalizes insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose oxidation and storage in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest. 1990 Dec;86(6):1999-2007. doi: 10.1172/JCI114935.
ANDRES R, CADER G, ZIERLER KL. The quantitatively minor role of carbohydrate in oxidative metabolism by skeletal muscle in intact man in the basal state; measurements of oxygen and glucose uptake and carbon dioxide and lactate production in the forearm. J Clin Invest. 1956 Jun;35(6):671-82. doi: 10.1172/JCI103324. No abstract available.
Goodpaster BH, Sparks LM. Metabolic Flexibility in Health and Disease. Cell Metab. 2017 May 2;25(5):1027-1036. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.015.
Rynders CA, Blanc S, DeJong N, Bessesen DH, Bergouignan A. Sedentary behaviour is a key determinant of metabolic inflexibility. J Physiol. 2018 Apr 15;596(8):1319-1330. doi: 10.1113/JP273282. Epub 2017 Jul 4.
van Loon LJ, Greenhaff PL, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Saris WH, Wagenmakers AJ. The effects of increasing exercise intensity on muscle fuel utilisation in humans. J Physiol. 2001 Oct 1;536(Pt 1):295-304. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00295.x.
Romijn JA, Coyle EF, Sidossis LS, Gastaldelli A, Horowitz JF, Endert E, Wolfe RR. Regulation of endogenous fat and carbohydrate metabolism in relation to exercise intensity and duration. Am J Physiol. 1993 Sep;265(3 Pt 1):E380-91. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1993.265.3.E380.
Lanzi S, Codecasa F, Cornacchia M, Maestrini S, Salvadori A, Brunani A, Malatesta D. Fat oxidation, hormonal and plasma metabolite kinetics during a submaximal incremental test in lean and obese adults. PLoS One. 2014 Feb 11;9(2):e88707. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088707. eCollection 2014.
Perez-Martin A, Dumortier M, Raynaud E, Brun JF, Fedou C, Bringer J, Mercier J. Balance of substrate oxidation during submaximal exercise in lean and obese people. Diabetes Metab. 2001 Sep;27(4 Pt 1):466-74.
Kelley DE, Goodpaster B, Wing RR, Simoneau JA. Skeletal muscle fatty acid metabolism in association with insulin resistance, obesity, and weight loss. Am J Physiol. 1999 Dec;277(6):E1130-41. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1999.277.6.E1130.
Shook RP, Hand GA, Paluch AE, Wang X, Moran R, Hebert JR, Jakicic JM, Blair SN. High respiratory quotient is associated with increases in body weight and fat mass in young adults. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016 Oct;70(10):1197-1202. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.198. Epub 2015 Nov 25.
Seidell JC, Muller DC, Sorkin JD, Andres R. Fasting respiratory exchange ratio and resting metabolic rate as predictors of weight gain: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1992 Sep;16(9):667-74.
Hopkins M, Blundell JE, King NA. Individual variability in compensatory eating following acute exercise in overweight and obese women. Br J Sports Med. 2014 Oct;48(20):1472-6. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091721. Epub 2013 May 10.
Barwell ND, Malkova D, Leggate M, Gill JM. Individual responsiveness to exercise-induced fat loss is associated with change in resting substrate utilization. Metabolism. 2009 Sep;58(9):1320-8. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.04.016. Epub 2009 Jun 18.
Dandanell S, Husted K, Amdisen S, Vigelso A, Dela F, Larsen S, Helge JW. Influence of maximal fat oxidation on long-term weight loss maintenance in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2017 Jul 1;123(1):267-274. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00270.2017. Epub 2017 May 25.
Blaize AN, Potteiger JA, Claytor RP, Noe DA. Body fat has no effect on the maximal fat oxidation rate in young, normal, and overweight women. J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Aug;28(8):2121-6. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000512.
Croci I, Hickman IJ, Wood RE, Borrani F, Macdonald GA, Byrne NM. Fat oxidation over a range of exercise intensities: fitness versus fatness. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2014 Dec;39(12):1352-9. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0144. Epub 2014 Aug 1.
Ara I, Larsen S, Stallknecht B, Guerra B, Morales-Alamo D, Andersen JL, Ponce-Gonzalez JG, Guadalupe-Grau A, Galbo H, Calbet JA, Helge JW. Normal mitochondrial function and increased fat oxidation capacity in leg and arm muscles in obese humans. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011 Jan;35(1):99-108. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2010.123. Epub 2010 Jun 15.
Horowitz JF, Klein S. Oxidation of nonplasma fatty acids during exercise is increased in women with abdominal obesity. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000 Dec;89(6):2276-82. doi: 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.6.2276.
Goodpaster BH, Wolfe RR, Kelley DE. Effects of obesity on substrate utilization during exercise. Obes Res. 2002 Jul;10(7):575-84. doi: 10.1038/oby.2002.78.
Ellis AC, Hyatt TC, Hunter GR, Gower BA. Respiratory quotient predicts fat mass gain in premenopausal women. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Dec;18(12):2255-9. doi: 10.1038/oby.2010.96. Epub 2010 May 6.
Provided Documents
Download supplemental materials such as informed consent forms, study protocols, or participant manuals.
Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan
Other Identifiers
Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.
17/SW/0269
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
More Related Trials
Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.