A5288/MULTI-OCTAVE: Management Using Latest Technologies to Optimize Combination Therapy After Viral Failure
NCT ID: NCT01641367
Last Updated: 2019-03-15
Study Results
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View full resultsBasic Information
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COMPLETED
PHASE4
545 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2013-02-22
2018-12-31
Brief Summary
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* test a strategy of using a resistance test to choose anti-HIV drugs
* see how well combinations of new anti-HIV drugs work to lower HIV infection
* see if taking new anti-HIV drugs together is safe and tolerable
* see if text messages improve people's anti-HIV drug-taking behavior (only at sites participating in the adherence study)
* in people taking certain combinations of anti-HIV drugs with an anti-TB drug, compare how these drugs act in the body
* to see how people do after they stop having frequent clinic visits as part of a research study
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Detailed Description
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At sites where feasible and relevant, the study evaluated an adherence support intervention. This involved a randomized comparison of a cell phone-based adherence support intervention plus local standard-of-care adherence support procedures (CPI+SOC) versus the SOC adherence support procedures.
Participants enrolled to the study in Step 1. If a participant experienced a confirmed virologic failure (defined as two consecutive HIV-1 RNA measures \>= 1000 copies/mL) at/after 22 weeks on their Step 1 regimen, they had another genotype test performed and cohort/regimen selected for Step 2. With the exception of one additional visit 4 weeks after enrollment to Step 2, the visit schedule for Step 2 followed the participant's original Step 1 schedule throughout the remainder of follow up.
Participants were followed in Steps 1 and 2 until 48 weeks after the last participant was enrolled to Step 1. During the first 48 weeks after Step 1 enrollment, clinic visits occurred at weeks 4, 12, 24, 36 and 48. After week 48, visits occurred every 12 weeks for adherence, safety and efficacy measures.
Participants had a final step 1/2 visit between November 22, 2016 and February 13, 2017. At the final step 1/2 visit, participants taking RAL, ETR, or DRV who were unable to obtain these drugs locally (e.g., through local treatment programs), and were otherwise eligible, entered Step 3 and continued to receive these drugs through the study for up to 96 additional weeks. Step 3 participants were dispensed ARVs every 12 weeks and had clinical assessments every 24 weeks. The purpose of Step 3 was to assist participants with the transition back to local care.
The primary analysis specified in the protocol and in the Statistical Analysis Plan was to estimate the proportion of participants in the overall study population who were virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA ≤200 copies/mL) at week 48 with a 95% confidence interval.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
NONE
Study Groups
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Cohort A
Under Protocol version 1.0:
No resistance to NRTIs, PIs, or NNRTI
• Continue current second-line regimen; NRTIs could be modified
Changed under LOA#2 to:
No LPV/RTV resistance and susceptible to at least one NRTI, regardless of NNRTI resistance or prior RAL exposure
• Continue second-line regimen which may include LPV/RTV; NRTIs could be modified
Changed under LOA#3 to:
No LPV/RTV resistance and susceptible to at least one NRTI, regardless of NNRTI resistance or prior RAL exposure
• Continue PI backbone; NRTIs could be modified. If on a RAL-containing regimen, RAL must be discontinued.
Second line ART regimens - based on a boosted protease inhibitor (bPI) plus two nucleoside analogues (NRTIs)
LPV/r and ATV/r were the preferred bPIs for second-line ART. TDF + (3TC or FTC) or AZT + 3TC were the most frequent NRTI backbones. Cohort A did not include any of the new drugs; therefore, it is distinct from Cohorts B, C, and D.
SOC adherence versus SOC+CPI adherence
* not participating in the adherence randomization; OR
* randomized to SOC adherence; OR
* randomized to SOC+CPI adherence.
Sub-cohort B1
Under Protocol version 1.0:
Susceptible to DRV/RTV and ETR with or without resistance to NRTIs (and may have resistance to other PIs) and without active hepatitis B infection at screening
• Best available NRTIs, RAL, \& DRV/RTV
Changed under LOA#2 to:
Resistance to LPV/RTV but susceptible to DRV/RTV and ETR and with no prior RAL exposure and regardless of NRTI resistance (and without active hepatitis B infection at screening) OR Resistance to all NRTIs (i.e. susceptible to none) but susceptible to DRV/RTV and ETR and with no prior RAL exposure (and without active hepatitis B infection at screening)
• Best available NRTIs, RAL, \& DRV/RTV
Darunavir
Participants were administered darunavir orally as one 600 mg tablet twice a day (1200 mg per day) with food (taken with Ritonavir 100 mg twice a day \[200 mg per day\])
Raltegravir
Participants were administered Raltegravir orally as one 400 mg tablet twice daily (800 mg per day), with or without food
SOC adherence versus SOC+CPI adherence
* not participating in the adherence randomization; OR
* randomized to SOC adherence; OR
* randomized to SOC+CPI adherence.
Sub-cohort B2
Under Protocol version 1.0:
Susceptible to DRV/RTV and ETR with or without resistance to NRTIs (and may have resistance to other PIs) and without active hepatitis B infection at screening
• ETR, RAL, and DRV/RTV
Changed under LOA#2 to:
Resistance to LPV/RTV but susceptible to DRV/RTV and ETR and with no prior RAL exposure and regardless of NRTI resistance (and without active hepatitis B infection at screening) OR Resistance to all NRTIs (i.e. susceptible to none) but susceptible to DRV/RTV and ETR and with no prior RAL exposure (and without active hepatitis B infection at screening)
• ETR, RAL, and DRV/RTV
Darunavir
Participants were administered darunavir orally as one 600 mg tablet twice a day (1200 mg per day) with food (taken with Ritonavir 100 mg twice a day \[200 mg per day\])
Etravirine
Patients were administered Etravirine orally as two 100 mg tablets or one 200 mg tablet twice a day (400 mg per day) following a meal.
Raltegravir
Participants were administered Raltegravir orally as one 400 mg tablet twice daily (800 mg per day), with or without food
SOC adherence versus SOC+CPI adherence
* not participating in the adherence randomization; OR
* randomized to SOC adherence; OR
* randomized to SOC+CPI adherence.
Sub-cohort B3
Under Protocol version 1.0:
Susceptible to DRV/RTV and ETR with or without resistance to NRTIs (and may have resistance to other PIs) and with active hepatitis B infection at screening
• RAL, DRV/RTV, and FTC/TDF or TDF+3TC
Changed under LOA#2 to:
Resistance to LPV/RTV but susceptible to DRV/RTV and ETR and with no prior RAL exposure and regardless of NRTI resistance (with active hepatitis B infection at screening) OR Resistance to all NRTIs (i.e. susceptible to none) but susceptible to DRV/RTV and ETR and with no prior RAL exposure (with active hepatitis B infection at screening)
• RAL, DRV/RTV, and FTC/TDF or TDF+3TC
Darunavir
Participants were administered darunavir orally as one 600 mg tablet twice a day (1200 mg per day) with food (taken with Ritonavir 100 mg twice a day \[200 mg per day\])
Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Patients were administered FTC/TDF orally as one fixed dose combination tablet (FTC 200 mg/TDF 300 mg) once daily, with or without food.
Raltegravir
Participants were administered Raltegravir orally as one 400 mg tablet twice daily (800 mg per day), with or without food
SOC adherence versus SOC+CPI adherence
* not participating in the adherence randomization; OR
* randomized to SOC adherence; OR
* randomized to SOC+CPI adherence.
Cohort C
Under Protocol version 1.0:
Resistance to NRTIs and ETR or resistance to ETR alone (and may have resistance to PIs other than DRV)
• Best available NRTIs, RAL, and DRV/RTV
Changed under LOA#2:
Resistance to LPV/RTV and ETR but susceptible to DRV/RTV and with no prior RAL exposure and regardless of NRTI resistance OR Resistance to ETR and to all NRTIs (i.e. susceptible to none) but susceptible to DRV/RTV and with no prior RAL exposure
• Best available NRTIs, RAL, and DRV/RTV
Darunavir
Participants were administered darunavir orally as one 600 mg tablet twice a day (1200 mg per day) with food (taken with Ritonavir 100 mg twice a day \[200 mg per day\])
Raltegravir
Participants were administered Raltegravir orally as one 400 mg tablet twice daily (800 mg per day), with or without food
SOC adherence versus SOC+CPI adherence
* not participating in the adherence randomization; OR
* randomized to SOC adherence; OR
* randomized to SOC+CPI adherence.
Cohort D
Under Protocol version 1.0:
Multiple NRTI resistance and/or DRV/RTV resistance or prior RAL exposure:
• Best available regimen, including study-provided and any locally available drugs
Changed under LOA#2:
Not eligible for Cohort A, B, or C:
• Best available regimen, including study-provided and any locally available drugs
Updated under protocol v2.0:
• Best available ART regimen, including study-provided and any locally available non-experimental drugs
Study provided drugs according to patient resistance profile (DRV, ETR, RTV, FTC/TDF) + any in country available drug as applicable & available
For Cohort D, in many situations a participant received the same regimen that patients are getting in Cohorts B and C if that was the best combination that can be obtained according to his/her resistance profile and drug availability (as for many countries there were no further drug options beyond the available study drugs).
SOC adherence versus SOC+CPI adherence
* not participating in the adherence randomization; OR
* randomized to SOC adherence; OR
* randomized to SOC+CPI adherence.
Interventions
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Darunavir
Participants were administered darunavir orally as one 600 mg tablet twice a day (1200 mg per day) with food (taken with Ritonavir 100 mg twice a day \[200 mg per day\])
Etravirine
Patients were administered Etravirine orally as two 100 mg tablets or one 200 mg tablet twice a day (400 mg per day) following a meal.
Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Patients were administered FTC/TDF orally as one fixed dose combination tablet (FTC 200 mg/TDF 300 mg) once daily, with or without food.
Raltegravir
Participants were administered Raltegravir orally as one 400 mg tablet twice daily (800 mg per day), with or without food
Second line ART regimens - based on a boosted protease inhibitor (bPI) plus two nucleoside analogues (NRTIs)
LPV/r and ATV/r were the preferred bPIs for second-line ART. TDF + (3TC or FTC) or AZT + 3TC were the most frequent NRTI backbones. Cohort A did not include any of the new drugs; therefore, it is distinct from Cohorts B, C, and D.
Study provided drugs according to patient resistance profile (DRV, ETR, RTV, FTC/TDF) + any in country available drug as applicable & available
For Cohort D, in many situations a participant received the same regimen that patients are getting in Cohorts B and C if that was the best combination that can be obtained according to his/her resistance profile and drug availability (as for many countries there were no further drug options beyond the available study drugs).
SOC adherence versus SOC+CPI adherence
* not participating in the adherence randomization; OR
* randomized to SOC adherence; OR
* randomized to SOC+CPI adherence.
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Any previous combination of ARV treatment at any time with at least one regimen that contained one NNRTI and two NRTIs which was replaced with a PI-based regimen because of virologic, immunologic, or clinical treatment failure, or because of toxicity.
NOTE: All potential participants with prior RAL exposure were assigned to either Cohort A or Cohort D.
* At screening, receipt of a PI-based regimen with no regimen change for a minimum of 24 weeks prior to screening.
* Confirmation of VF of current second-line PI-based ART. NOTE A: Failure of the current second-line regimen was defined as two consecutive measurements of plasma HIV-1 RNA ≥1000 copies/mL obtained at least 1 day apart while on the current PI-based regimen. "Current PI-based regimen" and "current regimen" were understood to be the regimen described (ie, the regimen that the candidate was taking when the first VF sample was drawn plus only those modifications allowed).
* CD4+ T-cell count result from a specimen drawn within 103 days prior to study entry
* Laboratory values obtained within 30 days prior to study entry:
* Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 500/mm\^3
* Hemoglobin ≥7.5 g/dL
* Platelet count ≥40,000/mm\^3
* Creatinine ≤2 X upper limit of normal (ULN)
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and alkaline phosphatase ≤5 x ULN
* Total bilirubin ≤2.5 x ULN
* Creatinine clearance (CrCl) \>30 mL/min, either measured or estimated by Cockcroft-Gault equation
* Hepatitis B panel that includes HbsAB, HBcAB, and HBsAG or only HBsAG, with plasma stored for later anti-HBs and anti-HBc.
NOTE A: Candidates who were eligible for cohort B and who were positive for active hepatitis B infection were assigned to sub-cohort B3 at registration/randomization.
NOTE B: Candidates with CrCl \<60 mL/min who were also positive for active hepatitis B infection were not eligible.
* Females of reproductive potential (women who have not been post-menopausal for at least 24 consecutive months, ie, who have had menses within the preceding 24 months, or women who have not undergone surgical sterilization, hysterectomy or bilateral salpingectomy or bilateral oophorectomy or tubal ligation) must have had a negative serum or urine pregnancy test prior to the submission of the screening genotype testing sample and again within 48 hours prior to randomization or registration.
* Female participants of reproductive potential must have agreed not to participate in the conception process (ie, active attempt to become pregnant, in vitro fertilization), and if participating in sexual activity that could lead to pregnancy, the female participant must have used at least one reliable form of contraceptive. Female participants must have continued to use contraceptives while receiving study treatment and for 6 weeks after stopping study treatment.
Acceptable forms of contraceptives included:
* Condoms (male or female) with or without a spermicidal agent
* Diaphragm or cervical cap with spermicide
* Intrauterine device (IUD)
* Hormonal contraception
Female participants who were not of reproductive potential or whose male partner(s) had documented azoospermia) were not required to use contraceptives. Any statement of self-reported sterility or that of her partner's must have been entered in the source documents.
NOTE: Acceptable documentation of lack of reproductive potential was oral or written documentation from the participant.
* Karnofsky performance score \>/= 70 within 30 days prior to study entry.
* Ability and willingness of potential participant to provide informed consent.
* Willingness of potential participant to adhere to protocol requirements, especially with respect to treatment assignment and ability to obtain non-study provided ART, if needed.
* Ability to take oral study medications.
* No intention of permanent relocation that would preclude attending Step 1 and 2 study follow-up visits.
* Availability of a successful, interpretable resistance genotype report from a DAIDS-approved regional genotyping facility from testing performed on a plasma sample that was collected during screening (ie, at or after the date that a sample is collected to confirm HIV-1 virologic failure) and which was shipped to a regional resistance testing laboratory once documentation of two screening plasma HIV-1 RNA values ≥1000 copies/mL were available.
* Identification of a cohort assignment and ARV regimen for use on study, selected from the recommended options provided by the site investigator, and reviewed and approved by the A5288 Clinical Management Committee (CMC).
Exclusion Criteria
* Known allergy/sensitivity or any hypersensitivity to components of study drugs or their formulation.
* Active drug or alcohol use or dependence that, in the opinion of the site investigator, would have interfered with adherence to study requirements.
* Serious illness requiring systemic treatment and/or hospitalization until candidate either completes therapy or was clinically stable on therapy, in the opinion of the site investigator, for at least 7 days prior to study entry.
* Concurrent illness or condition that would compromise the ability to take study medication, follow the protocol, or that would make participation not in the best interest of the participant, per the site investigator.
* Requirement for taking any of the prohibited medications with the selected ARV study regimen, or within 14 days prior to study entry.
NOTE: Study candidates should not have discontinued any component of their ART during screening. The 14-day restriction on prohibited medications did not apply to ARVs.
* Active tuberculosis (TB) or rifampin exposure less than 2 weeks prior to study entry.
* Any exposure to darunavir or etravirine.
18 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
NIH
AbbVie
INDUSTRY
Gilead Sciences
INDUSTRY
Janssen Pharmaceuticals
INDUSTRY
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
INDUSTRY
Dimagi Inc.
INDUSTRY
Advancing Clinical Therapeutics Globally for HIV/AIDS and Other Infections
NETWORK
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Beatriz Grinsztejn, MD, PhD
Role: STUDY_CHAIR
Instituto de Pesquisa Clinica Evandro Chagas-Fiocruz
Peter Mugyenyi, MB ChB, FRCP, DSc
Role: STUDY_CHAIR
Joint Clinical Research Center
Locations
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Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceicao CRS (12201)
Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Instituto de Pesquisa Clinica Evandro Chagas (12101)
Rio de Janeiro, , Brazil
Les Centres GHESKIO CRS (30022)
Port-au-Prince, Bicentaire, Haiti
GHESKIO Institute of Infectious Diseases and Reproductive Health (GHESKIO - IMIS) CRS
Port-au-Prince, , Haiti
BJ Medical College CRS (31441)
Pune, Maharashtra, India
Chennai Antiviral Research and Treatment (CART) CRS (11701)
Chennai, Taramani, India
AMPATH at Moi Univ. Teaching Hosp. Eldoret CRS (12601)
Eldoret, , Kenya
Kenya Medical Research Institute/Center for Disease Control (KEMRI/CDC) CRS (31460)
Kisumu, , Kenya
Malawi CRS (12001)
Lilongwe, , Malawi
San Miguel CRS (11302)
San Miguel, Lima region, Peru
Barranco CRS (11301)
Lima, , Peru
University of the Witwatersrand Helen Joseph (WITS HJH) CRS (11101)
Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
Family Clinical Research Unit (FAM-CUR) CRS (8950)
Cape Town, West Cape, South Africa
Durban Adult HIV CRS (11201)
Durban, , South Africa
Soweto ACTG CRS (12301)
Johannesburg, , South Africa
31802 Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre (TRC-ARC) CRS
Bangkok, Patumwan, Thailand
31784 Chiang Mai University HIV Treatment CRS
Chiang Mai, , Thailand
JCRC CRS
Kampala, , Uganda
UZ-Parirenyatwa CRS (30313)
Harare, , Zimbabwe
Countries
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References
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Avihingsanon A, Hughes MD, Salata R, Godfrey C, McCarthy C, Mugyenyi P, Hogg E, Gross R, Cardoso SW, Bukuru A, Makanga M, Badal-Aesen S, Mave V, Ndege BW, Fontain SN, Samaneka W, Secours R, Van Schalkwyk M, Mngqibisa R, Mohapi L, Valencia J, Sugandhavesa P, Montalban E, Munyanga C, Chagomerana M, Santos BR, Kumarasamy N, Kanyama C, Schooley RT, Mellors JW, Wallis CL, Collier AC, Grinsztejn B; A5288 Study team. Third-line antiretroviral therapy, including raltegravir (RAL), darunavir (DRV/r) and/or etravirine (ETR), is well tolerated and achieves durable virologic suppression over 144 weeks in resource-limited settings: ACTG A5288 strategy trial. J Int AIDS Soc. 2022 Jun;25(6):e25905. doi: 10.1002/jia2.25905.
Godfrey C, Hughes MD, Ritz J, Coelho L, Gross R, Salata R, Mngqibisa R, Wallis CL, Mumbi ME, Matoga M, Poongulali S, Van Schalkwyk M, Hogg E, Fletcher CV, Grinsztejn B, Collier AC; A5288 team. Brief Report: Sex Differences in Outcomes for Individuals Presenting for Third-Line Antiretroviral Therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2020 Jun 1;84(2):203-207. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002324.
Gross R, Ritz J, Hughes MD, Salata R, Mugyenyi P, Hogg E, Wieclaw L, Godfrey C, Wallis CL, Mellors JW, Mudhune VO, Badal-Faesen S, Grinsztejn B, Collier AC. Two-way mobile phone intervention compared with standard-of-care adherence support after second-line antiretroviral therapy failure: a multinational, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Digit Health. 2019 May;1(1):e26-e34. doi: 10.1016/S2589-7500(19)30006-8. Epub 2019 May 6.
Grinsztejn B, Hughes MD, Ritz J, Salata R, Mugyenyi P, Hogg E, Wieclaw L, Gross R, Godfrey C, Cardoso SW, Bukuru A, Makanga M, Faesen S, Mave V, Wangari Ndege B, Nerette Fontain S, Samaneka W, Secours R, van Schalkwyk M, Mngqibisa R, Mohapi L, Valencia J, Sugandhavesa P, Montalban E, Avihingsanon A, Santos BR, Kumarasamy N, Kanyama C, Schooley RT, Mellors JW, Wallis CL, Collier AC; A5288 Team. Third-line antiretroviral therapy in low-income and middle-income countries (ACTG A5288): a prospective strategy study. Lancet HIV. 2019 Sep;6(9):e588-e600. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(19)30146-8. Epub 2019 Jul 29.
Related Links
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DAIDS Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (DAIDS AE Grading Table), Version 1.0, December 2004; Clarification, August 2009
Manual for Expedited Reporting of Adverse Events to DAIDS (DAIDS EAE Manual), Version 2.0, January 2010
Other Identifiers
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ACTG A5288
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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