Reactions to Social Media Warning Labels Among Teens and Young Adults

NCT ID: NCT07199660

Last Updated: 2025-10-31

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

1000 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-12-01

Study Completion Date

2025-12-20

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate whether social media warnings are perceived as more effective than control labels among teens and young adults, and to identify the most promising topics for social media warnings for these age groups. A secondary objective is to compare perceived message effectiveness of warnings refined using artificial intelligence (AI) vs. those not refined using AI.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

Participants will complete a within-subjects online randomized experiment in which they will view and rate messages on the risk of social media use. Participants will view messages about 9 topics: 8 warning topics and 1 control topic. The 8 warning topics include 7 potential mandatory warnings (depression and anxiety, body image, addiction, sleep, mental health harms to children, not been proven safe, and California's proposed warning) and 1 voluntary warning (similar to a message used on TikTok to encourage users to take breaks). For each topic, participants will view 1-2 messages and respond to survey items about that message. All messages will be shown in random order.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Screen Time Exposure

Keywords

Explore important study keywords that can help with search, categorization, and topic discovery.

teenagers young adults warning labels social media

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

NA

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Warning labels

Participants view 15 messages in random order: 6 warning messages about social media developed by a team of human experts (1 each about 6 different topics), 6 warning messages about social media developed by artificial intelligence (1 each about the same 6 topics as the human-developed messages), an additional 1 warning message that mirrors the language proposed by the state of California, 1 voluntary warning message developed by human experts, and 1 control message.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Human-developed negative body image warning

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will view a message about the risk of social media use contributing to negative body. The message was developed by humans without using artificial intelligence.

Voluntary warning

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will view a message suggesting user take a break from scrolling on social media. The message was developed by humans without using artificial intelligence.

Human-developed depression and anxiety warning

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will view a message about the risk of social media use contributing to depression and anxiety. The message was developed by humans without using artificial intelligence.

Human-developed addiction warning

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will view a message warning that social media can be addictive. The message was developed by humans without using artificial intelligence.

Human-developed sleep warning

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will view a message that social media use can contribute to poor sleep quality. The message was developed by humans without using artificial intelligence.

Human-developed mental health harms to young people warning

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will view a message about the risk of social media use contributing to mental health harms for some young people. The message was developed by humans without using artificial intelligence.

Human-developed warning that social media has not been proven safe

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will view a message warning that the use of social media has not been proven safe for young people. The message was developed by humans without using artificial intelligence.

Control message

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will view a message about encouraging seatbelt use while traveling in a vehicle.

California's proposed social media warning

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will view a message warning about the harms of social media use that mirrors the language the state of California has proposed for mandatory social media warnings.

Artificial-intelligence-developed depression and anxiety warning

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will view a message about the risk of social media use contributing to depression and anxiety. The message was developed using artificial intelligence.

Artificial-intelligence-developed negative body image warning

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will view a message about the risk of social media use contributing to negative body. The message was developed using artificial intelligence

Artificial-intelligence-developed addiction warning

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will view a message warning that social media can be addictive. The message was developed using artificial intelligence.

Artificial-intelligence-developed sleep warning

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will view a message that social media use can contribute to poor sleep quality. The message was developed using artificial intelligence.

Artificial-intelligence-developed mental health harms to young people warning

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will view a message about the risk of social media use contributing to mental health harms for some young people. The message was developed using artificial intelligence.

Artificial-intelligence-developed warning that social media has not been proven safe

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will view a message warning that the use of social media has not been proven safe for young people. The message was developed using artificial intelligence.

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Human-developed negative body image warning

Participants will view a message about the risk of social media use contributing to negative body. The message was developed by humans without using artificial intelligence.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Voluntary warning

Participants will view a message suggesting user take a break from scrolling on social media. The message was developed by humans without using artificial intelligence.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Human-developed depression and anxiety warning

Participants will view a message about the risk of social media use contributing to depression and anxiety. The message was developed by humans without using artificial intelligence.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Human-developed addiction warning

Participants will view a message warning that social media can be addictive. The message was developed by humans without using artificial intelligence.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Human-developed sleep warning

Participants will view a message that social media use can contribute to poor sleep quality. The message was developed by humans without using artificial intelligence.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Human-developed mental health harms to young people warning

Participants will view a message about the risk of social media use contributing to mental health harms for some young people. The message was developed by humans without using artificial intelligence.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Human-developed warning that social media has not been proven safe

Participants will view a message warning that the use of social media has not been proven safe for young people. The message was developed by humans without using artificial intelligence.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Control message

Participants will view a message about encouraging seatbelt use while traveling in a vehicle.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

California's proposed social media warning

Participants will view a message warning about the harms of social media use that mirrors the language the state of California has proposed for mandatory social media warnings.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Artificial-intelligence-developed depression and anxiety warning

Participants will view a message about the risk of social media use contributing to depression and anxiety. The message was developed using artificial intelligence.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Artificial-intelligence-developed negative body image warning

Participants will view a message about the risk of social media use contributing to negative body. The message was developed using artificial intelligence

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Artificial-intelligence-developed addiction warning

Participants will view a message warning that social media can be addictive. The message was developed using artificial intelligence.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Artificial-intelligence-developed sleep warning

Participants will view a message that social media use can contribute to poor sleep quality. The message was developed using artificial intelligence.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Artificial-intelligence-developed mental health harms to young people warning

Participants will view a message about the risk of social media use contributing to mental health harms for some young people. The message was developed using artificial intelligence.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Artificial-intelligence-developed warning that social media has not been proven safe

Participants will view a message warning that the use of social media has not been proven safe for young people. The message was developed using artificial intelligence.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* Age between 13-29 years
* Reside in the United States
* Able to complete a survey in English
* Access to the internet

Exclusion Criteria

* Younger than 13 or older than 29 years
* Reside outside of the United States
* Unable to complete a survey in English
* Lacks access to the internet
Minimum Eligible Age

13 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

29 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

Stanford University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Anna Grummon

Assistant Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Anna H. Grummon, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Stanford School of Medicine

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

Stanford School of Medicine

Palo Alto, California, United States

Site Status

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

United States

Central Contacts

Reach out to these primary contacts for questions about participation or study logistics.

Amanda Study Team, MPH

Role: CONTACT

Phone: 650-598-2672

Email: [email protected]

Provided Documents

Download supplemental materials such as informed consent forms, study protocols, or participant manuals.

Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

81445

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id