The Impact of Home Delivery of Antiretroviral Therapy on Virological Suppression

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

2172 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2016-03-31

Study Completion Date

2018-02-28

Brief Summary

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Home delivery of antiretroviral therapy (ART) by community health workers (CHWs) has the potential to reduce key barriers to ART care retention. The aim of this study is to determine whether CHW-led home delivery of ART for patients who are stable on ART combined with facility-based care for those not stable on ART is non-inferior to the standard of care (facility-based care for all ART patients) in achieving and maintaining virological suppression. The primary endpoint of this trial is the proportion of ART patients (regardless of whether they were clinically stable on ART at enrollment) who are in viral failure at the end of the study period. The non-inferiority design applies only to this primary endpoint. The margin of non-inferiority was set at a Risk Ratio (comparing intervention to control) of 1.45. This is a cluster-randomized controlled trial set in Dar es Salaam. The unit of randomization is a healthcare facility with its surrounding neighborhoods (the 'catchment area'). We matched all 48 healthcare facilities offering ART services and having affiliated public-sector CHWs in Dar es Salaam into pairs (stratified by district) based on having a similar number of patients currently on ART. In each pair, one cluster was randomized to the intervention and one to the control arm. The intervention consists of home visits by CHWs to provide counseling and deliver ART to patients who are stable on ART, while the control is the standard of care (facility-based ART care and CHW home visits at least every three months without ART home delivery). In addition, within each study arm, half of the healthcare facilities were randomized to enhanced CHW-led nutrition counseling and half to standard counseling.

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Detailed Description

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Conditions

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HIV Community Health Workers Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

FACTORIAL

Primary Study Purpose

HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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ART home delivery + enhanced nutrition counseling

Community health workers visit participants at home (maintaining patients' prior clinic visit frequency) to deliver antiretroviral therapy (ART) and to provide standard plus enhanced nutrition counseling.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

ART home delivery

Intervention Type OTHER

Community health workers visit participants who are clinically stable on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at home (maintaining patients' prior clinic visit frequency) to deliver ART. Clinically stable on ART was defined as 1) taking ART for at least six months, 2) having had a CD4-cell count \>350 cells/μL or a suppressed viral load at six or more months after ART initiation, and 3) the patient's most current CD4-cell count must have been \>350 cells/μL or the most current viral load must have shown viral suppression, with the last measurement not taken more than 12 months ago.

Enhanced nutrition counseling

Intervention Type OTHER

Community health workers visit participants at home to provide standard counseling (focusing on family planning, prevention of HIV transmission, and ART adherence) plus enhanced nutrition counseling (covering food production and dietary advice). In addition, participants who state that they have access to a plot of land or garden to grow vegetables receive a pack of seeds (amaranth, cowpea, or pumpkin) at enrolment.

ART home delivery + no enhanced nutrition counseling

Community health workers visit participants at home (maintaining patients' prior clinic visit frequency) to deliver antiretroviral therapy (ART) and to provide standard counseling.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

ART home delivery

Intervention Type OTHER

Community health workers visit participants who are clinically stable on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at home (maintaining patients' prior clinic visit frequency) to deliver ART. Clinically stable on ART was defined as 1) taking ART for at least six months, 2) having had a CD4-cell count \>350 cells/μL or a suppressed viral load at six or more months after ART initiation, and 3) the patient's most current CD4-cell count must have been \>350 cells/μL or the most current viral load must have shown viral suppression, with the last measurement not taken more than 12 months ago.

No ART home delivery + enhanced nutrition counseling

Community health workers visit participants at home to provide enhanced nutrition counseling. Participants will not receive ART home delivery.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Enhanced nutrition counseling

Intervention Type OTHER

Community health workers visit participants at home to provide standard counseling (focusing on family planning, prevention of HIV transmission, and ART adherence) plus enhanced nutrition counseling (covering food production and dietary advice). In addition, participants who state that they have access to a plot of land or garden to grow vegetables receive a pack of seeds (amaranth, cowpea, or pumpkin) at enrolment.

Standard of care

Participants in this arm receive facility-based ART care and no enhanced nutrition counseling. They receive community health worker visits as per the standard of care in Dar es Salaam.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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ART home delivery

Community health workers visit participants who are clinically stable on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at home (maintaining patients' prior clinic visit frequency) to deliver ART. Clinically stable on ART was defined as 1) taking ART for at least six months, 2) having had a CD4-cell count \>350 cells/μL or a suppressed viral load at six or more months after ART initiation, and 3) the patient's most current CD4-cell count must have been \>350 cells/μL or the most current viral load must have shown viral suppression, with the last measurement not taken more than 12 months ago.

Intervention Type OTHER

Enhanced nutrition counseling

Community health workers visit participants at home to provide standard counseling (focusing on family planning, prevention of HIV transmission, and ART adherence) plus enhanced nutrition counseling (covering food production and dietary advice). In addition, participants who state that they have access to a plot of land or garden to grow vegetables receive a pack of seeds (amaranth, cowpea, or pumpkin) at enrolment.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Having attended one of the participating healthcare facilities for ART care during the enrolment period
* Living in a neighborhood that is in the healthcare facility's catchment area