0.9% NaCl/Dextrose 5% vs 0.45% NaCl/Dextrose 5% as Maintenance Intravenous Fluids in Hospitalized Children

NCT ID: NCT00632775

Last Updated: 2013-08-26

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: PHASE3
• Total Enrollment: 110 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2007-12-31
• Study Completion Date: 2012-09-30

Brief Summary

The primary objective of this study is to compare the mean serum sodium at 48 hours following the initiation of therapy with either 0.45% NaCl/dextrose 5% or 0.9% NaCl/dextrose 5%, in children requiring maintenance IV fluid administration.

Detailed Description

Hyponatremia, has become increasingly recognized as a cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized children. The main etiology of hyponatremia in these children has been attributed to the use of hypotonic maintenance IV fluids. The practice of providing IV solutions containing 20-30 mmol/L of Na is based on "physiological needs" proposed by Holliday and Segarin 1957, derived from studies of 61 adults and children. The presence of non-physiologic ADH secretion in the great majority of hospitalized children due to nausea, stress, pain, and surgical interventions, has confirmed that Holliday and Segar's recommendations are frequently inappropriately applied. To avoid the development of hyponatremia, it has been suggested that isotonic 0.9% NaCl/dextrose 5% should be the standard maintenance IV solution.

The routine use of an isotonic maintenance fluid solution has not yet been studied, and concerns exist regarding the potential for hypernatremia and salt and water overload. If isotonic solutions are to be recommended routinely, their overall safety, and specifically the occurrence of dysnatremias and volume overload, should be evaluated in a controlled prospective trial.

Conditions

Hyponatremia

Keywords

pediatrics; Hyponatremia; Sodium Chloride; maintenance fluids

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: QUADRUPLE

Study Groups

1

Subjects in this arm will receive hypotonic (0.45% NaCl/5% dextrose) intravenous (IV) maintenance fluids.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Hypotonic (0.45% NaCl/5% dextrose) IV maintenance fluids

Intervention Type: DRUG

Total daily fluid infusion equal to:

100 mls/kg/day for children weighing <10kg, 1000 mls + 50mls/kg for those weighing 10 to 20 kg, and 1500 mls +20 mls/kg for those >20kg.

2

Subjects in this arm will receive isotonic (0.9% NaCl/5% dextrose) intravenous (IV) maintenance fluids.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Isotonic (0.9% NaCl/5% dextrose) IV maintenance fluids

Intervention Type: DRUG

Total daily fluid infusion equal to:

100 mls/kg/day for children weighing <10kg, 1000 mls + 50mls/kg for those weighing 10 to 20 kg, and 1500 mls +20 mls/kg for those >20kg.

Interventions

Hypotonic (0.45% NaCl/5% dextrose) IV maintenance fluids

Total daily fluid infusion equal to:

100 mls/kg/day for children weighing <10kg, 1000 mls + 50mls/kg for those weighing 10 to 20 kg, and 1500 mls +20 mls/kg for those >20kg.

Intervention Type: DRUG

Isotonic (0.9% NaCl/5% dextrose) IV maintenance fluids

Total daily fluid infusion equal to:

100 mls/kg/day for children weighing <10kg, 1000 mls + 50mls/kg for those weighing 10 to 20 kg, and 1500 mls +20 mls/kg for those >20kg.

Intervention Type: DRUG

Other Intervention Names

0.45% Sodium Chloride/5% dextrose; 0.9% Sodium Chloride/5% Dextrose

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Aged 1 month to 18 years
• Anticipated hospitalization >48 hours
• Initial plasma Na between 135-145 mmol/L, with a management plan(determined by the responsible physician) to include IV fluids at > 80% of maintenance
• For children who have had an IV saline bolus, it must have been completed three or more hours prior to having baseline bloods
• Baseline bloods must be drawn within 3 hours of initial patient contact.

Exclusion Criteria

• Diagnosed with, or clinically suspected to have, any of the following: dehydration/gastroenteritis, heart or liver failure, portal hypertension with ascites, metabolic disease, SIADH, diabetes insipidus or mellitus, hypertension, adrenal insufficiency, renal failure [creatinine>100 μmol/L (<3 years); >150 μmol/L (> 3 years)], nephritic or nephrotic syndrome, Kawasaki disease, Sickle cell disease if requiring hyperhydration.
• Clinically edematous
• On diuretic medications
• Plasma glucose is >15 mmol/L
• Require CCU admission
• Any patients requiring IV maintenance therapy having conditions/diseases not listed as excluded are eligible to be in this study

• Minimum Eligible Age: 1 Month
• Maximum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

The Hospital for Sick Children

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Denis Geary

Nephrologist

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Denis Geary, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto Canada

Locations

The Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Countries

Canada

References

Friedman JN, Beck CE, DeGroot J, Geary DF, Sklansky DJ, Freedman SB. Comparison of isotonic and hypotonic intravenous maintenance fluids: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2015 May;169(5):445-51. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.3809.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 25751673 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

1000011114

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id