Dietary Carbohydrate Type and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk Indicators

NCT ID: NCT01610661

Last Updated: 2018-07-13

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 10 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2012-01-31
• Study Completion Date: 2017-12-31

Brief Summary

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of habituation to diets with different types of carbohydrate (simple-carb, refined-carb, unrefined-carb) on selected Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk indicators.

Detailed Description

The objective of this pilot study is to determine the relative comparability for an isocaloric exchange of (1) refined-carb for simple-carb and (2) refined-carb for unrefined-carb, on established and emerging CVD risk indicators. To achieve this goal, subjects with moderate dyslipidemia (LDL cholesterol > 100mg/dL) will consume diets enriched in 3 types of carbohydrate (simple-carb, refined-carb and unrefined-carb) according to a randomized, cross-over design.

Conditions

Dyslipidemia

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: SINGLE

Study Groups

Unrefined-carbohydrate

unrefined carbohydrate diet

Group Type: OTHER

Diet

Intervention Type: OTHER

Unrefined-carbohydrate refers to foods made with 100% whole grains (wheat, rice, corn). Refined-carbohydrate refers to foods made with white flour (e.g., bread, pasta) or white rice. Simple-carbohydrate refers to foods made with sucrose (50% glucose/50% fructose) and high-fructose corn syrup.

Refined-carbohydrate

refined carbohydrate diet

Group Type: OTHER

Diet

Intervention Type: OTHER

Unrefined-carbohydrate refers to foods made with 100% whole grains (wheat, rice, corn). Refined-carbohydrate refers to foods made with white flour (e.g., bread, pasta) or white rice. Simple-carbohydrate refers to foods made with sucrose (50% glucose/50% fructose) and high-fructose corn syrup.

Simple-carbohydrate

simple carbohydrate diet

Group Type: OTHER

Diet

Intervention Type: OTHER

Unrefined-carbohydrate refers to foods made with 100% whole grains (wheat, rice, corn). Refined-carbohydrate refers to foods made with white flour (e.g., bread, pasta) or white rice. Simple-carbohydrate refers to foods made with sucrose (50% glucose/50% fructose) and high-fructose corn syrup.

Interventions

Diet

Unrefined-carbohydrate refers to foods made with 100% whole grains (wheat, rice, corn). Refined-carbohydrate refers to foods made with white flour (e.g., bread, pasta) or white rice. Simple-carbohydrate refers to foods made with sucrose (50% glucose/50% fructose) and high-fructose corn syrup.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Other Intervention Names

simple carb; refined carb; unrefined carb

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• LDL cholesterol (>100 mg/dL)
• > 50 years (all females postmenopausal, as defined by complete natural cessation of menses for > 12 months or a bilateral oophorectomy)
• BMI > 25 and < 35 kg/m2
• Normal kidney function as assessed by serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen
• Normal liver function as assessed by serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase
• Normal thyroid function as assessed by serum thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations
• Normal gastrointestinal function
• Fasting plasma glucose concentrations < 120 mg/dL
• Normotensive with or without medication
• Non-smoker for at least 12 months
• Alcohol intake of less than 7 drinks per week
• Consistent physical activity pattern

Exclusion Criteria

• < 50 years old
• BMI < 25 and > 35 kg/m2
• LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dL
• Abnormal fasting plasma glucose levels >120 mg/dL
• Use of medications known to affect lipid metabolism:

• Bile Acid Sequestrants (Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Colesevelam, etc.)
• Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors (Ezetimibe [Zetia])
• Nicotinic Acid Agents (Niacin, Niacor, Slo-Niacin, etc)
• Fibrates (Gemfibrozil [Lopid], Ciprofibrate, Fenofibrate [Tricor], etc)
• Probucol
• Use of anticoagulants (Coumadin, Heparin, Plavix, etc), anabolic steroids, and hydrocortisone
• Use of hormone therapy medications containing estrogen
• Use of fish oil / omega-3 supplements, and Metamucil (or fiber containing dietary supplements)
• Any Aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) or antihistamine use or therapies that cannot be discontinued by subject for 72 hours prior to blood draws and adipose tissue collection and any NSAIDS for 72 hours after the procedure for obtaining adipose tissue sample
• Established cardiovascular disease as defined by history of myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, coronary artery bypass graft, stenosis >50%, angina and peripheral arterial disease
• Uncontrolled hypertension or high blood pressure reading at the discretion of the study physician or nurse
• Renal or kidney disease, as defined by a history of chronic kidney disease or by glomerular filtration rate of < 60 ml.min/1.73 m2 calculated from screening blood tests
• Liver disease, as defined by a history of chronic hepatitis B or C, cholestatic or cirrhotic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, elevations of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) or serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) greater than 1.5 times the upper limit of normal at screening, bilirubin greater than 2 mg/dL (in the absence of benign causes of elevated bilirubin such as Gilbert's syndrome) at screening, or albumin below the lower limit of normal
• Hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, defined as screening TSH outside of normal ranges (<0.4 or >4.5), unless controlled with medication for at least 6 months
• Type I and II diabetes
• Gastrointestinal disease
• Lidocaine Allergy
• Smoking within the past 12 months.
• Alcohol intake > 7 drinks per week or unwillingness to not consume alcohol while participating in the study
• Unwillingness to maintain body weight during participation in the study
• Unwillingness to adhere to diet and study protocol
• Weight gain or loss of more than 15 lb within 6 months prior to enrollment
• Non-English speaking subjects
• No Social Security number
• Food allergies or aversions
• Blood donation within the past 8 weeks

• Minimum Eligible Age: 50 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Tufts University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Alice H. Lichtenstein, D.Sc.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Tufts University

Locations

Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Countries

United States

References

Faits T, Walker ME, Rodriguez-Morato J, Meng H, Gervis JE, Galluccio JM, Lichtenstein AH, Johnson WE, Matthan NR. Exploring changes in the human gut microbiota and microbial-derived metabolites in response to diets enriched in simple, refined, or unrefined carbohydrate-containing foods: a post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 Dec 10;112(6):1631-1641. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa254.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 32936872 (View on PubMed)

Meng H, Matthan NR, Fried SK, Berciano S, Walker ME, Galluccio JM, Lichtenstein AH. Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate Type on Serum Cardiometabolic Risk Indicators and Adipose Tissue Inflammatory Markers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Sep 1;103(9):3430-3438. doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-00667.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 29982704 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

2735

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id