Cancer Anorexia and the Central Nervous System

NCT ID: NCT01564693

Last Updated: 2015-08-18

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Total Enrollment: 15 participants
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2010-04-30
• Study Completion Date: 2015-04-30

Brief Summary

The pathogenesis of cancer anorexia is complex and multifactorial. However, a number of consistent and robust evidence point to a prominent role for the central nervous system. In particular, the hyperactivation of the immune system, due to tumour growth, causes a systemic inflammatory response primarily mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. At the central level, inflammatory response profoundly alters the activity of the hypothalamic nuclei, which are involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis. In particular, pro-inflammatory cytokines inhibit prophagic neurons activity, while enhance the activation of the anorexigenic neurons. Although supported by compelling experimental evidence, it should be acknowledged that this pathogenic hypothesis has not been confirmed yet by human studies.

Aim of the present study is to determine the specific pattern(s) of the brain activation after assumption of a standard meal in both anorexic and non-anorexic cancer patients to reveal potential differences, which will be correlated with the levels of concurrently measured circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. The results obtained would help in assessing the role of the central nervous system and, in particular of the hypothalamus, in the pathogenesis of cancer anorexia.

Detailed Description

After approval of the study protocol by the Ethical Committee of our Institution (Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy), 9 anorexic cancer patients, 4 non-anorexic cancer patients and 2 healthy individuals will be studied. The sample size is based on studies of neuroimaging already published and available on international journals.

Patients with confirmed cancer diagnosis will be enrolled before the initiation of any anti-cancer treatments. The presence/absence of anorexia will be investigated using a specific questionnaire (Cangiano et al., 1990) and a visual analogue scale (VAS). After an overnight fasting, blood samples will be collected from cancer patients and control subjects and interleukin(IL)-1, IL-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) levels will be measured by a commercially available ELISA kit.

On the same day, hypothalamic activation pattern(s) will be evaluated in patients and in control subjects by fMRI. After basal evaluation, all the groups will receive a standard oral meal, i.e., a 200 mL hypercaloric oral nutritional supplement providing 300 Kcal, and then a second fMRI scan will be performed. Using a computerized software, the average value of the grey for the hypothalamus will be calculated, and normalized for the one obtained in the basal condition, to obtain the percentage (%) of activation (or inhibition) of the hypothalamus.

Data obtained will be statistically analyzed using the t-Student and Bonferroni tests.

Conditions

Cancer Cachexia

Study Design

• Observational Model Type: CASE_CONTROL
• Study Time Perspective: CROSS_SECTIONAL

Study Groups

ANOREXIC CANCER PATIENTS

Nine lung cancer patients were diagnosed as anorexic based on the results obtained by the appetite assessment tools we used. These patients were studied by fMRI regarding the hypothalamic activity.

No interventions assigned to this group

NON-ANOREXIC CANCER PATIENTS

Four lung cancer patients were diagnosed as non-anorexic based on the results obtained by the appetite assessment tools we used. These patients were studied by fMRI regarding the hypothalamic activity.

No interventions assigned to this group

CONTROL GROUP

Two healthy volunteers with normal appetite were studied by fMRI regarding the hypothalamic activity.

No interventions assigned to this group

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Lung cancer patients at diagnosis

Exclusion Criteria

• Patients treated with immunosuppressors, with concomitant wasting diseases (e.g. AIDS, trauma, end-stage renal disease)

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 85 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

University of Roma La Sapienza

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Alessandro Laviano

MD, Associate Professor

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Alessandro Laviano, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Roma La Sapienza

Locations

Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome

Rome, Italy, Italy

Countries

Italy

Other Identifiers

FRFLAV

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id