Early Introduction and Sustained Ingestion (EISI) Using Two Educational Opportunities in Infants

NCT ID: NCT07321522

Last Updated: 2026-01-07

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

92 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2026-02-28

Study Completion Date

2028-02-29

Brief Summary

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The objective of the study is to see whether early feeding of potentially allergic foods can be increased with educational materials alone or with educational materials and additional in-person support opportunities. This study will help guide what types of support pediatricians and allergists give to new parents.

Detailed Description

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This 6 month study will randomly assign caretaker/child dyads into two groups; 50% will be assigned to the intervention group, the other 50% to the standard-of-care group. Using the foods of each families home and culture, participants in the standard-of-care group will be instructed through 3 packets metered one month apart of scientifically supported written, audio and video materials that are widely available to the general public. The intervention group will receive the same educational materials at the same time points as the standard-of-care group. The intervention group will additionally have in-person or live-stream video opportunities instructing further about the same materials and ask questions of the research team. The intervention group will additionally have one and up to two opportunities to feed their infant in the clinical research unit one of the top 9 known US allergenic foods (Top 9) with the feeding staffed with emergency response personnel and supportive clinical care. Both groups will complete the same quiz following each educational set of materials to evaluate the helpfulness and understanding of each. Both groups will record the intake of the Top 9 for the first 3 months. Both groups will record the intake of the Top 9, fruit/vegetable, whole grains, legumes, seeds and ultra processed food intake for the second 3 months of the study. Both groups will undergo a blood draw on the infant at the first and last visits. Both groups will complete a pre and post study questionnaire.

The standard-of-care group will be offered the opportunity to return to the clinic to feed a Top 9 food when their enrollment is fully completed.

Conditions

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Food Allergy

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Standard of Care

The participants will be provided with three sets of educational materials to learn about early introduction of food allergens.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Enhanced Educational Opportunities

The participants will be provided with three sets of educational materials to learn about early introduction of food allergens, as well as 3 in-person monthly teaching sessions (up to 3 months), lasting 30 minutes to enhance the information and allow for questions. This arm will also have one to two in-clinic feedings of any of the top 9 most allergenic foods. The oral feeding portion will add an additional 1 to 2 hours at the one of the 3 visits.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Educational Sessions and Opportunities on Early Introduction and Sustained Ingestion

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

The participant will attend three in person sessions on the basics of food allergy, food allergy reactions, feeding safety and readiness, fiber, ultra processed foods, diet diversity, and advancing food textures in the infant diet. The educational sessions will last 20 - 30 minutes every month for three months.

In person feeding session

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will attend an in-person feeding of a known top 9 food allergen (hen's egg, cow's milk, peanut, tree nuts, soy, wheat, fin fish, shellfish, and sesame) to the infant at least one time, and up to two times. The clinic feeding will last 1 - 2 hours.

Interventions

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Educational Sessions and Opportunities on Early Introduction and Sustained Ingestion

The participant will attend three in person sessions on the basics of food allergy, food allergy reactions, feeding safety and readiness, fiber, ultra processed foods, diet diversity, and advancing food textures in the infant diet. The educational sessions will last 20 - 30 minutes every month for three months.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In person feeding session

Participants will attend an in-person feeding of a known top 9 food allergen (hen's egg, cow's milk, peanut, tree nuts, soy, wheat, fin fish, shellfish, and sesame) to the infant at least one time, and up to two times. The clinic feeding will last 1 - 2 hours.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Born term (37 weeks - 41 weeks gestation)
* Infants with or without a family history of allergic disease
* Infants with or without mild to moderate eczema
* Infants who have not yet started consuming T9 foods (excluding cow's milk or soy if it is in their infant formula)
* Parent or caregiver ≥ 18 years of age
* Agree to infant blood draw (two)
* Agree to participate in the 6 month research study

Exclusion Criteria

* Infants with a physician confirmed food allergy
* Infants who do not eat fully by an oral route such as tube-fed or tube-supplemented babies
* Infants with developmental delay
* Infants with severe eczema
* Infants who are already consuming Top 9 known allergenic foods
* Infants participating in another study looking at diet, oral immunotherapy or the use of a biological agent
Minimum Eligible Age

4 Months

Maximum Eligible Age

11 Months

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Stanford University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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R. Sharon Chinthrajah

Professor of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Sharon Chinthrajah, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Stanford University

Locations

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Stanford University

Stanford, California, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Warren CM, Aktas ON, Manalo LJ, Bartell TR, Gupta RS. The epidemiology of multifood allergy in the United States: A population-based study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2023 May;130(5):637-648.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.12.031. Epub 2022 Dec 31.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 36596337 (View on PubMed)

Gupta R, Holdford D, Bilaver L, Dyer A, Holl JL, Meltzer D. The economic impact of childhood food allergy in the United States. JAMA Pediatr. 2013 Nov;167(11):1026-31. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.2376.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24042236 (View on PubMed)

Togias A, Cooper SF, Acebal ML, Assa'ad A, Baker JR Jr, Beck LA, Block J, Byrd-Bredbenner C, Chan ES, Eichenfield LF, Fleischer DM, Fuchs GJ 3rd, Furuta GT, Greenhawt MJ, Gupta RS, Habich M, Jones SM, Keaton K, Muraro A, Plaut M, Rosenwasser LJ, Rotrosen D, Sampson HA, Schneider LC, Sicherer SH, Sidbury R, Spergel J, Stukus DR, Venter C, Boyce JA. Addendum guidelines for the prevention of peanut allergy in the United States: Report of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases-sponsored expert panel. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017 Jan;139(1):29-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.10.010.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28065278 (View on PubMed)

Du Toit G, Roberts G, Sayre PH, Bahnson HT, Radulovic S, Santos AF, Brough HA, Phippard D, Basting M, Feeney M, Turcanu V, Sever ML, Gomez Lorenzo M, Plaut M, Lack G; LEAP Study Team. Randomized trial of peanut consumption in infants at risk for peanut allergy. N Engl J Med. 2015 Feb 26;372(9):803-13. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1414850. Epub 2015 Feb 23.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25705822 (View on PubMed)

Perkin MR, Logan K, Marrs T, Radulovic S, Craven J, Flohr C, Lack G; EAT Study Team. Enquiring About Tolerance (EAT) study: Feasibility of an early allergenic food introduction regimen. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 May;137(5):1477-1486.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1322. Epub 2016 Feb 17.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26896232 (View on PubMed)

Natsume O, Kabashima S, Nakazato J, Yamamoto-Hanada K, Narita M, Kondo M, Saito M, Kishino A, Takimoto T, Inoue E, Tang J, Kido H, Wong GW, Matsumoto K, Saito H, Ohya Y; PETIT Study Team. Two-step egg introduction for prevention of egg allergy in high-risk infants with eczema (PETIT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2017 Jan 21;389(10066):276-286. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31418-0. Epub 2016 Dec 9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27939035 (View on PubMed)

Venter C, Groetch M. Emerging concepts in introducing foods for food allergy prevention. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2025 May 1;28(3):263-273. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001126. Epub 2025 Mar 7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 40072493 (View on PubMed)

Berni Canani R, Carucci L, Coppola S, D'Auria E, O'Mahony L, Roth-Walter F, Vassilopolou E, Agostoni C, Agache I, Akdis C, De Giovanni Di Santa Severina F, Faketea G, Greenhawt M, Hoffman K, Hufnagel K, Meyer R, Milani GP, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Nwaru B, Padua I, Paparo L, Diego P, Reese I, Roduit C, Smith PK, Santos A, Untersmayr E, Vlieg-Boerstra B, Venter C. Ultra-processed foods, allergy outcomes and underlying mechanisms in children: An EAACI task force report. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2024 Sep;35(9):e14231. doi: 10.1111/pai.14231.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 39254357 (View on PubMed)

Boden S, Lindam A, Venter C, Ulfsdotter RL, Domellof M, West CE. Diversity of complementary diet and early food allergy risk. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2025 Jan;36(1):e70035. doi: 10.1111/pai.70035.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 39868464 (View on PubMed)

Harbottle Z, Malm Nilsson E, Venter C, Golding MA, Ekstrom S, Protudjer JLP. Parental Motivation for Introducing Babies' First Foods and Common Food Allergens. Nutrients. 2025 May 27;17(11):1812. doi: 10.3390/nu17111812.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 40507081 (View on PubMed)

Samady W, Warren C, Bilaver LA, Zaslavsky J, Jiang J, Gupta R. Early Peanut Introduction Awareness, Beliefs, and Practices Among Parents and Caregivers. Pediatrics. 2023 Aug 1;152(2):e2022059376. doi: 10.1542/peds.2022-059376.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 37476922 (View on PubMed)

Smith HG, Nimmagadda S, Gupta RS, Warren CM. Food allergen introduction practices and parent/caregiver attitudes based on family history of food allergy. Front Allergy. 2025 Mar 19;6:1562667. doi: 10.3389/falgy.2025.1562667. eCollection 2025.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 40176928 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK606120/

The Health Belief Model of Behavior Change

Other Identifiers

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81307

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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