Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
2349 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2015-09-30
2020-07-31
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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We hypothesize that these healthy school interventions will result in normalized BMI distributions that are more in line with national and international standards (smaller standard deviations) among primary school children, with a more pronounced effect in the full intervention schools (due to the expected synergy between exercise and diet) than in the partial intervention schools. Also, our multi-disciplinary research group will study a wide range of outcome measures, including lifestyle behaviours, academic achievement, child well-being, socio-economic differences, and societal costs. Moreover, an evaluation will be performed of the legal consequences of a healthy school approach in the Netherlands, as well as the conflicting interests of the stakeholders. Data collection is conducted within the school system. The interventions proceed during a period of four years. The baseline measurements started in September 2015 and yearly follow-up measurements are taking place until 2019.
Our primary research question is: What is the effect of the full intervention ('The Healthy Primary School of the Future') on the BMI of primary school children compared to no intervention (control schools)? Our secondary research question is: What is the effect of the full intervention on the BMI of primary school children compared to the partial intervention ('The Physical Activity School')? Our tertiary research questions are: (1) What is the effect of the full intervention in comparison with the partial intervention and the regular school approach (control schools) on: (a) children's levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour, nutritional knowledge, healthy food preferences and behaviour, cognitive and non-cognitive performance, Health related-QoL, socio-emotional development, and sick leave? (b) parenting and teacher practices regarding physical activity and nutrition? (c) parental HR-QoL, well-being, labour participation and sick leave? (d) benefits across different socio-economic backgrounds? (e) long and short term cost-effectiveness? (f) satisfaction among the involved stakeholders (children, parents, teachers, and child care partners)? (2) Which determinants influence the quality of the implementation of the intervention? (3) What is the scope of children's human rights to health, what is the legal role of primary schools in realizing these rights (e.g., obligations and responsibilities of state and non-state actors, conflicts of interests and legal solutions to these conflicts), and is the intervention feasible within Dutch educational law?
A whole-school approach is a new concept in the Netherlands. Due to its innovative, multifaceted nature and sound scientific foundation, these integrated programmes have the potential to form a template for primary schools worldwide. The effects of this approach may extend further than the outcomes associated with well-being and academic achievement, potentially impacting legal and cultural aspects in our society.
Conditions
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Study Design
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NON_RANDOMIZED
FACTORIAL
PREVENTION
NONE
Study Groups
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Full intervention group
The full intervention ('The Healthy Primary School of the Future') is implemented in two schools involving extended school hours in which healthy nutrition, physical exercise, environmental, social, and educational activities are incorporated, during a period of four years.
The Healthy Primary School of the Future
In two out of four intervention schools, a whole-school approach named 'The Healthy Primary School of the Future', is implemented with the aim of improving physical activity and dietary behaviour. For this intervention, pupils are offered an extended curriculum, including a healthy lunch, more physical exercises, and social and educational activities, next to the regular school curriculum.
Partial intervention group
The partial intervention ('The Physical Activity School') is implemented in two other schools: involving extended school hours in which healthy nutrition, physical exercise, environmental, social, and educational activities are incorporated, during a period of four years. Hence, this intervention only differs from the full intervention on the absence of nutritional intervention. Instead, children bring their own food from home, as they normally do.
The Physical Activity School
In the two other intervention schools, a physical-activity school approach called 'The Physical Activity School', is implemented, which is essentially similar to the other intervention, except that no lunch is provided.
Control group
Four primary schools will function as control schools. The control schools have a representative Dutch school environment in terms of lifestyle education, school hours and amount of Physical Education (PE) lessons.
No interventions assigned to this group
Interventions
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The Healthy Primary School of the Future
In two out of four intervention schools, a whole-school approach named 'The Healthy Primary School of the Future', is implemented with the aim of improving physical activity and dietary behaviour. For this intervention, pupils are offered an extended curriculum, including a healthy lunch, more physical exercises, and social and educational activities, next to the regular school curriculum.
The Physical Activity School
In the two other intervention schools, a physical-activity school approach called 'The Physical Activity School', is implemented, which is essentially similar to the other intervention, except that no lunch is provided.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
4 Years
12 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Maastricht University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Onno van Schayck, Prof. Dr.
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Professor at Maastricht University
References
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Hahnraths MTH, Willeboordse M, van Assema P, Winkens B, van Schayck CP. The Effects of the Healthy Primary School of the Future on Children's Fruit and Vegetable Preferences, Familiarity and Intake. Nutrients. 2021 Sep 17;13(9):3241. doi: 10.3390/nu13093241.
Oosterhoff M, Jolani S, De Bruijn-Geraets D, van Giessen A, Bosma H, van Schayck OCP, Joore MA. BMI trajectories after primary school-based lifestyle intervention: Unravelling an uncertain future. A mixed methods study. Prev Med Rep. 2021 Jan 7;21:101314. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101314. eCollection 2021 Mar.
Oosterhoff M, Over EAB, van Giessen A, Hoogenveen RT, Bosma H, van Schayck OCP, Joore MA. Lifetime cost-effectiveness and equity impacts of the Healthy Primary School of the Future initiative. BMC Public Health. 2020 Dec 9;20(1):1887. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09744-9.
Oosterhoff M, van Schayck OCP, Bartelink NHM, Bosma H, Willeboordse M, Winkens B, Joore MA. The Short-Term Value of the "Healthy Primary School of the Future" Initiative: A Social Return on Investment Analysis. Front Public Health. 2020 Aug 21;8:401. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00401. eCollection 2020.
Palacios Temprano J, Eichholtz P, Willeboordse M, Kok N. Indoor environmental quality and learning outcomes: protocol on large-scale sensor deployment in schools. BMJ Open. 2020 Mar 16;10(3):e031233. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031233.
Bartelink NHM, van Assema P, Kremers SPJ, Savelberg HHCM, Oosterhoff M, Willeboordse M, van Schayck OCP, Winkens B, Jansen MWJ. Can the Healthy Primary School of the Future offer perspective in the ongoing obesity epidemic in young children? A Dutch quasi-experimental study. BMJ Open. 2019 Oct 31;9(10):e030676. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030676.
Bartelink NHM, van Assema P, Jansen MWJ, Savelberg HHCM, Moore GF, Hawkins J, Kremers SPJ. Process evaluation of the healthy primary School of the Future: the key learning points. BMC Public Health. 2019 Jun 6;19(1):698. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-6947-2.
Boudewijns EA, Pepels JJS, van Kann D, Konings K, van Schayck CP, Willeboordse M. Non-response and external validity in a school-based quasi-experimental study 'The Healthy Primary School of the Future': A cross-sectional assessment. Prev Med Rep. 2019 Apr 17;14:100874. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100874. eCollection 2019 Jun.
Oosterhoff M, Joore MA, Bartelink NHM, Winkens B, Schayck OCP, Bosma H. Longitudinal analysis of health disparities in childhood. Arch Dis Child. 2019 Aug;104(8):781-788. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2018-316482. Epub 2019 Apr 4.
Willeboordse M, Jansen MW, van den Heijkant SN, Simons A, Winkens B, de Groot RH, Bartelink N, Kremers SP, van Assema P, Savelberg HH, de Neubourg E, Borghans L, Schils T, Coppens KM, Dietvorst R, Ten Hoopen R, Coomans F, Klosse S, Conjaerts MH, Oosterhoff M, Joore MA, Ferreira I, Muris P, Bosma H, Toppenberg HL, van Schayck CP. The Healthy Primary School of the Future: study protocol of a quasi-experimental study. BMC Public Health. 2016 Jul 26;16:639. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3301-9.
Related Links
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Official website about this project for various stakeholders (in Dutch)
Other Identifiers
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UM MOVARE GGD
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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