Periodontal and Periapical Inflammation and Pregnancy

NCT ID: NCT00490165

Last Updated: 2012-04-06

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Total Enrollment: 30 participants
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2007-03-31
• Study Completion Date: 2011-12-31

Brief Summary

This is a retrospective chart review of patient records at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. We are not actively recruiting patients for this study. Recent animal studies we conducted showed that periapical abscesses during pregnancy cause a systemic inflammatory response in the mother. Also due to the increase in TNF-alpha (an inflammatory cytokine) the mother also become insulin resistant and thus developed gestational diabetes. Periodontal inflammation has been shown in the research to lead to low-birth weight and pre-term birth. We are looking retrospectively to see if an association exists in charted data between periapical and periodontal inflammation and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Detailed Description

A. Specific Aims

1. To determine possible associations between periapical oral infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes in female patients in the School of Dentistry, the Dental/Dental Emergent Care Clinic (Jackson Medical Mall), and the UMC Hospital.

2. To examine the effects of several confounding variables related to stress from pain from the periapical infections on these adverse outcomes.

B. Background and Significance

During the past five years there has been increasing evidence for associations between periodontal infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes in humans, including preterm birth, low birth-weight babies, gestational diabetes, miscarriage, and preeclampsia. These events likely result from oral infections because bacteremia and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from the diseased oral sites have been described.

Proinflammatory cytokines have been reported to be harmful and destructive to a successful pregnancy. The adverse fetal inflammatory response to TNF-alpha, IL-6 and C-reactive protein has been associated with preterm birth. These cytokines are also commonly associated with oral infections, both periodontal and periapical11. In addition, oral infections often produce pain and stress, which are considered harmful to a successful pregnancy. Since the effects of periodontal infections on adverse pregnancy outcomes have been described, it would be worthwhile to examine the specific effects of oral periapical abscesses on adverse birth outcomes, to begin to determine whether there is an association between this type of oral infection and these adverse outcomes.

There is no published information concerning the possible associations of tooth abscesses on pregnancy outcomes. In addition, there is no known biological mechanism for the direct link between periodontal infections, pre-term birth and low birth-weight babies. Secondary factors such as age, race, and life-style likely confound assessment of these associations. There are some preliminary studies of these variables in regard to the association between periodontal infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes, but not for periapical lesions. Since periapical lesions produce pain, these secondary factors could be more important to pregnancy outcomes than the primary factors (bacteria and proinflammatory cytokines).

C. Data collection. Archived dental records from female patients treated during the past three years at the University of Mississippi School of Dentistry and the Dental/Dental Emergent Care Clinic (Jackson Medical Mall) will be examined. Each patient record will be assigned a study number, and data will be entered on an Excel spreadsheet using that study number. Since the pregnancy outcome is part of the UMC Hospital record, the principal investigator will link the dental and hospital records using the patient name. However, the data collected will use a research number. Following the procedure for linking the patient records, the patient name will be discarded. Thus, it will not be possible to link an individual patient to the study data.

The following information will be recorded: age, pregnancy status, number of pulpal abscesses, number of sites of periodontitis (pocket depth ≥ 4 mm), race, highest level of education, DMFT (decayed, missing, filled teeth), number of children, past pregnancy outcomes, diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, and any other known pregnancy related conditions experienced during previous pregnancies from the records of the Dental/Emergent Dental Care Clinic. We will define adverse pregnancy outcomes as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, pre-term birth, and a low-birthweight infant from the UMC hospital records.

D. Statistical Analysis of data. The data will be analyzed using SPSS v12 using appropriate statistical tests, including factorial ANOVA with post hoc tests, multivariate logistic regression, the Spearman correlation test, and chi square analysis.

Conditions

Periodontal Disease; Periapical Disease; Pregnancy; Diabetes; Cardiovascular Disease; Dental Caries

Study Design

• Observational Model Type: COHORT
• Study Time Perspective: RETROSPECTIVE

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Female
• Child bearing age or above

Exclusion Criteria

• Male
• Very young children (before child-bearing age)

• Minimum Eligible Age: 10 Years
• Eligible Sex: FEMALE
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Roger Johnson

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Roger Johnson

Professor

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Jennifer L Bain, BS

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Mississippi Medical Center

Roger Johnson, PhD; DMD

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

University of Mississippi Medical Center

Locations

University of Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi, United States

Countries

United States

Other Identifiers

2006-0198

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id