Dairy Modulation of Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress in Overweight and Obese Subjects

NCT ID: NCT00948038

Last Updated: 2009-07-29

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 20 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2007-01-31
• Study Completion Date: 2009-05-31

Brief Summary

The objective of this study is to determine the acute effects of a dairy supplement compared to a soy supplement on oxidative and inflammatory stress in overweight and obese subjects in the absence of any changes in adiposity.

Detailed Description

Obesity is associated with sub-clinical chronic oxidative and inflammatory stress, both of which are major contributors to obesity-associated co-morbidities. Calcitriol (1, 25-(OH)2-D3) regulates adipocyte lipid metabolism, while dietary calcium inhibits obesity by suppression of calcitriol. We have recently shown calcitriol to increase oxidative stress and to stimulate the expression and release of inflammatory cytokines, while inhibiting the expression and release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. We have also shown that inhibition of calcitriol with high calcium diets decreases both adipose tissue and systemic oxidative and inflammatory stress in a mouse model of obesity. Moreover, dairy exerted a greater effect on both oxidative and inflammatory stress. These mice also exhibited significant reductions in adiposity, which could lead to confounding, as this reduction will independently reduce oxidative and inflammatory stress. However, the supporting cellular/mechanistic data indicate an effect which is independent of adiposity reduction. Consequently, we propose that low calcium diets exacerbate oxidative and inflammatory stress and that high dairy diets can attenuate both independently of changes in adiposity, thereby significantly reducing the risk of obesity-associated co-morbidities. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to determine the acute effects of a dairy-rich diet on oxidative and inflammatory stress in overweight and obese subjects in the absence of any changes in adiposity.

Twenty subjects (10 obese and 10 overweight) will undergo a randomized crossover study of low dairy and high dairy eucaloric diets. Each dietary period will be four weeks, and the two dietary periods will be separated by a four-week washout period. Primary outcomes will be circulating indices of oxidative stress and of inflammation. Secondary outcomes include blood pressure, circulating glucose, insulin, lipids, calcium-regulatory hormones and body composition.

Conditions

Obesity; Overweight

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Primary Study Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
• Blinding Strategy: SINGLE

Study Groups

Soy

Soy-based supplement to normal diet

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Soy

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Soy-based smoothie containing 170 kcal, 10 g protein, 1 g fat, 30 g carbohydrate and 30 mg Ca. Three consumed each day for 28 days,

Milk

Milk-based supplement to normal diet

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Milk

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Milk-based smoothie containing 170 kcal, 10 g protein, 1 g fat, 30 g carbohydrate adn 350 mg Ca. Three consumed each day.

Interventions

Milk

Milk-based smoothie containing 170 kcal, 10 g protein, 1 g fat, 30 g carbohydrate adn 350 mg Ca. Three consumed each day.

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Soy

Soy-based smoothie containing 170 kcal, 10 g protein, 1 g fat, 30 g carbohydrate and 30 mg Ca. Three consumed each day for 28 days,

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Body mass index (BMI) 25-29.9 (n=10); 30-34.9 kg/m2 (n=10)
• Age 18-50 years
• Weight stable: no more than 3 kg weight loss during past three months

Exclusion Criteria

• BMI < 25 or >35
• Type II diabetes requiring the use of any oral antidiabetic agent and/or insulin (because of confounding effects on ROS)
• Adverse response to study foods (lactose intolerance, dairy intolerance, dairy allergy); this will be determined by self-report.
• history or presence of significant metabolic disease which could impact on the results of the study (i.e. endocrine, hepatic, renal disease)
• history of eating disorder
• presence of active gastrointestinal disorders such as malabsorption syndromes
• pregnancy or lactation
• use of obesity pharmacotherapeutic agents within the last 6 months
• use of over-the-counter anti-obesity agents (e.g. those containing phenylpropanalamine, ephedrine and/or caffeine) within the last 6 months
• Recent (current or past 12 weeks) use of any psychotropic medication
• Recent (past four weeks) initiation of an exercise program
• Recent (past twelve weeks) initiation of hormone replacement therapy or change in HRT regimen
• Recent (past twelve weeks) initiation of hormonal birth control or change in hormonal birth control regimen
• Recent (current or past 12 weeks) history of smoking

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 50 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Dairy Management Inc.

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role: collaborator

University of Tennessee

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

The University of Tennessee

Locations

The University of Tennessee

Knoxville, Tennessee, United States

Countries

United States

Other Identifiers

DMI-033

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id