Study Results
Results pending
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Basic Information
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Recruitment Status
COMPLETED
Clinical Phase
PHASE2
Study Classification
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Start Date
1985-07-31
Study Completion Date
1989-11-30
Brief Summary
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To test the efficacy of intravenous gamma globulin (IVGG) in preventing coronary artery aneurysms in children with Kawasaki Syndrome.
Detailed Description
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BACKGROUND:
Kawasaki Syndrome is an acute febrile illness that occurs predominantly in previously healthy young children. It is of unknown etiology and was first described in Japan in 1967. The illness carries an acute mortality rate of approximately 3 percent. The Centers for Disease Control defines Kawasaki Syndrome as a fever lasting five or more days for which no explanation can be found. Patients also must have at least four of the following symptoms: bilateral conjunctival infection; infected or fissured lips, pharynx, or a 'strawberry tongue'; erythema of the palms or soles, or edema of the hands or feet, or generalized or periungual desquamation; rash; and cervical lymphadenopathy.
Coronary artery aneurysms occur in 15-20 percent of children with the illness. In the past, no treatment had been shown to be effective in preventing this complication. Investigators in Japan began to use IVGG to reduce the aneurysm formation. Preliminary results showing the usefulness of this therapy led to a multicenter trial in Japan in which 400 mg/kg/day of IVGG were given for five days to children also receiving aspirin for the condition. Results of the Japanese trial showed that within 29 days of the onset of the disease, coronary artery dilatation had developed in 42 percent of the aspirin-treated children and in 15 percent of the IVGG and aspirin-treated children.
DESIGN NARRATIVE:
Phase I was randomized, unblinded and stratified by age, sex, and center. Subjects were randomized to receive either 80 to 120 mg/kg/day of aspirin through day 14 of illness, subsequently reduced to 3 to 5 mg/kg/day as a single daily dose or to 400 mg/kg/day of intravenous gamma globulin for four consecutive days plus aspirin as above. Primary endpoint was formation of aneurysms as demonstrated by echocardiograms. Follow-up was for 7 weeks.
Phase II of the trial began enrollment of 549 patients in May 1986 and ended enrollment in November 1989. Two hundred and seventy six children were randomized to receive 400 mg/kg of intravenous gamma globulin over four consecutive days. Two hundred and seventy-three received a single infusion of 2 g/kg of body weight over 10 hours. Both treatment groups received 100 mg/kg of aspirin per day through day 14 and then 3 to 5 mg/kg per day. The primary outcome variables were the presence or absence of coronary artery abnormalities evident at the two week and seven week follow-up examinations. Echocardiograms were obtained for 523 children at the two week visit and for 520 children at the seven week visit.
Kawasaki Syndrome is an acute febrile illness that occurs predominantly in previously healthy young children. It is of unknown etiology and was first described in Japan in 1967. The illness carries an acute mortality rate of approximately 3 percent. The Centers for Disease Control defines Kawasaki Syndrome as a fever lasting five or more days for which no explanation can be found. Patients also must have at least four of the following symptoms: bilateral conjunctival infection; infected or fissured lips, pharynx, or a 'strawberry tongue'; erythema of the palms or soles, or edema of the hands or feet, or generalized or periungual desquamation; rash; and cervical lymphadenopathy.
Coronary artery aneurysms occur in 15-20 percent of children with the illness. In the past, no treatment had been shown to be effective in preventing this complication. Investigators in Japan began to use IVGG to reduce the aneurysm formation. Preliminary results showing the usefulness of this therapy led to a multicenter trial in Japan in which 400 mg/kg/day of IVGG were given for five days to children also receiving aspirin for the condition. Results of the Japanese trial showed that within 29 days of the onset of the disease, coronary artery dilatation had developed in 42 percent of the aspirin-treated children and in 15 percent of the IVGG and aspirin-treated children.
DESIGN NARRATIVE:
Phase I was randomized, unblinded and stratified by age, sex, and center. Subjects were randomized to receive either 80 to 120 mg/kg/day of aspirin through day 14 of illness, subsequently reduced to 3 to 5 mg/kg/day as a single daily dose or to 400 mg/kg/day of intravenous gamma globulin for four consecutive days plus aspirin as above. Primary endpoint was formation of aneurysms as demonstrated by echocardiograms. Follow-up was for 7 weeks.
Phase II of the trial began enrollment of 549 patients in May 1986 and ended enrollment in November 1989. Two hundred and seventy six children were randomized to receive 400 mg/kg of intravenous gamma globulin over four consecutive days. Two hundred and seventy-three received a single infusion of 2 g/kg of body weight over 10 hours. Both treatment groups received 100 mg/kg of aspirin per day through day 14 and then 3 to 5 mg/kg per day. The primary outcome variables were the presence or absence of coronary artery abnormalities evident at the two week and seven week follow-up examinations. Echocardiograms were obtained for 523 children at the two week visit and for 520 children at the seven week visit.
Conditions
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Cardiovascular Diseases
Coronary Aneurysm
Heart Diseases
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome
Study Design
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Allocation Method
RANDOMIZED
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Primary Study Purpose
PREVENTION
Interventions
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immunoglobulins, intravenous
Intervention Type
DRUG
aspirin
Intervention Type
DRUG
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
Boys and girls who met the CDC criteria for Kawasaki Syndrome.
Exclusion Criteria
Subjects were excluded if they presented themselves to the participating centers after the tenth day of illness.
Minimum Eligible Age
1 Year
Maximum Eligible Age
17 Years
Eligible Sex
ALL
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Sponsors
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National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
NIH
Sponsor Role
lead
Principal Investigators
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Fred Rosen
Role:
Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
References
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Newburger JW, Takahashi M, Burns JC, Beiser AS, Chung KJ, Duffy CE, Glode MP, Mason WH, Reddy V, Sanders SP, et al. The treatment of Kawasaki syndrome with intravenous gamma globulin. N Engl J Med. 1986 Aug 7;315(6):341-7. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198608073150601.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Burns JC, Geha RS, Schneeberger EE, Newburger JW, Rosen FS, Glezen LS, Huang AS, Natale J, Leung DY. Polymerase activity in lymphocyte culture supernatants from patients with Kawasaki disease. Nature. 1986 Oct 30-Nov 5;323(6091):814-6. doi: 10.1038/323814a0.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Shulman ST, Rowley AH. Does Kawasaki disease have a retroviral aetiology? Lancet. 1986 Sep 6;2(8506):545-6. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90115-7.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Leung DY, Geha RS, Newburger JW, Burns JC, Fiers W, Lapierre LA, Pober JS. Two monokines, interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor, render cultured vascular endothelial cells susceptible to lysis by antibodies circulating during Kawasaki syndrome. J Exp Med. 1986 Dec 1;164(6):1958-72. doi: 10.1084/jem.164.6.1958.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Burns JC, Wiggins JW Jr, Toews WH, Newburger JW, Leung DY, Wilson H, Glode MP. Clinical spectrum of Kawasaki disease in infants younger than 6 months of age. J Pediatr. 1986 Nov;109(5):759-63. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(86)80689-8.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Gidding SS, Shulman ST, Ilbawi M, Crussi F, Duffy CE. Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease): delayed aortic and mitral insufficiency secondary to active valvulitis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986 Apr;7(4):894-7. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(86)80354-0.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Hicks RV, Melish ME. Kawasaki syndrome. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1986 Oct;33(5):1151-75. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36113-2.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Melish ME, and Hicks RV. Kawasaki Syndrome. In: John D. Nelson (editor) Current Therapy in Pediatric Infectious Disease, pp. 106-162. The C.V. Mosby Co., 1986.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Takahashi M, Mason W, Lewis AB. Regression of coronary aneurysms in patients with Kawasaki syndrome. Circulation. 1987 Feb;75(2):387-94. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.75.2.387.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Leung DY, Burns JC, Newburger JW, Geha RS. Reversal of lymphocyte activation in vivo in the Kawasaki syndrome by intravenous gammaglobulin. J Clin Invest. 1987 Feb;79(2):468-72. doi: 10.1172/JCI112835.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Rowley AH, Gonzalez-Crussi F, Gidding SS, Duffy CE, Shulman ST. Incomplete Kawasaki disease with coronary artery involvement. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1987;250:357-65. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Rowley AH, Shulman ST. The search for the etiology of Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1987 Jun;6(6):506-8. doi: 10.1097/00006454-198706000-00002. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Gidding SS, Duffy CE, Pajcic S, Berdusis K, Shulman ST. Usefulness of echocardiographic evidence of pericardial effusion and mitral regurgitation during the acute stage in predicting development of coronary arterial aneurysms in the late stage of Kawasaki disease. Am J Cardiol. 1987 Jul 1;60(1):76-9. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(87)90988-x.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Rowley AH, Shulman ST. Kawasaki disease: new etiologic clues and advances in therapy. Pediatr Dermatol. 1987 Aug;4(2):134-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.1987.tb00767.x. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Rowley AH, Gonzalez-Crussi F, Gidding SS, Duffy CE, Shulman ST. Incomplete Kawasaki disease with coronary artery involvement. J Pediatr. 1987 Mar;110(3):409-13. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(87)80503-6.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Rowley AH, Shulman ST, Preble OT, Poiesz BJ, Ehrlich GD, Sullivan JR. Serum interferon concentrations and retroviral serology in Kawasaki syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1988 Sep;7(9):663-6. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Rowley AH, Shulman ST. What is the status of intravenous gamma-globulin for Kawasaki syndrome in the United States and Canada? Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1988 Jul;7(7):463-6. doi: 10.1097/00006454-198807000-00001. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Rowley AH, Duffy CE, Shulman ST. Prevention of giant coronary artery aneurysms in Kawasaki disease by intravenous gamma globulin therapy. J Pediatr. 1988 Aug;113(2):290-4. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(88)80267-1.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Leung DY, Cotran RS, Kurt-Jones E, Burns JC, Newburger JW, Pober JS. Endothelial cell activation and high interleukin-1 secretion in the pathogenesis of acute Kawasaki disease. Lancet. 1989 Dec 2;2(8675):1298-302. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91910-7.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Newburger JW, Sanders SP, Burns JC, Parness IA, Beiser AS, Colan SD. Left ventricular contractility and function in Kawasaki syndrome. Effect of intravenous gamma-globulin. Circulation. 1989 Jun;79(6):1237-46. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.79.6.1237.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Burns JC, Huang AS, Newburger JW, Reinhart AL, Walsh MM, Hoch S, Leung DY. Characterization of the polymerase activity associated with cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Res. 1990 Feb;27(2):109-12. doi: 10.1203/00006450-199002000-00001.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Newburger JW, Takahashi M, Beiser AS, Burns JC, Bastian J, Chung KJ, Colan SD, Duffy CE, Fulton DR, Glode MP, et al. A single intravenous infusion of gamma globulin as compared with four infusions in the treatment of acute Kawasaki syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1991 Jun 6;324(23):1633-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199106063242305.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Other Identifiers
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39
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id