A Human Trial to Assess the Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) Lowering Effect of Soy

NCT ID: NCT01547585

Last Updated: 2015-03-17

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

243 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2012-05-31

Study Completion Date

2013-10-31

Brief Summary

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This study is being conducted to test the hypothesis that daily consumption of a baked food product containing whole soy for 6 weeks will significantly reduce plasma Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) in individuals with hypercholesterolemia. As such the overall goals of this study are to determine whether daily consumption of muffins made from whole soy flour for 6 weeks can lower plasma LDL-Cholesterol, and if so, establish whether the effect is dose-dependent. To do this, study collaborators will: (1) conduct a detailed chemical and physical characterization of certified defatted whole soy flour that will be incorporated into a muffin; (2) formulate and produce a palatable whole soy flour muffin along with a control muffin containing wheat flour; (3) conduct a parallel controlled trial in which soy muffins will be fed randomly to persons with elevated LDL-cholesterol in a human clinical trial. All participants will be randomized into one of three groups and asked to eat two muffins daily for 6 weeks in the following combination: high dose soy; control group or low dose soy. Before, after, and mid-way during the feeding period, blood samples will be obtained for measurements of lipids, glucose, insulin, inflammation, and soy phytochemicals. The effect of soy consumption on waist circumference, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure will also be examined.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Hypercholesterolemia Cardiovascular Disease CRP

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Blinding Strategy

TRIPLE

Participants Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Control

\- Isocaloric control muffins

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Standardized soy containing muffin

Intervention Type OTHER

Standardized muffin containing two levels of soy

Low Dose Soy

\- Isocaloric muffins containing low dose of soy

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Standardized soy containing muffin

Intervention Type OTHER

Standardized muffin containing two levels of soy

High Dose Soy

\- Isocaloric muffins containing high dose soy

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Standardized soy containing muffin

Intervention Type OTHER

Standardized muffin containing two levels of soy

Interventions

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Standardized soy containing muffin

Standardized muffin containing two levels of soy

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

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Soy containing muffins

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Males and females (not pregnant or lactating) aged 30-70 year
* Body mass index (BMI) ≤40kg/m² and ≥18.5kg/m²
* Fasting plasma total cholesterol ≥5.0
* Fasting plasma LDL cholesterol ≥3.0 and \<5.0 mmol/L.

Exclusion Criteria

* Fasting plasma triglycerides ≥4.0 mmol/L
* Abnormal liver and kidney function
* Unstable body weight(\>3kg change in 3 months) or intention to lose or gain weight;
* Diabetes mellitus (fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L or use of insulin or any hypoglycemic or anti-hyperglycemic medication);
* Use of any prescription or non-prescription drug, prebiotics or probiotics, herbal or nutritional supplement known to affect blood lipids, except for stable doses (no change in 3 months) of thyroxine, oral contraceptive agents, hormone replacement therapy, and medications for controlling blood pressure);
* Major surgical or medical events within the past 3 months;
* Presence of a gastrointestinal disorder or medication that alters the digestion and absorption of nutrients; including antibiotic use within the past 6 weeks.
* Consumption of a diet containing ≥15% of energy from saturated fat;
* Any food allergy or aversion or unwillingness to eat wheat, soy or milk;
* Consumption of ≥5 servings per week of soy based food products;
* Consumption of an average of \>2 alcoholic beverages per day;
* Regular smokers (smoking ≥1 cigarette per day) of cigarettes or cigars
Minimum Eligible Age

30 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

70 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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University of Guelph

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Glycemic Index Laboratories, Inc

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role collaborator

Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Guelph Food Research Centre

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Dan Ramdath

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Alison Duncan, PhD, RD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Guelph

Thomas Wolever, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Glycemic Index Laboratories, Inc

Heather Blewett, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine

Locations

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Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine

Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Site Status

Human Nutraceutical Research Unit. University of Guelph

Guelph, Ontario, Canada

Site Status

Glycemic Index Laboratories, Inc

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Site Status

Countries

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Canada

References

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Reinwald S, Akabas SR, Weaver CM. Whole versus the piecemeal approach to evaluating soy. J Nutr. 2010 Dec;140(12):2335S-2343S. doi: 10.3945/jn.110.124925. Epub 2010 Oct 27.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20980652 (View on PubMed)

Zhang X, Shu XO, Gao YT, Yang G, Li Q, Li H, Jin F, Zheng W. Soy food consumption is associated with lower risk of coronary heart disease in Chinese women. J Nutr. 2003 Sep;133(9):2874-8. doi: 10.1093/jn/133.9.2874.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12949380 (View on PubMed)

Kokubo Y, Iso H, Ishihara J, Okada K, Inoue M, Tsugane S; JPHC Study Group. Association of dietary intake of soy, beans, and isoflavones with risk of cerebral and myocardial infarctions in Japanese populations: the Japan Public Health Center-based (JPHC) study cohort I. Circulation. 2007 Nov 27;116(22):2553-62. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.683755. Epub 2007 Nov 19.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18025534 (View on PubMed)

Nanri A, Mizoue T, Takahashi Y, Kirii K, Inoue M, Noda M, Tsugane S. Soy product and isoflavone intakes are associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in overweight Japanese women. J Nutr. 2010 Mar;140(3):580-6. doi: 10.3945/jn.109.116020. Epub 2010 Jan 6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20053935 (View on PubMed)

Yang B, Chen Y, Xu T, Yu Y, Huang T, Hu X, Li D. Systematic review and meta-analysis of soy products consumption in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(4):593-602.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22094845 (View on PubMed)

Anderson JW, Bush HM. Soy protein effects on serum lipoproteins: a quality assessment and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled studies. J Am Coll Nutr. 2011 Apr;30(2):79-91. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2011.10719947.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21730216 (View on PubMed)

Anderson JW, Johnstone BM, Cook-Newell ME. Meta-analysis of the effects of soy protein intake on serum lipids. N Engl J Med. 1995 Aug 3;333(5):276-82. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199508033330502.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 7596371 (View on PubMed)

Zhan S, Ho SC. Meta-analysis of the effects of soy protein containing isoflavones on the lipid profile. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Feb;81(2):397-408. doi: 10.1093/ajcn.81.2.397.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15699227 (View on PubMed)

Dewell A, Hollenbeck PL, Hollenbeck CB. Clinical review: a critical evaluation of the role of soy protein and isoflavone supplementation in the control of plasma cholesterol concentrations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Mar;91(3):772-80. doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-2350. Epub 2005 Dec 29.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16384855 (View on PubMed)

Sirtori CR, Eberini I, Arnoldi A. Hypocholesterolaemic effects of soya proteins: results of recent studies are predictable from the anderson meta-analysis data. Br J Nutr. 2007 May;97(5):816-22. doi: 10.1017/S0007114507670810.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17408521 (View on PubMed)

Sacks FM, Lichtenstein A, Van Horn L, Harris W, Kris-Etherton P, Winston M; American Heart Association Nutrition Committee. Soy protein, isoflavones, and cardiovascular health: an American Heart Association Science Advisory for professionals from the Nutrition Committee. Circulation. 2006 Feb 21;113(7):1034-44. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.171052. Epub 2006 Jan 17.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16418439 (View on PubMed)

Klein MA, Nahin RL, Messina MJ, Rader JI, Thompson LU, Badger TM, Dwyer JT, Kim YS, Pontzer CH, Starke-Reed PE, Weaver CM. Guidance from an NIH workshop on designing, implementing, and reporting clinical studies of soy interventions. J Nutr. 2010 Jun;140(6):1192S-1204S. doi: 10.3945/jn.110.121830. Epub 2010 Apr 14.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20392880 (View on PubMed)

Padhi EM, Blewett HJ, Duncan AM, Guzman RP, Hawke A, Seetharaman K, Tsao R, Wolever TM, Ramdath DD. Whole Soy Flour Incorporated into a Muffin and Consumed at 2 Doses of Soy Protein Does Not Lower LDL Cholesterol in a Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Trial of Hypercholesterolemic Adults. J Nutr. 2015 Dec;145(12):2665-74. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.219873. Epub 2015 Oct 7.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 26446482 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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RBPI#1746

Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT

Identifier Source: secondary_id

SOY-CVD-2012

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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