Treatment of Panic Disorder: Long Term Strategies

NCT ID: NCT00000368

Last Updated: 2014-03-18

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

379 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

1999-02-28

Study Completion Date

2004-07-31

Brief Summary

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Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) with or without medication has been used in the treatment of panic disorder (PD). The purpose of this study is 1) to determine whether nine months of maintenance cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) significantly improves the likelihood of sustained improvement; and 2) to determine the acute acceptability and efficacy of medication therapy or continued CBT alone among patients who fail to respond sufficiently to an initial course of CBT alone.

It has been found that patients with PD respond as well to CBT or medication alone as they do to a combination of the two. Since the combined treatments are expensive and CBT is associated with less risk of medical toxicity compared to medications, CBT alone will be used first.

All patients will first receive CBT alone. If the patient responds to this therapy, the patient will be assigned randomly (like tossing a coin) to 1 of 2 groups. One group will continue to receive CBT (maintenance therapy) for 9 months. The other group of responders will not receive any further therapy. If a patient does not respond to CBT alone, he/she will be assigned randomly to 1 of 2 different groups. One group will receive paroxetine; the other will continue to receive CBT for a longer period. The response to treatment will be evaluated to see which regimen works best to treat PD. The study will last approximately 3 years.

An individual may be eligible for this study if he/she has panic disorder with no more than mild agoraphobia (fear of being in public places) and is at least 18 years old.

Detailed Description

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To determine if maintenance CBT produces a more sustained improvement among patients with panic disorder (PD) who respond to an initial course of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) alone. For those who do not respond sufficiently to CBT alone, to determine if the addition of pharmacotherapy is acceptable and if this improves response among those inadequate responders to CBT alone.

This multicenter study builds upon the findings of a prior study comparing imipramine, placebo, CBT, and their combination in the treatment of PD patients with no more than mild agoraphobia. That study found response rates were as high with CBT or imipramine alone as with their combination. Given the added cost of combined treatments, it therefore seems reasonable to begin with monotherapy. Further, following general principles of medical practice, it would be reasonable to initiate treatment with the less invasive cognitive behavioral intervention. It is then important to learn what should be done following initial treatment.

All patients initially receive CBT alone. Patients are then randomized into 1 of 2 post-acute studies, depending on response status. Responders are randomized to a maintenance study comparing no maintenance with 9 months of continued CBT. Nonresponders are randomized to a study comparing paroxetine with continued CBT. The following outcomes will be examined: the necessity of maintenance therapy in maintaining response; the ability of adjunct pharmacotherapy to improve the response of patients who did not respond to CBT alone; possible predictors of response and relapse; and possible mediators of response.

Conditions

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Panic Disorder Agoraphobia

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Interventions

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Cognitive behavior therapy

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Paroxetine or other medication - algorithm used

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

\- primary diagnosis of Panic disorder with or without Agoraphobia (all levels of agoraphobia are included).

Exclusion Criteria

* current substance abuse or dependence,
* current active suicidal potential;
* any history of psychosis, bipolar disorder (I or II) or cyclothymia;
* pending application or existing medical disability claim;
* significant cognitive impairment,
* current uncontrolled general medical illness requiring intervention,
* psychotherapy directed at anxiety or panic which will not be discontinued by the first treatment visit, and daily use of 2mg of Xanax or equivalent.


* hypersensitivity to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI),
* pregnancy, lactation, or planned pregnancy during the course of the study,
* contemporaneous medication that may interfere or interact with paroxetine,
* prior treatment with therapeutic doses of paroxetine (40mg/d for 1 mo),
* concurrent treatment with antidepressants.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

New York State Psychiatric Institute

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Natalia A. Skritskaya, PhD

Co-investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Katherine H. Shear, MD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

University of Pittsburgh

David H Barlow, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Boston University Department of Psychology

Jack Gorman, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Columbia University School of Medicine

Scott Woods, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Yale University

Locations

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Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, Anxiety Disorders Research Clinic

New Haven, Connecticut, United States

Site Status

Boston University, Department of Psychology, Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Hillside Hospital Phobia Clinic

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Panic, Anxiety and Traumatic Grief Program

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Barlow DH, Gorman JM, Shear MK, Woods SW. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, imipramine, or their combination for panic disorder: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2000 May 17;283(19):2529-36. doi: 10.1001/jama.283.19.2529.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10815116 (View on PubMed)

Shear MK, Brown TA, Barlow DH, Money R, Sholomskas DE, Woods SW, Gorman JM, Papp LA. Multicenter collaborative panic disorder severity scale. Am J Psychiatry. 1997 Nov;154(11):1571-5. doi: 10.1176/ajp.154.11.1571.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9356566 (View on PubMed)

Gorman JM. A 28-year-old woman with panic disorder. JAMA. 2001 Jul 25;286(4):450-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.286.4.450. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11466124 (View on PubMed)

Grilo CM, Money R, Barlow DH, Goddard AW, Gorman JM, Hofmann SG, Papp LA, Shear MK, Woods SW. Pretreatment patient factors predicting attrition from a multicenter randomized controlled treatment study for panic disorder. Compr Psychiatry. 1998 Nov-Dec;39(6):323-32. doi: 10.1016/s0010-440x(98)90043-8.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9829138 (View on PubMed)

Huppert JD, Bufka LF, Barlow DH, Gorman JM, Shear MK, Woods SW. Therapists, therapist variables, and cognitive-behavioral therapy outcome in a multicenter trial for panic disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2001 Oct;69(5):747-55. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.69.5.747.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11680551 (View on PubMed)

Hofmann SG, Barlow DH, Papp LA, Detweiler MF, Ray SE, Shear MK, Woods SW, Gorman JM. Pretreatment attrition in a comparative treatment outcome study on panic disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1998 Jan;155(1):43-7. doi: 10.1176/ajp.155.1.43.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9433337 (View on PubMed)

Payne LA, White KS, Gallagher MW, Woods SW, Shear MK, Gorman JM, Farchione TJ, Barlow DH. SECOND-STAGE TREATMENTS FOR RELATIVE NONRESPONDERS TO COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY (CBT) FOR PANIC DISORDER WITH OR WITHOUT AGORAPHOBIA-CONTINUED CBT VERSUS SSRI: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL. Depress Anxiety. 2016 May;33(5):392-9. doi: 10.1002/da.22457. Epub 2015 Dec 10.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 26663632 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

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http://www.bu.edu/anxiety/

Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders \[Boston Study Site\]

http://info.med.yale.edu/yfp/new/anxiety.html

Yale Anxiety Disorders Research Clinic \[New Haven Study site\]

Other Identifiers

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R01MH045964

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

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R01MH045965

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

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R01MH045966

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

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R01MH045963

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

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DSIR AT-CT

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

R01MH045964

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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