Study Results
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Basic Information
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RECRUITING
NA
10 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2025-06-19
2026-03-31
Brief Summary
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Participants (those who have experienced a traumatic birthing experience) will complete the GTEP intervention, delivered online. They will be asked to complete outcome measures and give feedback on their experience of the group.
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Detailed Description
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This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of GTEP for reducing trauma symptoms (measured by the PCL-5 and City BiTS) for individuals following a traumatic birthing experience. Feasibility / acceptability will be evaluated using structured measures, along with open-ended qualitative questions. The facilitators of the group will also be administered these measures and asked for qualitative feedback about their experience of facilitating the group.
A secondary aim is to evaluate the efficacy of GTEP in improving parental wellbeing (measured through the CORE-10) and parent-infant bonding (measured through the PBQ) following a traumatic birthing experience
The GTEP Intervention (for use in this study):
The intervention will involve a total of 8 sessions:
* Session 1: a home visit to gain consent, determine full eligibility and complete outcome measures.
* Sessions 2 - 7: 6 online GTEP sessions, conducted via Zoom, which will happen weekly. Each session will last approximately 90 minutes.
* Session 8: A post-group follow-up, either face-to-face or over the telephone, to discuss experiences of the group, discuss any onward referrals (as required), complete final outcome measures.
Study Design:
This study will use a pre-post design, with outcome measure questionnaires (CORE-10, City BiTS, PBQ) completed at two time points (before and after the GTEP intervention). In addition, the primary outcome measure of the PCL-5, will be administered at 8 time points (i.e., during the pre-intervention home visit, before sessions 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 and during the post-intervention follow-up).
A study feasibility measure will also be administered to evaluate the feasibility of the intervention for this population. This will be administered to both client participants and the group facilitators, where appropriate. Qualitative feedback will also be gathered.
Participants:
Participants will be recruited via the Black Country Perinatal Mental Health Service (BCPMHS) who are self-reporting trauma symptoms related to a traumatic birthing experience within the last 18 months.
Data Analysis:
Data will be analysed at the University of Birmingham. Quantitative data analysis will include a pre-and-post-intervention comparison scores at both an individual (using a Reliable Change Index) and a group level (using either a bootstrapped paired samples t-test or a matched-pairs Wilcoxon). Descriptive statistics will also be used where appropriate.
Qualitative analysis may be conducted related to the feasibility questions outlined above.
Conditions
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Study Design
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NA
SINGLE_GROUP
TREATMENT
NONE
Study Groups
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GTEP
Participants will receive the GTEP intervention, delivered online.
Group Traumatic Episode Protocol (GTEP)
GTEP is a group version of the Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP), a form of EMDR.
The GTEP intervention will involve 2 sessions focusing on preparation (e.g., through grounding and emotional regulation) followed by 4 processing sessions.
Interventions
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Group Traumatic Episode Protocol (GTEP)
GTEP is a group version of the Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP), a form of EMDR.
The GTEP intervention will involve 2 sessions focusing on preparation (e.g., through grounding and emotional regulation) followed by 4 processing sessions.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Currently under the Black Country Perinatal Mental Health Service
* Experiencing self-reported trauma symptoms related to a birthing experience within the last 18 months (this includes the birth itself, the postnatal hospital stay, and/or any neonatal admissions).
* Access to technology (e.g., laptop, internet connection) to be able to access the online group.
* Access to a confidential space within their home, and childcare for their baby/any other existing children.
* Proficient levels of English Language to engage with the group.
* Ability to engage in group therapy based on clinical presentation.
* Capacity to consent to engage in the GTEP group and research study.
Exclusion Criteria
* Women/birthing people whose baby is no longer under their care.
* Severe and enduring mental health presentations (i.e., diagnosis of bipolar, psychosis and/or schizophrenia.
* Significant sensory impairment (e.g., needing a British Sign Language interpreter).
18 Years
65 Years
FEMALE
No
Sponsors
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Black Country Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
UNKNOWN
University of Birmingham
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Rachel Strachan, Study Principal Investigator
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Black Country Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
Alice Welham, Study Co-Investigator
Role: STUDY_CHAIR
University of Birmingham
Locations
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Black Country Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
Wolverhampton, , United Kingdom
Countries
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Central Contacts
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Facility Contacts
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References
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Roberts, A. K. P. (2018). The effects of the EMDR group traumatic episode protocol with cancer survivors. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 12(3), 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.12.3.105
Ertan D, Hingray C, Burlacu E, Sterle A, El-Hage W. Post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth. BMC Psychiatry. 2021 Mar 16;21(1):155. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03158-6.
Kjerulff KH, Attanasio LB, Sznajder KK, Brubaker LH. A prospective cohort study of post-traumatic stress disorder and maternal-infant bonding after first childbirth. J Psychosom Res. 2021 May;144:110424. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110424. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
Yurtsever A, Konuk E, Akyuz T, Zat Z, Tukel F, Cetinkaya M, Savran C, Shapiro E. An Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Group Intervention for Syrian Refugees With Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychol. 2018 Jun 12;9:493. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00493. eCollection 2018.
Tsouvelas, G., Chondrokouki, M., Nikolaidis, G., & Shapiro, E. (2019). A vicarious trauma preventive approach. The Group Traumatic Episode Protocol EMDR and workplace affect in professionals who work with child abuse and neglect. 2, 130-138. https://doi.org/10.26386/obrela.v2i3.123
Farrell D, Moran J, Zat Z, Miller PW, Knibbs L, Papanikolopoulos P, Prattos T, McGowan I, McLaughlin D, Barron I, Matthess C, Kiernan MD. Group early intervention eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy as a video-conference psychotherapy with frontline/emergency workers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder and moral injury-An RCT study. Front Psychol. 2023 Mar 23;14:1129912. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1129912. eCollection 2023.
Pink, J., Ghomi, M., Smart, T., & Richardson, T. (2022). Effects of EMDR Group Traumatic Episode Protocol on Burnout Within IAPT Healthcare Professionals: A Feasibility and Acceptability Study. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 16(4), 215-227. https://doi.org/10.1891/EMDR-2022-0029
Barkham, M., Bewick, B., Mullin, T., Gilbody, S., Connell, J., Cahill, J., Mellor-Clark, J., Richards, D., Unsworth, G., & Evans, C. (2013). The CORE-10: A short measure of psychological distress for routine use in the psychological therapies. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 13, 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733145.2012.729069
Brockington, I. F., Oates, J., George, S., Turner, D., Vostanis, P., Sullivan, M., Loh, C., & Murdoch, C. (2001). A Screening Questionnaire for mother-infant bonding disorders. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 3(4), 133-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s007370170010
Ayers S, Wright DB, Thornton A. Development of a Measure of Postpartum PTSD: The City Birth Trauma Scale. Front Psychiatry. 2018 Sep 18;9:409. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00409. eCollection 2018.
Blevins CA, Weathers FW, Davis MT, Witte TK, Domino JL. The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation. J Trauma Stress. 2015 Dec;28(6):489-98. doi: 10.1002/jts.22059. Epub 2015 Nov 25.
Weiner BJ, Lewis CC, Stanick C, Powell BJ, Dorsey CN, Clary AS, Boynton MH, Halko H. Psychometric assessment of three newly developed implementation outcome measures. Implement Sci. 2017 Aug 29;12(1):108. doi: 10.1186/s13012-017-0635-3.
Shapiro, E (2013). "The EMDR Group Traumatic Episode Protocol." Presentation to the EMDR Turkey Conference, Istanbul, Turkey.
Shapiro, E., & Laub, B. (2008). Early EMDR Intervention (EEI): A Summary, a Theoretical Model, and the Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP). Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 79-96. https://doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.79
Provided Documents
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Document Type: Study Protocol
Document Type: Informed Consent Form: Facilitator consent form
Document Type: Informed Consent Form: Participant consent form
Related Links
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PTSD UK
Other Identifiers
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341922
Identifier Type: OTHER
Identifier Source: secondary_id
RG_24-029
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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