Flax Muffins and Cholesterol Lowering

NCT ID: NCT01821131

Last Updated: 2024-02-02

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

76 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2014-01-31

Study Completion Date

2025-01-31

Brief Summary

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This Clinical Trial is being conducted to study the LDL (bad) cholesterol lowering abilities of flax. The purpose of this study is to find the lowest dose of flax that can lower LDL-cholesterol.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Above Optimal Plasma LDL Concentrations

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

TRIPLE

Participants Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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30g ground flaxseed per day

consume 1 muffin containing 30g ground flaxseed every day for 4 weeks

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

muffin

Intervention Type OTHER

20g ground flaxseed per day

consume 1 muffin containing 20g ground flaxseed every day for 4 weeks

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

muffin

Intervention Type OTHER

0g ground flaxseed per day

consume 1 muffin containing 0g ground flaxseed every day for 4 weeks

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

muffin

Intervention Type OTHER

Interventions

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muffin

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* male and non-pregnant/non-lactating female
* Body mass index 18.5-40.0 kg/m2
* Fasting plasma LDL cholesterol 2.6-5.0 mmol/L
* Regular dietary habits (ie. breakfast, lunch and dinner meals consumed daily)
* Willing to comply with protocol requirements
* Willing to provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria

* Medical history of cardiovascular disease, use of cholesterol-lowering or blood pressure-lowering medications
* Fasting plasma triglycerides ≥ 4.0 mmol/L
* Medical history of diabetes mellitus, fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or use of insulin or oral medication to control blood sugar
* Medical history of gastrointestinal disease, daily use of any stomach acid-lowering medications or laxatives (including fibre supplements) within the past month or antibiotic use within the past 6 weeks
* Medical history of inflammatory disease (ie. Systemic lupus erythematosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis)
* Medical history of liver disease or liver dysfunction (defined as plasma AST or ALT ≥ 1.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN))
* Medical history of kidney disease or kidney dysfunction (defined as blood urea nitrogen and creatinine ≥ 1.8 times the ULN)
* Active treatment for any type of cancer within 1 year prior to study start
* Major surgery within the last 3 months
* Other medical, psychiatric, or behavioral factors that in the judgment of the Principal Investigator may interfere with study participation or the ability to follow the intervention protocol
* Unstable body weight (defined as \> 5% change in 3 months) or actively participating in a weight loss program
* Tobacco and/or nicotine replacement use, current or within the last 3 months
* Taking medication (prescription or non-prescription) or dietary supplements (pre/probiotics, vitamins, minerals, fats, herbals) known to affect blood lipids, with the exception of stable doses of thyroxine and oral contraceptive agents
* Any food allergy, aversion or unwillingness to eat wheat or flax
* Daily consumption of flax containing products in the past month
* Regular intake of \> 2 alcoholic drinks per day. Standard drink (13.6 g alcohol)= Beer (5% alcohol) 360 mL (12 fl.oz); Spirits (40% alcohol) 45 mL (1.5 fl.oz); wine (12% alcohol) 150 mL (5 fl.oz)
* Participation in another clinical trial, current or in the past 4 weeks
Minimum Eligible Age

30 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role collaborator

St. Boniface Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Dr. Heather Blewett

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Heather J Blewett, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Thomas Wolever, PhD, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Toronto

Locations

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Asper Clinical Research Institute

Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Site Status

Glycemic Index Laboratories Inc.

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Site Status

Countries

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Canada

References

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Simbalista RL, Sauerbronn AV, Aldrighi JM, Areas JA. Consumption of a flaxseed-rich food is not more effective than a placebo in alleviating the climacteric symptoms of postmenopausal women. J Nutr. 2010 Feb;140(2):293-7. doi: 10.3945/jn.109.113886. Epub 2009 Dec 9.

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Charland SL, Cziraky MJ, Quimbo R, Karas RH, Insull W Jr, Davidson M, Stanek EJ. Achieving optimal lipid values in patients with dyslipidemia is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events. J Clin Lipidol. 2008 Oct;2(5):343-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2008.06.009. Epub 2008 Jun 26.

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Lusis AJ. Atherosclerosis. Nature. 2000 Sep 14;407(6801):233-41. doi: 10.1038/35025203.

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Xu Y, Wu Y, Li J, Ma W, Guo X, Luo Y, Hu D. The predictive value of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in coronary atherosclerosis and peripheral artery diseases in urban Chinese patients. Hypertens Res. 2008 Jun;31(6):1079-85. doi: 10.1291/hypres.31.1079.

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Leng GC, Fowkes FG, Lee AJ, Dunbar J, Housley E, Ruckley CV. Use of ankle brachial pressure index to predict cardiovascular events and death: a cohort study. BMJ. 1996 Dec 7;313(7070):1440-4. doi: 10.1136/bmj.313.7070.1440.

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Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Singh KK, Mridula D, Rehal J, Barnwal P. Flaxseed: a potential source of food, feed and fiber. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2011 Mar;51(3):210-22. doi: 10.1080/10408390903537241.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21390942 (View on PubMed)

Bassett CM, Rodriguez-Leyva D, Pierce GN. Experimental and clinical research findings on the cardiovascular benefits of consuming flaxseed. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2009 Oct;34(5):965-74. doi: 10.1139/H09-087.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19935863 (View on PubMed)

Austria JA, Richard MN, Chahine MN, Edel AL, Malcolmson LJ, Dupasquier CM, Pierce GN. Bioavailability of alpha-linolenic acid in subjects after ingestion of three different forms of flaxseed. J Am Coll Nutr. 2008 Apr;27(2):214-21. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2008.10719693.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18689552 (View on PubMed)

Zhang W, Wang X, Liu Y, Tian H, Flickinger B, Empie MW, Sun SZ. Dietary flaxseed lignan extract lowers plasma cholesterol and glucose concentrations in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Br J Nutr. 2008 Jun;99(6):1301-9. doi: 10.1017/S0007114507871649. Epub 2007 Dec 6.

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Othman RA, Moghadasian MH, Jones PJ. Cholesterol-lowering effects of oat beta-glucan. Nutr Rev. 2011 Jun;69(6):299-309. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00401.x.

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Bloedon LT, Balikai S, Chittams J, Cunnane SC, Berlin JA, Rader DJ, Szapary PO. Flaxseed and cardiovascular risk factors: results from a double blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Am Coll Nutr. 2008 Feb;27(1):65-74. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2008.10719676.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18460483 (View on PubMed)

Cunnane SC, Hamadeh MJ, Liede AC, Thompson LU, Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ. Nutritional attributes of traditional flaxseed in healthy young adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995 Jan;61(1):62-8. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/61.1.62.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Dodin S, Lemay A, Jacques H, Legare F, Forest JC, Masse B. The effects of flaxseed dietary supplement on lipid profile, bone mineral density, and symptoms in menopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, wheat germ placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Mar;90(3):1390-7. doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-1148. Epub 2004 Dec 21.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15613422 (View on PubMed)

Lucas EA, Wild RD, Hammond LJ, Khalil DA, Juma S, Daggy BP, Stoecker BJ, Arjmandi BH. Flaxseed improves lipid profile without altering biomarkers of bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Apr;87(4):1527-32. doi: 10.1210/jcem.87.4.8374.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11932276 (View on PubMed)

National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002 Dec 17;106(25):3143-421. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12485966 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

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http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2010001/article/11136-eng.htm

Canadian health measures survey: Heart health and cholesterol levels of Canadians, 2007-2009

Other Identifiers

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RRC/2013/1281

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

B2013:012

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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