Women's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study (WAFACS)

NCT ID: NCT00000541

Last Updated: 2020-07-15

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE2

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

1993-05-31

Study Completion Date

2005-07-31

Brief Summary

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To determine if supplements of vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and B-vitamins (a combination of folic acid, vitamins B6 and B12) reduce risk of major cardiovascular events in high risk women with a prior history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The trial is a companion to the Women's Health Study (WHS), a primary prevention trial of vitamin E and aspirin in a low risk population of women.

Detailed Description

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The Women's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study tested the effects of vitamin C (500 mg/day), vitamin E (600 IU every other day), and/or beta carotene (50 mg every other day) on the risk of major cardiovascular events (a combined outcome of myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, or cardiovascular death) among 8171 female health professionals at increased risk. Participants were 40 years or older with a history of cardiovascular disease or 3 or more cardiovascular risk factors and were followed for an average duration of 9.4 years, from 1995-1996 to 2005. In 1998, 5442 of these participants were further randomized to the B-vitamin intervention (a daily combination pill containing folic acid \[2.5 mg\], vitamin B6 \[50 mg\], vitamin B12 \[1 mg\]) and were followed for 7.3 years, from April 1998 through July 2005.

Conditions

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Cardiovascular Diseases Coronary Arteriosclerosis Coronary Disease Heart Diseases Myocardial Infarction Myocardial Ischemia

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

FACTORIAL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Interventions

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dietary supplements

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

vitamin C

Intervention Type DRUG

vitamin E

Intervention Type DRUG

beta-carotene

Intervention Type DRUG

folic acid/Vitamin B6/Vitamin B12

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

Women, aged 40 and over, at high risk, with a history of cardiovascular disease or three or more coronary heart disease risk factors.
Minimum Eligible Age

40 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

Brigham and Women's Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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JoAnn E. Manson, MD

Chief, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Professor of Medicine and the Michael and Lee Bell Professor of Women's Health, Harvard Medical School

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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JoAnn Manson

Role:

Brigham and Women's Hospital

References

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Manson JE, Gaziano JM, Spelsberg A, Ridker PM, Cook NR, Buring JE, Willett WC, Hennekens CH. A secondary prevention trial of antioxidant vitamins and cardiovascular disease in women. Rationale, design, and methods. The WACS Research Group. Ann Epidemiol. 1995 Jul;5(4):261-9. doi: 10.1016/1047-2797(94)00091-7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8520707 (View on PubMed)

Mason PJ, Manson JE, Sesso HD, Albert CM, Chown MJ, Cook NR, Greenland P, Ridker PM, Glynn RJ. Blood pressure and risk of secondary cardiovascular events in women: the Women's Antioxidant Cardiovascular Study (WACS). Circulation. 2004 Apr 6;109(13):1623-9. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000124488.06377.77. Epub 2004 Mar 15.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15023883 (View on PubMed)

Bassuk SS, Albert CM, Cook NR, Zaharris E, MacFadyen JG, Danielson E, Van Denburgh M, Buring JE, Manson JE. The Women's Antioxidant Cardiovascular Study: design and baseline characteristics of participants. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2004 Jan-Feb;13(1):99-117. doi: 10.1089/154099904322836519.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15006283 (View on PubMed)

Cook NR, Albert CM, Gaziano JM, Zaharris E, MacFadyen J, Danielson E, Buring JE, Manson JE. A randomized factorial trial of vitamins C and E and beta carotene in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in women: results from the Women's Antioxidant Cardiovascular Study. Arch Intern Med. 2007 Aug 13-27;167(15):1610-8. doi: 10.1001/archinte.167.15.1610.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 17698683 (View on PubMed)

Zhang SM, Cook NR, Albert CM, Gaziano JM, Buring JE, Manson JE. Effect of combined folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 on cancer risk in women: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2008 Nov 5;300(17):2012-21. doi: 10.1001/jama.2008.555.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 18984888 (View on PubMed)

Kang JH, Cook N, Manson J, Buring JE, Albert CM, Grodstein F. A trial of B vitamins and cognitive function among women at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Dec;88(6):1602-10. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26404.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 19064521 (View on PubMed)

Albert CM, Cook NR, Gaziano JM, Zaharris E, MacFadyen J, Danielson E, Buring JE, Manson JE. Effect of folic acid and B vitamins on risk of cardiovascular events and total mortality among women at high risk for cardiovascular disease: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2008 May 7;299(17):2027-36. doi: 10.1001/jama.299.17.2027.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 18460663 (View on PubMed)

Song Y, Cook NR, Albert CM, Van Denburgh M, Manson JE. Effects of vitamins C and E and beta-carotene on the risk of type 2 diabetes in women at high risk of cardiovascular disease: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Aug;90(2):429-37. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27491. Epub 2009 Jun 2.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 19491386 (View on PubMed)

Song Y, Cook NR, Albert CM, Van Denburgh M, Manson JE. Effect of homocysteine-lowering treatment with folic Acid and B vitamins on risk of type 2 diabetes in women: a randomized, controlled trial. Diabetes. 2009 Aug;58(8):1921-8. doi: 10.2337/db09-0087. Epub 2009 Jun 2.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 19491213 (View on PubMed)

Lin J, Cook NR, Albert C, Zaharris E, Gaziano JM, Van Denburgh M, Buring JE, Manson JE. Vitamins C and E and beta carotene supplementation and cancer risk: a randomized controlled trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009 Jan 7;101(1):14-23. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djn438. Epub 2008 Dec 30.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 19116389 (View on PubMed)

Kang JH, Cook NR, Manson JE, Buring JE, Albert CM, Grodstein F. Vitamin E, vitamin C, beta carotene, and cognitive function among women with or at risk of cardiovascular disease: The Women's Antioxidant and Cardiovascular Study. Circulation. 2009 Jun 2;119(21):2772-80. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.816900. Epub 2009 May 18.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 19451353 (View on PubMed)

Christen WG, Glynn RJ, Chew EY, Albert CM, Manson JE. Folic acid, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin combination treatment and age-related macular degeneration in women: the Women's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study. Arch Intern Med. 2009 Feb 23;169(4):335-41. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2008.574.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 19237716 (View on PubMed)

Song Y, Manson JE, Lee IM, Cook NR, Paul L, Selhub J, Giovannucci E, Zhang SM. Effect of combined folic acid, vitamin B(6), and vitamin B(12) on colorectal adenoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012 Oct 17;104(20):1562-75. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djs370. Epub 2012 Oct 12.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 23066166 (View on PubMed)

Aday AW, Duran EK, Van Denburgh M, Kim E, Christen WG, Manson JE, Ridker PM, Pradhan AD. Homocysteine Is Associated With Future Venous Thromboembolism in 2 Prospective Cohorts of Women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2021 Jul;41(7):2215-2224. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.121.316397. Epub 2021 May 27.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 34039021 (View on PubMed)

Christen WG, Cook NR, Van Denburgh M, Zaharris E, Albert CM, Manson JE. Effect of Combined Treatment With Folic Acid, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 on Plasma Biomarkers of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in Women. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018 May 18;7(11):e008517. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.008517.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 29776960 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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R01HL046959

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

84

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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