Pelvic Floor Knowledge and Dysfunction in Female Athletes
NCT ID: NCT07209839
Last Updated: 2025-11-26
Study Results
Results pending
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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Recruitment Status
COMPLETED
Total Enrollment
127 participants
Study Classification
OBSERVATIONAL
Study Start Date
2025-10-03
Study Completion Date
2025-11-10
Brief Summary
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The pelvic floor is a complex structure composed of bones, connective tissue, muscles, and nerves that supports the pelvic organs and provides voluntary control and resting tone of the sphincters. Closely related to continence, sexual function, core stabilization, and posture, the pelvic floor muscles-particularly the levator ani with its type 1 and type 2 fibers-ensure both resting tone and rapid responses to sudden increases in intra-abdominal pressure. In women, pelvic floor dysfunctions (including urinary and anal incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, defecatory and sexual dysfunctions) occur especially during pregnancy, childbirth, and menopause and adversely affect quality of life. Recently, research on pelvic floor muscles and dysfunctions in female athletes has grown, with competing hypotheses suggesting that these muscles may be strong yet overloaded and weakened due to excessive training. Sports that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as running, weightlifting, and gymnastics, may stress the pelvic floor and elevate dysfunction risk. Various studies have shown high prevalences of urinary and anal incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse in athletes, alongside generally low pelvic floor awareness. However, few studies have examined the relationship between physical activity level, type, and duration with pelvic floor dysfunction and awareness together. The present study aims to investigate the effects of physical activity, demographic characteristics, and sporting experience on pelvic floor dysfunctions and pelvic floor knowledge in female athletes.
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Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Pelvic Floor
Female Athletes
Physical Activity
Demographic Data
Study Design
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Observational Model Type
COHORT
Study Time Perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Study Groups
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female athletes
No interventions assigned to this group
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Women aged 16-40 years who are literate
* Engaged in any sport, training at least 1 hour per session, at least 3 days per week
* Engaged in any sport, training at least 1 hour per session, at least 3 days per week
Exclusion Criteria
* Having cooperation problems preventing completion of the questionnaires
* History of neurological disease
* History of urogynecological surgery
* History of neurological disease
* History of urogynecological surgery
Minimum Eligible Age
16 Years
Maximum Eligible Age
40 Years
Eligible Sex
FEMALE
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Yes
Sponsors
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Berivan Beril Kılıç
OTHER
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
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Berivan Beril Kılıç
Assistant Professor
Responsibility Role
SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR
Locations
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Istanbul Faculy of Medicine-Department of Sports Medicine
Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)
Site Status
Countries
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Turkey (Türkiye)
References
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Casey EK, Temme K. Pelvic floor muscle function and urinary incontinence in the female athlete. Phys Sportsmed. 2017 Nov;45(4):399-407. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2017.1372677. Epub 2017 Sep 5.
Reference Type
RESULT
Campbell KG, Batt ME, Drummond A. Prevalence of pelvic floor dysfunction in recreational athletes: a cross-sectional survey. Int Urogynecol J. 2023 Oct;34(10):2429-2437. doi: 10.1007/s00192-023-05548-8. Epub 2023 May 10.
Reference Type
RESULT
Bø, K. Exercise and pelvic floor dysfunction in female elite athletes. Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science: The Female Athlete, 2014, 76-85.
Reference Type
RESULT
Barber MD, Kuchibhatla MN, Pieper CF, Bump RC. Psychometric evaluation of 2 comprehensive condition-specific quality of life instruments for women with pelvic floor disorders. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Dec;185(6):1388-95. doi: 10.1067/mob.2001.118659.
Reference Type
RESULT
Aoki Y, Brown HW, Brubaker L, Cornu JN, Daly JO, Cartwright R. Urinary incontinence in women. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017 Jul 6;3:17042. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.42.
Reference Type
RESULT
Verbeek M, Hayward L. Pelvic Floor Dysfunction And Its Effect On Quality Of Sexual Life. Sex Med Rev. 2019 Oct;7(4):559-564. doi: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2019.05.007. Epub 2019 Jul 24.
Reference Type
RESULT
Sun C, Hull T, Ozuner G. Risk factors and clinical characteristics of rectal prolapse in young patients. J Visc Surg. 2014 Dec;151(6):425-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2014.07.013. Epub 2014 Sep 18.
Reference Type
RESULT
Saglam M, Arikan H, Savci S, Inal-Ince D, Bosnak-Guclu M, Karabulut E, Tokgozoglu L. International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Percept Mot Skills. 2010 Aug;111(1):278-84. doi: 10.2466/06.08.PMS.111.4.278-284.
Reference Type
RESULT
Magor J, Martin R, Bird ML. Athletes' Knowledge of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction and Their Knowledge of and Engagement with Pelvic Floor Muscle Training: A Scoping Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2025 Jan 14;22(1):104. doi: 10.3390/ijerph22010104.
Reference Type
RESULT
Machin SE, Mukhopadhyay S. Pelvic organ prolapse: review of the aetiology, presentation, diagnosis and management. Menopause Int. 2011 Dec;17(4):132-6. doi: 10.1258/mi.2011.011108. Epub 2011 Nov 25.
Reference Type
RESULT
Lakhoo J, Khatri G, Elsayed RF, Chernyak V, Olpin J, Steiner A, Tammisetti VS, Sundaram KM, Arora SS. MRI of the Male Pelvic Floor. Radiographics. 2019 Nov-Dec;39(7):2003-2022. doi: 10.1148/rg.2019190064.
Reference Type
RESULT
Lai HH, Hsu EI, Teh BS, Butler EB, Boone TB. 13 years of experience with artificial urinary sphincter implantation at Baylor College of Medicine. J Urol. 2007 Mar;177(3):1021-5. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2006.10.062.
Reference Type
RESULT
High R, Thai K, Virani H, Kuehl T, Danford J. Prevalence of Pelvic Floor Disorders in Female CrossFit Athletes. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2020 Aug;26(8):498-502. doi: 10.1097/SPV.0000000000000776.
Reference Type
RESULT
Haylen BT, Maher CF, Barber MD, Camargo S, Dandolu V, Digesu A, Goldman HB, Huser M, Milani AL, Moran PA, Schaer GN, Withagen MI. An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) / International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Int Urogynecol J. 2016 Feb;27(2):165-94. doi: 10.1007/s00192-015-2932-1.
Reference Type
RESULT
Haylen BT, de Ridder D, Freeman RM, Swift SE, Berghmans B, Lee J, Monga A, Petri E, Rizk DE, Sand PK, Schaer GN; International Urogynecological Association; International Continence Society. An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010;29(1):4-20. doi: 10.1002/nau.20798.
Reference Type
RESULT
Giagio S, Salvioli S, Pillastrini P, Innocenti T. Sport and pelvic floor dysfunction in male and female athletes: A scoping review. Neurourol Urodyn. 2021 Jan;40(1):55-64. doi: 10.1002/nau.24564. Epub 2020 Nov 2.
Reference Type
RESULT
Donnelly GM, Moore IS. Sports Medicine and the Pelvic Floor. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2023 Mar 1;22(3):82-90. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000001045.
Reference Type
RESULT
Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, Pratt M, Ekelund U, Yngve A, Sallis JF, Oja P. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Aug;35(8):1381-95. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB.
Reference Type
RESULT
Toprak Celenay S, Akbayrak T, Kaya S, Ekici G, Beksac S. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20. Int Urogynecol J. 2012 Aug;23(8):1123-7. doi: 10.1007/s00192-012-1729-8. Epub 2012 Mar 29.
Reference Type
RESULT
Other Identifiers
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4
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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