Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy in Agoraphobic Participants

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

55 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2008-10-31

Study Completion Date

2012-01-31

Brief Summary

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Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) is an effective treatment for anxiety disorders, particularly for specific phobias as fear of heights and fear of flying (e.g. Powers \& Emmelkamp, 2008). Recent technological advances (e.g. more realistic avatars) make research into the efficacy of VRET for participants with elevated agoraphobic symptoms desirable. Therefore, the aim of the present research proposal is to investigate the comparative efficacy of:

1. enhanced VRET making use of the latest avatar technology with
2. exposure in vivo in agoraphobic participants
3. wait-list control.

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Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Panic Disorder Agoraphobia

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

FACTORIAL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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VRET

Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for agoraphobic participants

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for agoraphobic participants

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

This intervention is comprised of 10 sessions of cognitive behavior therapy for panic disorder and agoraphobia with components of

* Psycho-education, breathing training and cognitive restructuring
* Virtual reality Exposure to agoraphobic situations and interoceptive exposure
* Relapse prevention

Exposure in vivo

Standard exposure in vivo for panic disorder

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Standard exposure in vivo for agoraphobic participants

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

This intervention is comprised of 10 sessions of cognitive behavior therapy for panic disorder and agoraphobia with components of

* Psycho-education, breathing training and cognitive restructuring
* Standard exposure in vivo to agoraphobic situations and interoceptive exposure
* Relapse prevention (according to the protocol of Craske \& Barlow)

Wait-list control

Wait-list control group. Participants from this arm are randomized to the two active conditions after 10 weeks of waiting.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for agoraphobic participants

This intervention is comprised of 10 sessions of cognitive behavior therapy for panic disorder and agoraphobia with components of

* Psycho-education, breathing training and cognitive restructuring
* Virtual reality Exposure to agoraphobic situations and interoceptive exposure
* Relapse prevention

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Standard exposure in vivo for agoraphobic participants

This intervention is comprised of 10 sessions of cognitive behavior therapy for panic disorder and agoraphobia with components of

* Psycho-education, breathing training and cognitive restructuring
* Standard exposure in vivo to agoraphobic situations and interoceptive exposure
* Relapse prevention (according to the protocol of Craske \& Barlow)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* A full diagnosis of panic disorder with agoraphobia according to the DSM-IV
* Between the ages of 18-65 years
* Sufficient fluency in Dutch to complete treatment and research protocol

Exclusion Criteria

* Presence of medical condition, assessed by self-report questionnaires at the intake (i.e., pregnancy, seizure disorder, pacemaker)
* Current use of Beta-blockers
* Current use of tranquilizers (Benzodiazepines)
* Unstable psychotropic medication
* Substance dependence
* Psychosis
* Depression with suicidal ideation
* Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
* Dementia or other severe cognitive impairment
* Bipolar Disorder
* Borderline Personality Disorder
* Anti-social Personality Disorder

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No