Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
119 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2015-02-28
2017-03-01
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Study Design
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COHORT
PROSPECTIVE
Study Groups
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Control Arm
Arm 1 will be the Control arm, in which subjects will be instructed to use the GlowCap for their chronic disease medication but will not be provided with any specific incentive for taking the medication or with any aid in remembering to do so.
GlowCap
The main research instrument is an electronic pill bottle called GlowCaps (by Vitality) that has the ability to transmit adherence data to the Way to Health (WTH) web portal. The investigators will measure adherence by counting the number of properly taken doses during the final four weeks of the study. Each time the pill bottle is opened, a date- and time-stamped wireless signal is sent to the Vitality server via the AT\&T cellular network which will then be uploaded to the Way to Health portal for aggregation.
Reminder Arm
Arm 2 will be the Reminder arm with daily email, text message, or phone call reminders for intervention. Subjects will be told that to aid in daily adherence to the medication, they will be provided with reminders for the first three months of the study and possibly again later in the study. At the start of the study, subjects will be given the option to receive daily email reminders, text message reminders, or daily (automated) phone call reminders to take their pill, each at a time of day that they choose. The default setting will be for subjects to receive both text and email reminders at 8AM each day. Subjects will be instructed on how to change their settings if they would like to receive a different set of reminders at different points in time.
GlowCap
The main research instrument is an electronic pill bottle called GlowCaps (by Vitality) that has the ability to transmit adherence data to the Way to Health (WTH) web portal. The investigators will measure adherence by counting the number of properly taken doses during the final four weeks of the study. Each time the pill bottle is opened, a date- and time-stamped wireless signal is sent to the Vitality server via the AT\&T cellular network which will then be uploaded to the Way to Health portal for aggregation.
Daily email, text message, or phone call reminders
Incentives Arm
Arm 3 will be the financial incentives arm, in which subjects will be paid for adherence. Their total earnings will be administered at the end of the experiment through the WTH platform.
GlowCap
The main research instrument is an electronic pill bottle called GlowCaps (by Vitality) that has the ability to transmit adherence data to the Way to Health (WTH) web portal. The investigators will measure adherence by counting the number of properly taken doses during the final four weeks of the study. Each time the pill bottle is opened, a date- and time-stamped wireless signal is sent to the Vitality server via the AT\&T cellular network which will then be uploaded to the Way to Health portal for aggregation.
Paid for adherence
Incentives and Reminders Arm
Arm 4 will be the financial incentives and reminders arm, in which subjects will be paid for adherence. Their total earnings will be administered at the end of the experiment through the WTH platform. They will also receive daily email, text message, or phone call reminders for intervention. Subjects will be told that to aid in daily adherence to the medication, they will be provided with reminders for the first three months of the study and possibly again later in the study. At the start of the study, subjects will be given the option to receive daily email reminders, text message reminders, or daily (automated) phone call reminders to take their pill, each at a time of day that they choose. The default setting will be for subjects to receive both text and email reminders at 8AM each day. Subjects will be instructed on how to change their settings if they would like to receive a different set of reminders at different points in time.
GlowCap
The main research instrument is an electronic pill bottle called GlowCaps (by Vitality) that has the ability to transmit adherence data to the Way to Health (WTH) web portal. The investigators will measure adherence by counting the number of properly taken doses during the final four weeks of the study. Each time the pill bottle is opened, a date- and time-stamped wireless signal is sent to the Vitality server via the AT\&T cellular network which will then be uploaded to the Way to Health portal for aggregation.
Daily email, text message, or phone call reminders
Paid for adherence
Interventions
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GlowCap
The main research instrument is an electronic pill bottle called GlowCaps (by Vitality) that has the ability to transmit adherence data to the Way to Health (WTH) web portal. The investigators will measure adherence by counting the number of properly taken doses during the final four weeks of the study. Each time the pill bottle is opened, a date- and time-stamped wireless signal is sent to the Vitality server via the AT\&T cellular network which will then be uploaded to the Way to Health portal for aggregation.
Daily email, text message, or phone call reminders
Paid for adherence
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* age 18-84
* people who report that they currently use a day-of-the-week pill bottle
* people for whom AT\&T does not have reliable wireless service for the Glowcap to communicate with the Way To Health platform
18 Years
84 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Harvard University
OTHER
National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
OTHER
Donaghue Medical Research Foundation
OTHER
University of Pennsylvania
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Judd Kessler
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Pennsylvania
Dmitry Taubinsky
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Harvard University
Eric Zwick
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Harvard University
Locations
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University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Countries
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References
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Acland, D and Levy, M. Habit Formation and Naivete in Gym Attendance: Evidence from a Field Experiment. Mimeo 2010.
Allcott H. Social norms and energy conservation. Journal of Public Economics 2011; 95: 1982-1095.
Cutler DM, Everett W. Thinking outside the pillbox--medication adherence as a priority for health care reform. N Engl J Med. 2010 Apr 29;362(17):1553-5. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1002305. Epub 2010 Apr 7. No abstract available.
Deci, E. Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1971; 18: 105-115.
Doshi JA, Zhu J, Lee BY, Kimmel SE, Volpp KG. Impact of a prescription copayment increase on lipid-lowering medication adherence in veterans. Circulation. 2009 Jan 27;119(3):390-7. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.783944. Epub 2009 Jan 12.
Gerber AS, Green DP, Larimer CW. Social pressure and voter turnout: evidence from a large- scale field experiment 2008; 102:22-48.
Gneezy U, Rustichini A. Pay enough or don't pay at all. Quarterly Journal of Economics 2000; 115: 791-810.
Gneezy U, Rustichini A. A fine is a price. Journal of legal studies 2000; 29: 1-18.
Karlan D, McConnell M, Mullainathan S, Zinman J. Getting to the top of mind: How reminders increase saving. Mimeo 2010.
Long JA, Helweg-Larsen M, Volpp KG. Patient opinions regarding 'pay for performance for patients'. J Gen Intern Med. 2008 Oct;23(10):1647-52. doi: 10.1007/s11606-008-0739-1. Epub 2008 Jul 29.
Osterberg L, Blaschke T. Adherence to medication. N Engl J Med. 2005 Aug 4;353(5):487-97. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra050100. No abstract available.
Schultz PW, Nolan JM, Cialdini RB, Goldstein NJ, Griskevicius V. The constructive, destructive, and reconstructive power of social norms. Psychol Sci. 2007 May;18(5):429-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01917.x.
Volpp KG, John LK, Troxel AB, Norton L, Fassbender J, Loewenstein G. Financial incentive-based approaches for weight loss: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2008 Dec 10;300(22):2631-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.2008.804.
Volpp KG, Loewenstein G, Troxel AB, Doshi J, Price M, Laskin M, Kimmel SE. A test of financial incentives to improve warfarin adherence. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008 Dec 23;8:272. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-8-272.
Other Identifiers
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10035604
Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT
Identifier Source: secondary_id
816493
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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