Comparison of Carotenoid Bioavailability From Fresh Papaya, Tomato and Carrot

Study Results

Results available

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

16 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2011-06-30

Study Completion Date

2011-11-30

Brief Summary

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The goal of this study is to determine if papaya fruits are an exceptionally good food source for carotenoids in humans, particularly when compared more common carotenoid sources like carrots and tomatoes. This objective will be accomplished by quantitation of the immediate post-prandial plasma concentrations of parent carotenoids and vitamin A metabolites from subjects who consumed a meal containing fresh papaya, tomato, and carrot.

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Detailed Description

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The main purpose of this study is comparing bioavailability of papaya carotenoids versus carrot and tomato carotenoids. Previously, vitamin A deposition in rat livers was studied, showing that carotenoid bioavailability from papaya is higher than from spinach, parsley and carrots. Detailed knowledge about human carotenoid absorption and conversion from papaya fruit compared to other food sources is still lacking.

Conditions

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Focus of Study: Carotenoid Absorption

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

Primary Study Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Papaya-Carrot-Tomato

Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Papaya 2. Carrot 3. Tomato.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Papaya

Intervention Type OTHER

Post-prandial study feeding 400-506 g papaya (1.6 mg beta-carotene, 2.1 mg beta-cryptoxanthin, 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread.

Carrot

Intervention Type OTHER

Post-prandial study feeding 25-35 g carrot (= 1.6 mg beta-carotene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread.

Tomato

Intervention Type OTHER

Post-prandial study feeding 256-396 g tomato (= 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread.

Papaya-Tomato-Carrot

Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Papaya 2. Tomato 3. Carrot

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Papaya

Intervention Type OTHER

Post-prandial study feeding 400-506 g papaya (1.6 mg beta-carotene, 2.1 mg beta-cryptoxanthin, 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread.

Carrot

Intervention Type OTHER

Post-prandial study feeding 25-35 g carrot (= 1.6 mg beta-carotene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread.

Tomato

Intervention Type OTHER

Post-prandial study feeding 256-396 g tomato (= 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread.

Tomato-Papaya-Carrot

Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Tomato 2. Papaya 3. Carrot

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Papaya

Intervention Type OTHER

Post-prandial study feeding 400-506 g papaya (1.6 mg beta-carotene, 2.1 mg beta-cryptoxanthin, 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread.

Carrot

Intervention Type OTHER

Post-prandial study feeding 25-35 g carrot (= 1.6 mg beta-carotene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread.

Tomato

Intervention Type OTHER

Post-prandial study feeding 256-396 g tomato (= 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread.

Tomato-Carrot-Papaya

Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Tomato 2. Carrot 3. Papaya

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Papaya

Intervention Type OTHER

Post-prandial study feeding 400-506 g papaya (1.6 mg beta-carotene, 2.1 mg beta-cryptoxanthin, 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread.

Carrot

Intervention Type OTHER

Post-prandial study feeding 25-35 g carrot (= 1.6 mg beta-carotene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread.

Tomato

Intervention Type OTHER

Post-prandial study feeding 256-396 g tomato (= 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread.

Carrot-Papaya-Tomato

Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Carrot 2. Papaya 3. Tomato

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Papaya

Intervention Type OTHER

Post-prandial study feeding 400-506 g papaya (1.6 mg beta-carotene, 2.1 mg beta-cryptoxanthin, 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread.

Carrot

Intervention Type OTHER

Post-prandial study feeding 25-35 g carrot (= 1.6 mg beta-carotene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread.

Tomato

Intervention Type OTHER

Post-prandial study feeding 256-396 g tomato (= 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread.

Carrot-Tomato-Papaya

Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Carrot 2. Tomato 3. Papaya

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Papaya

Intervention Type OTHER

Post-prandial study feeding 400-506 g papaya (1.6 mg beta-carotene, 2.1 mg beta-cryptoxanthin, 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread.

Carrot

Intervention Type OTHER

Post-prandial study feeding 25-35 g carrot (= 1.6 mg beta-carotene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread.

Tomato

Intervention Type OTHER

Post-prandial study feeding 256-396 g tomato (= 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread.

Interventions

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Papaya

Post-prandial study feeding 400-506 g papaya (1.6 mg beta-carotene, 2.1 mg beta-cryptoxanthin, 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread.

Intervention Type OTHER

Carrot

Post-prandial study feeding 25-35 g carrot (= 1.6 mg beta-carotene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread.

Intervention Type OTHER

Tomato

Post-prandial study feeding 256-396 g tomato (= 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* healthy individuals

Exclusion Criteria

* lactating, pregnant, or planned to be pregnant
* smokers/those who use tobacco products
* metabolic or malabsorption disorders
* had a history of cancer
* history of liver insufficiency or other gastro-intestinal diseases
* allergy to papaya, carrots or tomatoes
* obesity

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

70 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes