Scopolamine Patch and Acupressure Point P6 Stimulation for Reduction of Nausea and Vomiting During Cesarean Section

NCT ID: NCT02960113

Last Updated: 2022-12-28

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE4

Total Enrollment

240 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2016-05-31

Study Completion Date

2021-09-30

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of reducing intra-cesarean section nausea and vomiting with regional anesthesia in subjects who will receive scopolamine patch with acupressure point P6 stimulation versus subjects that receive just scopolamine patch versus subjects that receive just acupressure point P6 stimulation.

Detailed Description

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Nausea and vomiting are very common and unpleasant events experienced during cesarean section under regional anesthesia and in the postoperative period following cesarean section. These side effects are distressing for both the parturient and her family. In addition, intraoperative vomiting causes significant challenges for the surgeon, such as increased procedure length, increased risk of bleeding, increased risk of gastric content aspiration, and potential surgical trauma.

To combat the nausea and vomiting seen in all above anesthetic modalities, but to a greater degree in regional anesthesia, a number of pharmacological interventions are currently used with varying degrees of effectiveness in the perioperative period. These medications come from a wide range of drug classes including serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonists, corticosteroids, antihistamines, sedatives and anticholinergics.

In our study, we would like to compare the effectiveness of antiemetic agents or technique which cause less severe adverse reactions to the mother and her fetus. Out of the available pharmacological agents for reduction of intra-cesarean section nausea and vomiting, transdermal scopolamine patch is one of the safest medications. We would like to compare the effectiveness of the transdermal scopolamine patch with acupressure point P6 stimulation versus just transdermal scopolamine patch versus just acupressure point P6 stimulation.

Conditions

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Nausea Vomiting Satisfaction

Keywords

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cesarean section acupressure point p6 scopolamine patch

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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scopolamine patch

Scopolamine patch will be placed on the skin behind the right ear 1 hour before initiation of the regional anesthesia for the duration of surgery.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

scopolamine patch

Intervention Type DRUG

Group I (n=80): Will receive scopolamine patch placement on the skin behind the right ear 1 hour before initiation of the regional anesthesia for the duration of surgery. The time of the application of the patch will be recorded, and the time of the start of the surgery will be recorded. The last time point for evaluation of patient's nausea/vomiting will be when the patient arrives to the post anesthesia care unit. A member of the research team will remove the patch from the patient and properly dispose the patch upon arrival to the post anesthesia care unit.

acupressure point P6

Acupressure point P6 stimulation will be placed on the distal right forearm just above the crest of the wrist.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

acupressure point P6

Intervention Type DEVICE

Group II (n=80): Will receive acupressure point P6 stimulation. This is a stimulation of the chi channel at the master of the heart (MH8 position) at the small depression of the volar surface of the distal right forearm just above the crest of the wrist. The device will be put on the patients in the operating room prior to administration of the regional anesthesia and will be removed after the cesarean section is complete. The device will be removed from the patient in the operating room, before the patient is transported to the recovery room. Patients will receive continuous stimulation at a level that is comfortable for her prior to administration of the standardized regional anesthesia.

scopolamine patch + acupressure point P6

Will receive both scopolamine patch and acupressure point P6 stimulation, as described above.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

scopolamine patch

Intervention Type DRUG

Group I (n=80): Will receive scopolamine patch placement on the skin behind the right ear 1 hour before initiation of the regional anesthesia for the duration of surgery. The time of the application of the patch will be recorded, and the time of the start of the surgery will be recorded. The last time point for evaluation of patient's nausea/vomiting will be when the patient arrives to the post anesthesia care unit. A member of the research team will remove the patch from the patient and properly dispose the patch upon arrival to the post anesthesia care unit.

acupressure point P6

Intervention Type DEVICE

Group II (n=80): Will receive acupressure point P6 stimulation. This is a stimulation of the chi channel at the master of the heart (MH8 position) at the small depression of the volar surface of the distal right forearm just above the crest of the wrist. The device will be put on the patients in the operating room prior to administration of the regional anesthesia and will be removed after the cesarean section is complete. The device will be removed from the patient in the operating room, before the patient is transported to the recovery room. Patients will receive continuous stimulation at a level that is comfortable for her prior to administration of the standardized regional anesthesia.

Interventions

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scopolamine patch

Group I (n=80): Will receive scopolamine patch placement on the skin behind the right ear 1 hour before initiation of the regional anesthesia for the duration of surgery. The time of the application of the patch will be recorded, and the time of the start of the surgery will be recorded. The last time point for evaluation of patient's nausea/vomiting will be when the patient arrives to the post anesthesia care unit. A member of the research team will remove the patch from the patient and properly dispose the patch upon arrival to the post anesthesia care unit.

Intervention Type DRUG

acupressure point P6

Group II (n=80): Will receive acupressure point P6 stimulation. This is a stimulation of the chi channel at the master of the heart (MH8 position) at the small depression of the volar surface of the distal right forearm just above the crest of the wrist. The device will be put on the patients in the operating room prior to administration of the regional anesthesia and will be removed after the cesarean section is complete. The device will be removed from the patient in the operating room, before the patient is transported to the recovery room. Patients will receive continuous stimulation at a level that is comfortable for her prior to administration of the standardized regional anesthesia.

Intervention Type DEVICE

Other Intervention Names

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Transderm-Scop Scopace Maldemar

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Female subjects ages 18 to 45
2. Subjects with ASA Class I or II
3. Subjects with elective primary or repeat cesarean delivery
4. Subjects who receive spinal and/or epidural anesthesia
5. English and non-English speaking subjects will be included in the study

Exclusion Criteria

1. Female subjects \<18 years of age
2. Subjects requiring emergent cesarean delivery
3. Gestational age \< 37 weeks
4. History of placenta accreta
5. Multiple gestation pregnancy
6. ASA status III or higher
7. Current history of pregnancy induced hypertension, pre-eclampsia, or eclampsia
8. History of any chronic medication use (other than prenatal vitamins), including inhaler medications
9. Current urinary tract infection, pneumonia, or otitis media
10. Coagulopathies or skin infections overlying the spine
11. History of open angle glaucoma, seizures or psychosis
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

45 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Shaul Cohen, M.D.

Director of Obstetric Anesthesia

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Shaul Cohen, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital

Locations

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Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital

New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Hawkins JL, Koonin LM, Palmer SK, Gibbs CP. Anesthesia-related deaths during obstetric delivery in the United States, 1979-1990. Anesthesiology. 1997 Feb;86(2):277-84. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199702000-00002.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9054245 (View on PubMed)

Ezri T, Szmuk P, Evron S, Geva D, Hagay Z, Katz J. Difficult airway in obstetric anesthesia: a review. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2001 Oct;56(10):631-41. doi: 10.1097/00006254-200110000-00022.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11590314 (View on PubMed)

Malvasi A, Tinelli A, Stark M, Pontrelli G, Brizzi A, Wetzl RG, Benhamou D. Low-dose sequential combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia in elective Stark caesarean section: a preliminary cohort study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2010 Mar;14(3):215-21.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20391961 (View on PubMed)

Afolabi BB, Lesi FE. Regional versus general anaesthesia for caesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Oct 17;10(10):CD004350. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004350.pub3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23076903 (View on PubMed)

Riley ET, Cohen SE, Macario A, Desai JB, Ratner EF. Spinal versus epidural anesthesia for cesarean section: a comparison of time efficiency, costs, charges, and complications. Anesth Analg. 1995 Apr;80(4):709-12. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199504000-00010.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 7893022 (View on PubMed)

Balki M, Carvalho JC. Intraoperative nausea and vomiting during cesarean section under regional anesthesia. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2005 Jul;14(3):230-41. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2004.12.004.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15935649 (View on PubMed)

Paranjothy S, Griffiths JD, Broughton HK, Gyte GM, Brown HC, Thomas J. Interventions at caesarean section for reducing the risk of aspiration pneumonitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Feb 5;2014(2):CD004943. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004943.pub4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24497372 (View on PubMed)

Flake ZA, Linn BS, Hornecker JR. Practical selection of antiemetics in the ambulatory setting. Am Fam Physician. 2015 Mar 1;91(5):293-6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25822385 (View on PubMed)

Golembiewski J, Chernin E, Chopra T. Prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2005 Jun 15;62(12):1247-60; quiz 1261-2. doi: 10.1093/ajhp/62.12.1247.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15947124 (View on PubMed)

Apfel CC, Zhang K, George E, Shi S, Jalota L, Hornuss C, Fero KE, Heidrich F, Pergolizzi JV, Cakmakkaya OS, Kranke P. Transdermal scopolamine for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Ther. 2010 Nov;32(12):1987-2002. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2010.11.014.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21118734 (View on PubMed)

Renner UD, Oertel R, Kirch W. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in clinical use of scopolamine. Ther Drug Monit. 2005 Oct;27(5):655-65. doi: 10.1097/01.ftd.0000168293.48226.57.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16175141 (View on PubMed)

Lee A, Fan LT. Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point P6 for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Apr 15;(2):CD003281. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003281.pub3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19370583 (View on PubMed)

Allen TK, Habib AS. P6 stimulation for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Anesth Analg. 2008 Oct;107(4):1308-12. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31816d1864.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18806045 (View on PubMed)

Quinla JD, Hill DA. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Am Fam Physician. 2003 Jul 1;68(1):121-8.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12887118 (View on PubMed)

Belluomini J, Litt RC, Lee KA, Katz M. Acupressure for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a randomized, blinded study. Obstet Gynecol. 1994 Aug;84(2):245-8.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8041539 (View on PubMed)

Griffiths JD, Gyte GM, Popham PA, Williams K, Paranjothy S, Broughton HK, Brown HC, Thomas J. Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 May 18;5(5):CD007579. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007579.pub3.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 34002866 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol

View Document

Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Document Type: Informed Consent Form

View Document

Other Identifiers

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Pro20160000234

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id