Adaptive Messaging to Support Depression Self-Management
NCT ID: NCT06458192
Last Updated: 2025-06-11
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
NA
100 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2025-01-13
2025-12-18
Brief Summary
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Both messaging arms will receive 8 weeks of daily text messaging. Messages will prompt learning and applying cognitive and behavioral self-management strategies. Whereas the non-adaptive messaging system will randomly select daily messaging styles (representing a variety of self-management strategies and message tones), the adaptive messaging system will apply reinforcement learning to select daily messaging styles to maximize user engagement. Text messages will also be used to solicit feedback such as message ratings to inform the reinforcement learning algorithm (if applicable). The psychoeducation control group will receive a few brief text messages per week providing weblinks to access psychoeducation information.
The investigators will recruit participants through digital methods (e.g., advertising on social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram).
Administration of study measures will occur at baseline, weeks 4 and 8, and 3-month and 6-month follow-up. The primary outcomes is depression symptom severity (PHQ-9). Secondary outcomes are: anxiety severity (GAD-7) and suicidality (DSI-SS). Using an Intention to Treat paradigm, the investigators will test our hypothesis that:
H1: Relative to the psychoeducation-only control, messaging interventions will reduce depression (H1a) and anxiety and suicidal ideation (H1b).
H2: Relative to non-adaptive messaging, adaptive messaging will reduce depression (H1a) and anxiety and suicidality (H2b).
H3: Adaptive messaging will reduce depression relative to non-adaptive messaging by producing greater objective and subjective engagement.
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Detailed Description
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Among individuals with elevated depression symptoms, the investigators will compare the effects of 8 weeks of an adaptive text messaging intervention (n=40), 8 weeks of a non-adaptive text messaging intervention (n=40), and a psychoeducation-only control group (n=20). The investigators will include a 6-month post-treatment follow-up to verify that treatment gains are maintained.
The study will enroll individuals who have at least moderate symptoms of depression as indicated by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores greater than or equal to 10.
The investigators will recruit participants through digital methods (e.g., advertising on social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram). Recruitment advertisements will direct potential participants to a centralized recruitment website that provides additional information about the IRB-approved protocol. Participants will represent likely users of a mobile-based depression intervention. They will also reflect the racial and ethnic diversity of the United States. Interested individuals will confirm eligibility by completing an online screening survey. Participants will self-report their specific recruitment source as part of this survey and will provide contact information. If eligible participants confirm interest, study staff will obtain informed consent.
Computer-generated randomization will be created prior to the start of the study to avoid allocation bias. Random block sizes of 5 and 10 will be allocated in a 2:2:1 ratio to adaptive messaging, non-adaptive messaging, and the psychoeducation-only control group.
Both messaging arms will receive 8 weeks of daily text messaging. Messages will prompt learning and applying cognitive and behavioral self-management strategies. Whereas the non-adaptive messaging system will randomly select daily messaging styles (representing a variety of self-management strategies and message tones), the adaptive messaging system will apply reinforcement learning to select daily messaging styles to maximize user engagement. Text messages will also be used to solicit feedback such as message ratings to inform the reinforcement learning algorithm (if applicable). The psychoeducation control group will receive a few brief text messages per week providing weblinks to access psychoeducation information.
Administration of study measures will occur as part of the research protocol via REDCap online at baseline, weeks 4 and 8, and 3-month and 6-month follow-up. The primary outcomes is depression symptom severity (PHQ-9). Secondary outcomes are: anxiety severity (GAD-7) and suicidality (DSI-SS). The investigators will additionally assess subjective and objective engagement with the intervention (messaging arms only).
The investigators will collect qualitative data with a subset of 10 participants in each messaging arm via user interviews.
Using an Intention to Treat paradigm, the investigators will use longitudinal linear mixed-effects models to test our hypothesis that:
H1: Relative to the psychoeducation-only control, messaging interventions will reduce depression (H1a) and anxiety and suicidal ideation (H1b).
H2: Relative to non-adaptive messaging, adaptive messaging will reduce depression (H1a) and anxiety and suicidality (H2b).
H3: Adaptive messaging will reduce depression relative to non-adaptive messaging by producing greater objective and subjective engagement.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
DOUBLE
Study Groups
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Adaptive Messaging Intervention
The intervention involves 8 weeks of daily text messaging. Messages will arrive throughout the day via SMS to prompt learning and applying cognitive and behavioral self-management strategies, representing a variety of self-management strategies and message tones. The intervention will apply reinforcement learning to select daily messaging styles to maximize user engagement.
Adaptive Messaging Intervention
The intervention delivers 8 weeks of daily text messaging. Messages will arrive throughout the day via SMS to prompt learning and applying cognitive and behavioral self-management strategies, representing a variety of self-management strategies and message tones. The intervention will apply reinforcement learning to select daily messaging styles to maximize user engagement.
Non-Adaptive Messaging Intervention
The intervention involves 8 weeks of daily text messaging. Messages will arrive throughout the day via SMS to prompt learning and applying cognitive and behavioral self-management strategies, representing a variety of self-management strategies and message tones. Daily messaging styles will be randomly selected.
Non-Adaptive Messaging Intervention
The intervention involves 8 weeks of daily text messaging. Messages will arrive throughout the day via SMS to prompt learning and applying cognitive and behavioral self-management strategies, representing a variety of self-management strategies and message tones. Daily messaging styles will be randomly selected.
Psychoeducation-only control
The 8-week intervention involves receiving several text messages per week that include weblinks to access psychoeducation information about cognitive and behavioral self-management strategies.
Psychoeducation-Only Control
An active control which will deliver psychoeducational content via clickable URLs over 8 weeks.
Interventions
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Adaptive Messaging Intervention
The intervention delivers 8 weeks of daily text messaging. Messages will arrive throughout the day via SMS to prompt learning and applying cognitive and behavioral self-management strategies, representing a variety of self-management strategies and message tones. The intervention will apply reinforcement learning to select daily messaging styles to maximize user engagement.
Non-Adaptive Messaging Intervention
The intervention involves 8 weeks of daily text messaging. Messages will arrive throughout the day via SMS to prompt learning and applying cognitive and behavioral self-management strategies, representing a variety of self-management strategies and message tones. Daily messaging styles will be randomly selected.
Psychoeducation-Only Control
An active control which will deliver psychoeducational content via clickable URLs over 8 weeks.
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* At least moderate depressive symptom severity (a score of 10 or higher on the PHQ-8)
* Has a smartphone
* Is able to speak and read English
* US citizen or resident
Exclusion Criteria
* High suicide risk (has ideation, plan, and intent)
* Is currently receiving psychotherapy or intends to commence it in the next 8 weeks
* Psychiatric medication dose change in the past 4 weeks, or has plans to change the dose of a psychiatric medication
18 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Northwestern University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Rachel Kornfield
Assistant Professor
Locations
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Northwestern University
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Countries
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Other Identifiers
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STU00214828
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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