Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Surgical Trial

NCT ID: NCT02076113

Last Updated: 2025-08-19

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

269 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2014-04-01

Study Completion Date

2025-12-30

Brief Summary

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The purpose of the study is to determine the optimal surgical approach (ventral vs dorsal) for patients with multi-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). There are no established guidelines for the management of patients with CSM, which represents the most common cause of spinal cord injury and dysfunction in the US and in the world.

This study aims to test the hypothesis that ventral surgery is associated with superior Short Form-36 physical component Score (SF-36 PCS) outcome at one year follow-up compared to dorsal approaches and that both ventral and dorsal surgery improve symptoms of spinal cord dysfunction measured using the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association Score (mJOA). A secondary hypothesis is that health resource utilization for ventral surgery, dorsal fusion, and laminoplasty surgery are different. A third hypothesis is that cervical sagittal balance post-operatively is a significant predictor of SF-36 PCS outcome.

Detailed Description

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Patients' images will be transmitted electronically (without identifying information) to a group of 15 CSM surgeon investigators for their expert opinion. They will provide their opinion on surgical strategy. Equipoise for randomization will be established using this spinal experts network polling mechanism.

If randomized, the patient will be randomized to one of the two treatment approaches - either Ventral (front) (treatment A) or Dorsal (back) (treatment B) approach. If randomized to treatment A (front surgery), the patient will receive decompression/fusion from the front of the neck. If randomized to treatment B (dorsal/back surgery), then the patient and their surgeon will select which posterior procedure they will receive (either dorsal decompression/fusion or dorsal laminoplasty).

Treatment A: Decompression/fusion from the front of the neck.

Treatment B: Dorsal/posterior neck surgery (one of the two surgical procedures listed below):

Dorsal decompression/fusion or dorsal laminoplasty (no fusion)

Functional outcomes will be determined using well-known quantitative scales (SF-36, Oswestry Neck Disability Index (NDI), mJOA, and EuroQol-5D). These instruments will be administered pre-op, 3 months, 6 months, and at 1 year. Additionally, functional outcomes instruments (SF-36, Oswestry Neck Disability Index, and EuroQol-5D) will be collected annually at years 2,3,4 and 5.

Pre-op imaging will include a cervical MRI and cervical CT as well as cervical flexion/extension films and standing cervical-thoracic-lumbar-sacral x-ray . A cervical MRI will be performed at 3 months. At 1 year (randomized patients only) will undergo cervical flexion/ extension xrays and standing cervical-thoracic-lumbar-sacral x-ray . A cervical CT will be performed only if the Oswestry NDI score is \> 30.

Conditions

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Cervical Spondylosis With Myelopathy

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Ventral

Ventral Decompression with Fusion

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Ventral (Front) decompression with Fusion

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Ventral decompression and fusion will be performed using a multi-level discectomy (including partial or single level corpectomy) with fusion and plating. Allograft will be used at each disc space and all compressive osteophytes will be removed using the operating microscope. Fixation will be performed with rigid, semi-constrained, or dynamic titanium plates to optimize fusion and minimize complications.

Dorsal

Dorsal Decompression with Fusion or Dorsal Laminoplasty

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Dorsal (Back) Decompression with Fusion

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Dorsal decompression and fusion will be performed using midline cervical laminectomy with the application of lateral mass screws and rods for rigid fixation. All surgeons will use local bone and allograft as needed to perform a lateral mass fusion, which typically will include one level rostral to the levels decompressed.

Dorsal (back) Laminoplasty

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Laminoplasty will be performed using an open-door approach with the application of plates and screws at each treated level. Ceramic or allograft laminar spacers (surgeon's choice) can be used with plates and screws to expand the canal diameter.

Interventions

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Ventral (Front) decompression with Fusion

Ventral decompression and fusion will be performed using a multi-level discectomy (including partial or single level corpectomy) with fusion and plating. Allograft will be used at each disc space and all compressive osteophytes will be removed using the operating microscope. Fixation will be performed with rigid, semi-constrained, or dynamic titanium plates to optimize fusion and minimize complications.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Dorsal (Back) Decompression with Fusion

Dorsal decompression and fusion will be performed using midline cervical laminectomy with the application of lateral mass screws and rods for rigid fixation. All surgeons will use local bone and allograft as needed to perform a lateral mass fusion, which typically will include one level rostral to the levels decompressed.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Dorsal (back) Laminoplasty

Laminoplasty will be performed using an open-door approach with the application of plates and screws at each treated level. Ceramic or allograft laminar spacers (surgeon's choice) can be used with plates and screws to expand the canal diameter.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Other Intervention Names

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Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) Posterior decompression and fusion

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* CSM (≥2 levels of spinal cord compression from C3 to C7)
* Present with ≥2 of the following symptoms/signs: clumsy hands, gait disturbance, hyperreflexia, up going toes, bladder dysfunction.

Exclusion Criteria

* C2-C7 kyphosis\>5º (measured in standing neutral cervical spine radiograph),
* Segmental kyphotic deformity (defined by ≥3 osteophytes extending dorsal to a C2-C7 dorsal-caudal line measured on cervical spine CT),
* Structurally significant ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL - measured on cervical spine CT),
* Previous cervical spine surgery
* Significant active health-related co-morbidity (Anesthesia Class IV or higher).
Minimum Eligible Age

45 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

80 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Lahey Clinic

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Zoher Ghogawala, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Lahey Clinic, Inc.

Locations

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University of California- San Francisco

San Francisco, California, United States

Site Status

Emory

Atlanta, Georgia, United States

Site Status

University of Kansas Medical Center

Kansas City, Kansas, United States

Site Status

Lahey Hospital and Medical Center

Burlington, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Washington University School of Medicine- St. Louis

St Louis, Missouri, United States

Site Status

Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School

Newark, New Jersey, United States

Site Status

Hospital for Special Surgery

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Columbia

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Site Status

MetroHealth

Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Thomas Jefferson University Hospital

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

University of Utah Health Sciences

Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

Site Status

University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin, United States

Site Status

Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States

Site Status

University Health Network-University of Toronto

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Site Status

Countries

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United States Canada

References

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Ghogawala Z, Martin B, Benzel EC, Dziura J, Magge SN, Abbed KM, Bisson EF, Shahid J, Coumans JV, Choudhri TF, Steinmetz MP, Krishnaney AA, King JT Jr, Butler WE, Barker FG 2nd, Heary RF. Comparative effectiveness of ventral vs dorsal surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Neurosurgery. 2011 Mar;68(3):622-30; discussion 630-1. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0b013e31820777cf.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21164373 (View on PubMed)

Ghogawala Z, Coumans JV, Benzel EC, Stabile LM, Barker FG 2nd. Ventral versus dorsal decompression for cervical spondylotic myelopathy: surgeons' assessment of eligibility for randomization in a proposed randomized controlled trial: results of a survey of the Cervical Spine Research Society. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007 Feb 15;32(4):429-36. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000255068.94058.8a.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17304133 (View on PubMed)

Ghogawala Z, Benzel EC, Heary RF, Riew KD, Albert TJ, Butler WE, Barker FG 2nd, Heller JG, McCormick PC, Whitmore RG, Freund KM, Schwartz JS. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy surgical trial: randomized, controlled trial design and rationale. Neurosurgery. 2014 Oct;75(4):334-46. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000000479.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24991714 (View on PubMed)

Roguski M, Benzel EC, Curran JN, Magge SN, Bisson EF, Krishnaney AA, Steinmetz MP, Butler WE, Heary RF, Ghogawala Z. Postoperative cervical sagittal imbalance negatively affects outcomes after surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2014 Dec 1;39(25):2070-7. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000641.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25419682 (View on PubMed)

Ghogawala Z, Terrin N, Dunbar MR, Breeze JL, Freund KM, Kanter AS, Mummaneni PV, Bisson EF, Barker FG 2nd, Schwartz JS, Harrop JS, Magge SN, Heary RF, Fehlings MG, Albert TJ, Arnold PM, Riew KD, Steinmetz MP, Wang MC, Whitmore RG, Heller JG, Benzel EC. Effect of Ventral vs Dorsal Spinal Surgery on Patient-Reported Physical Functioning in Patients With Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021 Mar 9;325(10):942-951. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.1233.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 33687463 (View on PubMed)

Miranda SP, Whitmore RG, Kanter A, Mummaneni PV, Bisson EF, Barker FG 2nd, Harrop J, Magge SN, Heary RF, Fehlings MG, Albert TJ, Arnold PM, Riew KD, Steinmetz MP, Wang MC, Heller JG, Benzel EC, Ghogawala Z. Patients May Return to Work Sooner After Laminoplasty: Occupational Outcomes of the Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Surgical Trial. Neurosurgery. 2025 Jan 1;96(1):131-141. doi: 10.1227/neu.0000000000003048. Epub 2024 Jun 24.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 38912784 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan: CSM-S Randomized Clinical Trial - Primary Outcome - SF-36

View Document

Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Plan

View Document

Related Links

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https://www.pcori.org

Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute

Other Identifiers

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CE-1304-6173

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

LCID: 2013-085

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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