Study Results
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Basic Information
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NOT_YET_RECRUITING
110 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2025-10-01
2026-12-01
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Typically the diagnosis of T1DM is made in childhood or adolescence,but about 40% of affected individuals are diagnosed in adulthood.
Hyperglycemia-related complications can contribute to impairment of endocrine axes, such as the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis .
Historically, before the introduction of insulin replacement therapy, prepubertal girls wh developed T1DM rarely showed normal sexual development, exhibiting primary amenorrhea .
Although the introduction of insulin drastically changed the natural history of T1DM, allowing restoration of the HPG physiology, menarche delay remained as a typical sign in girls with T1DM .
In addition, women with T1DM report a higher incidence of menstrual irregularities \>30%
compared with control subjects without diabetes .
Accordingly, signs and symptoms of androgen excess, such as acne and hirsutism, are more frequent in women with T1DM than in their age-matched counterparts
These interconnected abnormalities contribute to the reduced fertility observed in women with T1DM, as characterized by fewer pregnancies and live births and earlier menopause compared with women without diabetes.
Conditions
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Study Design
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COHORT
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Interventions
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Follow up of female sexual function
We follow up menstrual changes in diabetic adolescent girls to improve the outcome
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
2. Another comparable number of age matched non\_diabetic girls will be included as controls.
3/Female adolescents aged 10-18 years
Exclusion Criteria
2. Girls taking medications that may affect menstrual cycles like Use of hormonal therapy (e.g., oral contraceptive pills) within the last 6 months
3. Menstraul irregularitis prior to diagnosis of diabetes
10 Years
20 Years
FEMALE
No
Sponsors
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Assiut University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Zeinab Megahed Mohammed Shelgamy
Principal Investigator
Central Contacts
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References
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Ghitha N, Vathania N, Wiyono L, Pulungan A. Delayed menarche in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol. 2024;33(3):104-112. doi: 10.1297/cpe.2023-0058. Epub 2024 Apr 19.
Whitworth KW, Baird DD, Stene LC, Skjaerven R, Longnecker MP. Fecundability among women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Diabetologia. 2011 Mar;54(3):516-22. doi: 10.1007/s00125-010-2003-6. Epub 2010 Dec 19.
Gu YH, Yokoyama K, Mizuta K, Tsuchioka T, Kudo T, Sasaki H, Nio M, Tang J, Ohkubo T, Matsui A. Stool color card screening for early detection of biliary atresia and long-term native liver survival: a 19-year cohort study in Japan. J Pediatr. 2015 Apr;166(4):897-902.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.063. Epub 2015 Feb 11.
Samara-Boustani D, Colmenares A, Elie C, Dabbas M, Beltrand J, Caron V, Ricour C, Jacquin P, Tubiana-Rufi N, Levy-Marchal C, Delcroix C, Martin D, Benadjaoud L, Jacqz Aigrain E, Trivin C, Laborde K, Thibaud E, Robert JJ, Polak M. High prevalence of hirsutism and menstrual disorders in obese adolescent girls and adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus despite different hormonal profiles. Eur J Endocrinol. 2012 Feb;166(2):307-16. doi: 10.1530/EJE-11-0670. Epub 2011 Nov 29.
Codner E, Soto N, Merino PM. Contraception, and pregnancy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a review. Pediatr Diabetes. 2012 Feb;13(1):108-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2011.00825.x. Epub 2011 Oct 13.
Strotmeyer ES, Steenkiste AR, Foley TP Jr, Berga SL, Dorman JS. Menstrual cycle differences between women with type 1 diabetes and women without diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003 Apr;26(4):1016-21. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.4.1016.
Kjaer K, Hagen C, Sando SH, Eshoj O. Epidemiology of menarche and menstrual disturbances in an unselected group of women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus compared to controls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992 Aug;75(2):524-9. doi: 10.1210/jcem.75.2.1639955.
Green A, Hauge M, Holm NV, Rasch LL. Epidemiological studies of diabetes mellitus in Denmark. II. A prevalence study based on insulin prescriptions. Diabetologia. 1981 Apr;20(4):468-70. doi: 10.1007/BF00253409.
Trzeciak B. [Effect of diabetes mellitus on the incidence of abnormal genital bleedings in women]. Ginekol Pol. 1978 Feb;49(2):119-23. No abstract available. Polish.
Yeshaya A, Orvieto R, Dicker D, Karp M, Ben-Rafael Z. Menstrual characteristics of women suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud. 1995 Sep-Oct;40(5):269-73.
BERGQVIST N. The gonadal function in female diabetics. Acta Endocrinol Suppl (Copenh). 1954;19:1-20. No abstract available.
Arrais RF, Dib SA. The hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a mini review. Hum Reprod. 2006 Feb;21(2):327-37. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dei353. Epub 2005 Oct 20.
American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jan;44(Suppl 1):S15-S33. doi: 10.2337/dc21-S002.
Richardson SJ, Pugliese A. 100 YEARS OF INSULIN: Pancreas pathology in type 1 diabetes: an evolving story. J Endocrinol. 2021 Dec 9;252(2):R41-R57. doi: 10.1530/JOE-21-0358.
Paschou SA, Papadopoulou-Marketou N, Chrousos GP, Kanaka-Gantenbein C. On type 1 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis. Endocr Connect. 2018 Jan;7(1):R38-R46. doi: 10.1530/EC-17-0347. Epub 2017 Nov 30.
Other Identifiers
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Menses&Change in diabetic Girl
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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