The Effects of High and Low GI Breakfasts on Cognitive Performance in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

NCT ID: NCT01047813

Last Updated: 2010-01-13

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Total Enrollment

50 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2009-09-30

Study Completion Date

2010-09-30

Brief Summary

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Consumption of a low glycemic index (GI) diet has been shown to improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetics(Brand-Miller et al., 2003; Jenkins et al., 2008). In addition to the benefits for glycaemic control there is some evidence for acute improvements in cognitive performance after consumption of low GI foods compared with high GI foods in both adults (Benton et al., 2003; Kaplan et al., 2000) and adolescents (Ingwersen et al., 2007; Smith and Foster, 2008).

Given these findings it is possible that low GI focused dietary interventions designed to improve glycaemic control and health outcomes for diabetic patients could also improve the cognitive function of these patients. This is of particular relevance in light of the evidence associating type 2 diabetes with cognitive decrements (Awad et al., 2004; Stewart and Loilitsa 1999; van Harten et al., 2006). To date two studies with type 2 diabetics have reported that a low GI breakfast was associated with increased verbal memory performance compared to a high GI breakfast (Greenwood et al., 2003; Papanikolaou et al. 2006). Further research should investigate the benefit of low GI foods to cognition.

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of high and low glycaemic index breakfast on cognitive performance in adults with type 2 diabetes. Participants will perform a battery of cognitive tests after consuming 3 different breakfasts (high GI, low GI, and water) on 3 different tests days. The participants will be recruited from the general public and from the Leeds Teaching Hospital diabetes clinic.

This research can benefit the development of specific dietary behaviours aimed at reducing diabetes related cognitive decline. This research is part of a PhD funded by the Economic and Social Research Council and the University of Leeds.

Detailed Description

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The study will conform to a randomised mixed design. Both the diabetic experimental group and the control group will take part in three conditions whereby participants will receive a high GI, a low GI, or a water breakfast delivered in a counterbalanced order. Participants will then perform the battery of cognitive tests on 2 occasions throughout the morning; 30 minutes after breakfast and 180 minutes after breakfast. Blood glucose will be measured from capillary finger-prick blood samples using diabetic glucose meters throughout the morning.

Conditions

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Type 2 Diabetes

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

CASE_CONTROL

Study Time Perspective

CROSS_SECTIONAL

Study Groups

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Type 2 diabetes

This group contains 25 participants with type 2 diabetes

No interventions assigned to this group

control group

This group contains 25 participants withput type 2 diabetes. The control group is matched with age, education and lifestyle to the diabetes group.

No interventions assigned to this group

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Able to give informed consent
* Type 2 diabetes
* White British or White North American ethnicity and native English speakers
* Not previously received or currently received subcutaneous insulin as part of their diabetes treatment.
* Vision sufficiently good to complete the cognitive testing (using glasses and/or lenses).

Exclusion Criteria

* Dementia (as indicated using the Mini Mental State Examination \<26)
* Current (or recent i.e. in last 6 months) cigarette smoker
* Neurological disorder
* Previous stroke
* Medication other than diabetes treatment medication that has a direct effect on the brain and is likely to influence cognitive function.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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University of Leeds

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Institute of Pscyhological Sciences, University of Leeds

Locations

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Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK

Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United Kingdom

Central Contacts

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Daniel J Lamport

Role: CONTACT

07792362588 ext. +44

Louise Dye, Professor

Role: CONTACT

01133435707 ext. +44

Facility Contacts

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Daniel J Lamport

Role: primary

07792362588 ext. +44

Louise Dye, Professor

Role: backup

01133435753 ext. +44

References

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Awad N, Gagnon M, Messier C. The relationship between impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes, and cognitive function. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2004 Nov;26(8):1044-80. doi: 10.1080/13803390490514875.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15590460 (View on PubMed)

Benton D, Ruffin MP, Lassel T, Nabb S, Messaoudi M, Vinoy S, Desor D, Lang V. The delivery rate of dietary carbohydrates affects cognitive performance in both rats and humans. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2003 Feb;166(1):86-90. doi: 10.1007/s00213-002-1334-5. Epub 2002 Dec 12.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12488949 (View on PubMed)

Brand-Miller J, Hayne S, Petocz P, Colagiuri S. Low-glycemic index diets in the management of diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care. 2003 Aug;26(8):2261-7. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.8.2261.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12882846 (View on PubMed)

Greenwood CE, Kaplan RJ, Hebblethwaite S, Jenkins DJ. Carbohydrate-induced memory impairment in adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003 Jul;26(7):1961-6. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.7.1961.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12832296 (View on PubMed)

Ingwersen J, Defeyter MA, Kennedy DO, Wesnes KA, Scholey AB. A low glycaemic index breakfast cereal preferentially prevents children's cognitive performance from declining throughout the morning. Appetite. 2007 Jul;49(1):240-4. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2006.06.009. Epub 2007 Jan 16.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17224202 (View on PubMed)

Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, McKeown-Eyssen G, Josse RG, Silverberg J, Booth GL, Vidgen E, Josse AR, Nguyen TH, Corrigan S, Banach MS, Ares S, Mitchell S, Emam A, Augustin LS, Parker TL, Leiter LA. Effect of a low-glycemic index or a high-cereal fiber diet on type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2008 Dec 17;300(23):2742-53. doi: 10.1001/jama.2008.808.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19088352 (View on PubMed)

Kaplan RJ, Greenwood CE, Winocur G, Wolever TM. Cognitive performance is associated with glucose regulation in healthy elderly persons and can be enhanced with glucose and dietary carbohydrates. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Sep;72(3):825-36. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/72.3.825.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10966906 (View on PubMed)

Papanikolaou Y, Palmer H, Binns MA, Jenkins DJ, Greenwood CE. Better cognitive performance following a low-glycaemic-index compared with a high-glycaemic-index carbohydrate meal in adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2006 May;49(5):855-62. doi: 10.1007/s00125-006-0183-x. Epub 2006 Mar 1.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16508776 (View on PubMed)

Smith MA, Foster JK. The impact of a high versus a low glycaemic index breakfast cereal meal on verbal episodic memory in healthy adolescents. Nutr Neurosci. 2008 Oct;11(5):219-27. doi: 10.1179/147683008X344110.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18782482 (View on PubMed)

Stewart R, Liolitsa D. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, cognitive impairment and dementia. Diabet Med. 1999 Feb;16(2):93-112. doi: 10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00027.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10229302 (View on PubMed)

van Harten B, de Leeuw FE, Weinstein HC, Scheltens P, Biessels GJ. Brain imaging in patients with diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetes Care. 2006 Nov;29(11):2539-48. doi: 10.2337/dc06-1637. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17065699 (View on PubMed)

Wong PC, Parsons LM, Martinez M, Diehl RL. The role of the insular cortex in pitch pattern perception: the effect of linguistic contexts. J Neurosci. 2004 Oct 13;24(41):9153-60. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2225-04.2004.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15483134 (View on PubMed)

Lamport DJ, Dye L, Mansfield MW, Lawton CL. Acute glycaemic load breakfast manipulations do not attenuate cognitive impairments in adults with type 2 diabetes. Clin Nutr. 2013 Apr;32(2):265-72. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.07.008. Epub 2012 Aug 15.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 22959621 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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09/H1305/15

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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