The Safety and Effectiveness of Adefovir Dipivoxil in the Treatment of HIV-Infected Patients

NCT ID: NCT00001082

Last Updated: 2013-10-01

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

505 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

1996-12-31

Study Completion Date

1999-08-31

Brief Summary

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To evaluate the safety and efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil in prolonging survival of patients with advanced HIV disease. In CMV prophylaxis substudy: To evaluate the efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil in preventing the development of CMV end-organ disease in patients with advanced HIV coinfected with CMV.

The optimal treatment for HIV infection and the prevention of CMV disease has not been identified. Currently available antiretroviral therapies are hampered by both significant toxicities and the development of resistance. In addition, agents for preventing CMV disease, such as oral ganciclovir, are complicated by poor bioavailability and decreased compliance secondary to toxicities. Moreover, discordant results have been reported regarding the effectiveness of oral ganciclovir for preventing CMV disease. There is a need for newer agents with anti-HIV and anti-herpesvirus activity that have good pharmacokinetic and safety profiles and that will be well tolerated by patients. Adefovir dipivoxil is an oral pro-drug of PMEA, a nucleoside analog with activity against a broad spectrum of retroviruses and herpesviruses, including important human pathogens, such as HIV-1, HIV-2 and CMV. Due to its anti-HIV and anti-herpesvirus activity, adefovir dipivoxil may be able to decrease the incidence of opportunistic herpesvirus infections and prolong survival in patients with advanced HIV infection.

Detailed Description

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The optimal treatment for HIV infection and the prevention of CMV disease has not been identified. Currently available antiretroviral therapies are hampered by both significant toxicities and the development of resistance. In addition, agents for preventing CMV disease, such as oral ganciclovir, are complicated by poor bioavailability and decreased compliance secondary to toxicities. Moreover, discordant results have been reported regarding the effectiveness of oral ganciclovir for preventing CMV disease. There is a need for newer agents with anti-HIV and anti-herpesvirus activity that have good pharmacokinetic and safety profiles and that will be well tolerated by patients. Adefovir dipivoxil is an oral pro-drug of PMEA, a nucleoside analog with activity against a broad spectrum of retroviruses and herpesviruses, including important human pathogens, such as HIV-1, HIV-2 and CMV. Due to its anti-HIV and anti-herpesvirus activity, adefovir dipivoxil may be able to decrease the incidence of opportunistic herpesvirus infections and prolong survival in patients with advanced HIV infection.

All patients will be enrolled within the first 18 months of the study. They will be randomized to 1 of 2 groups. Group 1 will be comprised of 1080 patients and will receive adefovir dipivoxil plus L-carnitine and group 2 will be comprised of 1080 patients and will receive a placebo plus L-carnitine. At least the first 400 patients enrolled (200 in each group) will comprise the safety-HIV virology cohort. These patients will have more frequent follow up visits, additional laboratory evaluations, and more intensive safety data information during the first 6 months. NOTE: At least 850 patients who are infected with CMV are followed for the development of CMV end-organ disease in a CMV prophylaxis substudy.

AS PER AMENDMENT 8/7/97: All patients are enrolled in the primary study and randomized to the treatment or placebo regimen. Within the primary study, patients meeting specified criteria may be enrolled in one or more of the following cohorts:

1. Safety-HIV virology cohort (at least the first 400 patients enrolled in the study regardless of CMV status).
2. CMV bDNA cohort (those patients in the safety-HIV virology cohort who are CMV-positive).
3. CMV-virology cohort (the first 400 patients in the CMV bDNA cohort enrolled at sites able to obtain CMV urine cultures).

All patients who are CMV-positive are enrolled in the CMV prophylaxis substudy.

Conditions

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Cytomegalovirus Infections HIV Infections

Keywords

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Cytomegalovirus Infections Antiviral Agents CD4 Lymphocyte Count Prodrugs Survival Adenine

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Caregivers

Study Groups

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1

Participants will receive adefovir dipivoxil and L-carnitine

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Levocarnitine

Intervention Type DRUG

500 mg tablet taken orally daily

Adefovir dipivoxil

Intervention Type DRUG

120 mg tablet taken orally daily

2

Participants will receive adefovir dipivoxil placebo and L-carnitine.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Levocarnitine

Intervention Type DRUG

500 mg tablet taken orally daily

Adefovir dipivoxil placebo

Intervention Type DRUG

Oral placebo tablet taken daily

Interventions

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Levocarnitine

500 mg tablet taken orally daily

Intervention Type DRUG

Adefovir dipivoxil

120 mg tablet taken orally daily

Intervention Type DRUG

Adefovir dipivoxil placebo

Oral placebo tablet taken daily

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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L-carnitine

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

Concurrent Medication:

Allowed:

* Chronically administered concomitant therapies for HIV and opportunistic diseases, including chemotherapy for cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma, must be on these therapies for at least 30 days prior to study entry.
* Short courses of oral antibiotics or other therapies given for a limited period of 3 weeks.
* Episodic use of IV acyclovir or oral acyclovir \> 1g/day for treatment of acute illness is permitted at the clinician's discretion.

Patients must have:

* A working diagnosis of HIV infection based on the patient's medical history, behavioral history, clinical signs and symptoms, or results of other laboratory tests.
* CD4+ cell count \<= 100 cells/mm3 within 60 days prior to randomization (OR, AS PER AMENDMENT 8/7/97, a CD4+ cell count that is both \> 100 and \<= 200 cells/mm3 within 60 days prior to randomization and a documented nadir CD4+ cell count \<= 50 cells/ mm3 at any time prior to randomization).
* Reasonably good health.
* Life expectancy of at least 6 months.
* Access to a refrigerator for the storage of adefovir dipivoxil.
* Signed informed consent from parent or legal guardian for patients less than 18 years of age.

AS PER AMENDMENT 8/7/97:

* CMV serology (IgG) positive (CMV bDNA cohort and CMV-virology cohort).

Exclusion Criteria

Co-existing Condition:

Patients with the following symptoms and conditions are excluded:

* Evidence of active CMV disease at screening.
* Conditions that would require use of medications listed in Exclusion Concurrent Medications.

Concurrent Medication:

Excluded:

* Any investigational anti-CMV agent.
* Adenine arabinoside (vidarabine).
* Amantadine hydrochloride (Symmetrel).
* Cidofovir (Vistide).
* CMV hyperimmune globulin.
* Cytosine arabinoside (cytarabine).
* Famciclovir.
* Foscarnet (phosphonoformic acid).
* Ganciclovir (Cytovene).
* GW 1263W94 (Benzamidazole).
* Idoxuridine.
* Intravenous acyclovir.
* ISIS 2922 (Anti-sense).
* Lobucavir.
* MSL109.
* Oral acyclovir \> 1 g/day.
* Valacyclovir.

Patients with the following prior conditions are excluded:

* History of CMV end-organ disease.

Prior Medication:

Excluded within 2 weeks of randomization:

* Any investigational anti-CMV agent.
* Adenine arabinoside (vidarabine).
* Amantadine hydrochloride (Symmetrel).
* Cidofovir (Vistide).
* CMV hyperimmune globulin.
* Cytosine arabinoside (cytarabine).
* Famciclovir.
* Ganciclovir (Cytovene).
* GW 1263W94 (Benzamidazole).
* Idoxuridine.
* Intravenous acyclovir.
* ISIS 2922 (Anti-sense).
* Lobucavir.
* MSL109.
* Oral acyclovir \> 1 g/day.
* Valacyclovir.

Excluded within 60 days prior to study entry:

* Foscarnet.
Minimum Eligible Age

13 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

NIH

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Brosgart C

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Fisher E

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Locations

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Community Consortium / UCSF

San Francisco, California, United States

Site Status

Denver CPCRA / Denver Public Hlth

Denver, Colorado, United States

Site Status

Washington Reg AIDS Prog / Dept of Infect Dis

Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States

Site Status

AIDS Research Consortium of Atlanta

Atlanta, Georgia, United States

Site Status

AIDS Research Alliance - Chicago

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Louisiana Comm AIDS Rsch Prog / Tulane Univ Med

New Orleans, Louisiana, United States

Site Status

Wayne State Univ - WSU/DMC / Univ Hlth Ctr

Detroit, Michigan, United States

Site Status

Henry Ford Hosp

Detroit, Michigan, United States

Site Status

Southern New Jersey AIDS Cln Trials / Dept of Med

Camden, New Jersey, United States

Site Status

North Jersey Community Research Initiative

Newark, New Jersey, United States

Site Status

Partners in Research / New Mexico

Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States

Site Status

Harlem AIDS Treatment Grp / Harlem Hosp Ctr

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

The Research and Education Group

Portland, Oregon, United States

Site Status

Philadelphia FIGHT

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Richmond AIDS Consortium / Div of Infect Diseases

Richmond, Virginia, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Fisher E, Brosgart C, Cohn D, Chaloner K, Pulling C, Alston B, Schmetter B, El-Sadr W. Placebo (PLC)-controlled, multicenter trial of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) in patients (pt) with HIV disease. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect. 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4;6th:160 (abstract no 491)

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Brosgart C, Fisher E, Pulling C, Chaloner K, Cohn D, Elsadr W, Verheggen R, Schmetter B, Alston B. Prevalence of asymptomatic CMV retinitis (CMVR) in AIDS patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect. 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4;6th:152 (abstract no 453)

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Fisher E, Brosgart C, Cohn D, Chaloner K, Pulling C, Schmetter B, Alston B, El-Sadr W. Safety of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) and incidence of proximal renal tubular disorder (PRTD) in a placebo (PLC)-controlled trial in patients (pt) with advanced HIV disease. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect. 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4;6th:195 (abstract no 678)

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Brosgart C, Pulling C, Chaloner K, Fisher E, Coakley D, Diggins M, Ivannidis J. Serum carnitine levels in AIDS patients with advanced HIV disease from the CPCRA 039 trial. Int Conf AIDS. 1998;12:1094 (abstract no 60508)

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Other Identifiers

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11589

Identifier Type: REGISTRY

Identifier Source: secondary_id

CPCRA 039

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id