The Effect of Child-centered Empowerment on Lifestyle of Leukemia Patients
NCT ID: NCT07162558
Last Updated: 2025-09-09
Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
46 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2024-09-02
2024-12-30
Brief Summary
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Does the child-centered empowerment model improve the lifestyle of children with leukemia? Can this complementary and non-invasive method be considered a viable approach for supporting pediatric care?
Participants (N = 46) aged 7-13 years were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, which received empowerment training in four dimensions (perceived threat, self-efficacy, educational participation, and evaluation), or the control group, which received routine care. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted using a validated lifestyle questionnaire measuring nutrition, sleep, physical activity, physical health, and stress.
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Detailed Description
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The Effect of Child-Centered Empowerment on the Lifestyle of Children with Leukemia
Study Purpose:
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a child-centered empowerment model in improving the lifestyle of pediatric patients with leukemia. The intervention was designed to strengthen coping abilities, promote healthier daily habits, and enhance overall well-being, in line with holistic and family-centered nursing principles. The study was conducted as a double-blind randomized clinical trial.
Sample Size Determination:
The statistical population of this study included school-aged children (7-13 years) diagnosed with leukemia and admitted to a pediatric oncology clinic in Tehran. A total of 46 eligible children who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled using purposive sampling. Participants were randomly assigned into experimental (n = 23) and control groups (n = 23).
Sample size was determined using the mean comparison formula based on a similar study (Shoghi et al., 2019), with Type I error set at 0.05 and power at 80%. The required sample size was calculated as 19 per group, which was increased to 23 per group to account for an anticipated 20% dropout rate.
To minimize bias, a double-blind design was used. The researcher responsible for data collection was unaware of group allocations, and the statistician analyzing the data processed them under masked labels (x1 and x2).
Tools of Data Collection:
A) Demographic questionnaire: Collected background information including age, gender, weight, height, knowledge of illness, and place of living.
B) Lifestyle questionnaire: A validated 38-item tool assessing five domains-nutrition, sleep, physical activity, physical health, and stress. Each item was rated on a 4-point Likert scale ("often" to "never"), with total scores ranging from 38 to 114, categorized as unfavorable (38-63), average (64-88), and favorable (89-114). Validity and reliability were confirmed in prior studies (Farahani et al., 2018).
C) Pre- and post-intervention lifestyle assessment: Completed by all participants before and one month after the intervention period.
Intervention:
Experimental Group:
Children and their families participated in a structured child-centered empowerment program consisting of five sessions (30 minutes each) delivered by a trained pediatric nursing expert. The intervention included four dimensions:
Perceived Threat: Increasing awareness of the illness, complications, and treatment process through group discussions.
Self-Efficacy: Practicing problem-solving and self-management techniques to strengthen self-belief and self-control.
Educational Participation: Children were provided with educational cards to share learned content with family members, reinforcing knowledge and responsibility.
Evaluation: Ongoing assessment of understanding and active involvement through follow-up questions after each session.
Instructional materials were also shared via social media (WhatsApp) to enhance family engagement.
Control Group:
Children in the control group received routine care only, with no empowerment training.
Implementation Phase:
The study was conducted in the pediatric oncology clinic in Tehran. After recruitment, children were randomly allocated into intervention or control groups based on admission order (even-numbered admissions to intervention, odd-numbered to control). All participants completed demographic and lifestyle questionnaires before the intervention, and lifestyle reassessment was conducted one month after program completion.
Ethics approval The research received ethical clearance from the Near East University Ethics Review Board with the approval number NUE/2023/117-1776. The initiative closely followed the ethical standards established by the Council of Ethics and was carried out in complete accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (1964).
Statistical Analysis:
All data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to check data normality. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and frequencies) were used for demographic data. Inferential statistics included:
Paired t-test to compare pre- and post-intervention scores within each group Independent t-test to compare differences between experimental and control groups Chi-square test to analyze categorical variables A significance level of P \< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
DOUBLE
To minimize bias, a double-blind approach was employed. The researcher responsible for data collection was unaware of the group assignments, and the statistician analyzing the results was also blinded to the allocation. The data were processed under masked labels (x1 and x2) to preserve objectivity.
Study Groups
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Child-Centered Empowerment
Behavioral: Child-Centered Empowerment Intervention
Participants in this group receive the child-centered empowerment program, a structured behavioral intervention designed to enhance coping skills, promote self-efficacy, and improve lifestyle in children with leukemia. The program is based on four dimensions of empowerment:
Perceived Threat: Increasing awareness of illness, its complications, and the treatment process through group discussions.
Self-Efficacy: Practicing problem-solving and self-management techniques to strengthen self-belief, self-control, and confidence in handling illness-related challenges.
Educational Participation: Children receive educational cards at the end of each session and are encouraged to share the learned content with family members to reinforce responsibility and engagement.
Evaluation: Continuous follow-up and assessment of learning after each session to ensure understanding and active participation.
Child-Centered Empowerment Intervention
Participants in this group receive the child-centered empowerment program, a structured behavioral intervention designed to enhance coping skills, promote self-efficacy, and improve lifestyle in children with leukemia. The program is based on four dimensions of empowerment:
Perceived Threat: Increasing awareness of illness, its complications, and the treatment process through group discussions.
Self-Efficacy: Practicing problem-solving and self-management techniques to strengthen self-belief, self-control, and confidence in handling illness-related challenges.
Educational Participation: Children receive educational cards at the end of each session and are encouraged to share the learned content with family members to reinforce responsibility and engagement.
Evaluation: Continuous follow-up and assessment of learning after each session to ensure understanding and active participation.
Routine Care
Participants in this group continue with their usual oncology care and do not receive any additional empowerment training. Routine medical and nursing care is delivered according to standard clinical practice without structured behavioral interventions
No interventions assigned to this group
Interventions
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Child-Centered Empowerment Intervention
Participants in this group receive the child-centered empowerment program, a structured behavioral intervention designed to enhance coping skills, promote self-efficacy, and improve lifestyle in children with leukemia. The program is based on four dimensions of empowerment:
Perceived Threat: Increasing awareness of illness, its complications, and the treatment process through group discussions.
Self-Efficacy: Practicing problem-solving and self-management techniques to strengthen self-belief, self-control, and confidence in handling illness-related challenges.
Educational Participation: Children receive educational cards at the end of each session and are encouraged to share the learned content with family members to reinforce responsibility and engagement.
Evaluation: Continuous follow-up and assessment of learning after each session to ensure understanding and active participation.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
Children and parents willing to participate in the study and provide written informed consent (parents) and assent (children).
No reported history of specific mental disorders as declared by parents.
Exclusion Criteria
Withdrawal from the study by the child or family at any time. Any condition preventing the child from completing questionnaires or participating in group discussions.
7 Years
13 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Near East University, Turkey
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Pouran Varvani Farahani
PhD in Pediatric Nursing, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Cyprus International University,
Principal Investigators
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Pouran Varvani Farahani, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Study Principal Investigator PhD in Pediatric Nursing, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Cyprus International University
Locations
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Near East University
Nicosia, KKTC (Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus), Cyprus
Countries
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Other Identifiers
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PVF2025CAM004
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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