Effects of Exercise on Adhesive Capsulitis

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

32 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-09-05

Study Completion Date

2025-11-15

Brief Summary

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Our study aims to investigate the effects of exercise training on pain, range of motion, functionality and shoulder architecture in patients with adhesive capsulitis.

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Detailed Description

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Adhesive capsulitis (AC) is a common shoulder condition characterized by a gradual increase in spontaneous pain and a limitation in glenohumeral joint range of motion. Its pathophysiology, a pathological process of capsular fibrosis following synovial inflammation, is relatively well understood, but its cause remains unknown. The literature on the treatment of frozen shoulder, whose etiology remains unknown, provides evidence of the effectiveness of conservative treatment approaches such as physiotherapy, analgesics, and steroid injections. Early treatment success is achieved through pain reduction and increased function rather than achieving full range of motion. Pain with movement is minimal in primary frozen shoulder in Stage 1, while night pain accompanied by activity pain is also observed in Stages 2 and 3. Secondary frozen shoulder presents with similar pain, primarily caused by inflammation in the shoulder joint capsule. Increasing range of motion without pain suppression is quite difficult in patients with frozen shoulder. Although heat or electrotherapy methods are accepted to have theoretically positive effects on pain in treatment, it is difficult to determine the effect of a single method on the natural course of the disease. For this reason, therapeutic methods are generally applied in addition to manual therapy and therapeutic exercises. Thermal tools and stretching exercises are frequently used in physiotherapy to maintain and regain flexibility. Ultrasonography, which is among the clinical diagnostic methods performed in patients with adhesive capsulitis, has shown increased thickness, especially in the coracohumeral ligament, followed by fibrous changes in the supraspinatus tendon and long head of the biceps. The effectiveness of exercise training combined with electrotherapy on many factors has been frequently investigated in the literature. However, a review of the literature did not find any studies on the effects of exercise training given in adhesive capsulitis on shoulder architecture. The fact that ultrasonographic examination, an indispensable part of the diagnosis and treatment process, provides objective data on the effects of exercise will increase the quality of the study. In this context, our study; The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of exercise training on pain, range of motion, functionality and shoulder architecture in patients with adhesive capsulitis.

Conditions

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Adhesive Capsulitis Exercise Ultrasonography

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Participants were divided into two groups. Two different interventions were administered to each group. One group will receive electrotherapy and exercise therapy. The other group will receive electrotherapy.

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Exercise training group

Patients in the study group will receive 15 sessions of exercise training (daily for 3 weeks). Exercise training includes programs to increase joint range of motion and mobility at the pain threshold and to restore functionality.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Exercise training

Intervention Type OTHER

In addition to electrotherapy, the patients in the study group will receive 15 sessions (45 minutes, 5 days a week, for 3 weeks) of exercise training consistent with the literature. Exercise training includes programs to increase joint range of motion and mobility at the pain threshold and to restore functionality. Following electrotherapy, upper extremity normal range of motion exercises, anterior and posterior capsule stretching exercises, pendulum exercises, wand exercises, isometric training in 3 planes, and isotonic strengthening exercises will be applied. Five exercises will be selected each day, performed under the supervision of a physiotherapist. A 2-minute rest period will be provided after each exercise, followed by a transition to the next exercise. Care will be taken to perform the exercises within the pain threshold and to ensure that the pain does not exceed a VAS score of 2.

Control group

Patients in the control group will receive 15 sessions of electrotherapy treatment (TENS, US, Hotpack)

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

electrotherapy treatment

Intervention Type OTHER

Patients in the electrotherapy group will receive 15 sessions of TENS, hotpack, and ultrasound, 45 minutes each, 5 days a week, for 3 weeks. The treatment program is planned for 20 minutes of TENS, 15 minutes of hotpack, and 10 minutes of ultrasound.

Interventions

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electrotherapy treatment

Patients in the electrotherapy group will receive 15 sessions of TENS, hotpack, and ultrasound, 45 minutes each, 5 days a week, for 3 weeks. The treatment program is planned for 20 minutes of TENS, 15 minutes of hotpack, and 10 minutes of ultrasound.

Intervention Type OTHER

Exercise training

In addition to electrotherapy, the patients in the study group will receive 15 sessions (45 minutes, 5 days a week, for 3 weeks) of exercise training consistent with the literature. Exercise training includes programs to increase joint range of motion and mobility at the pain threshold and to restore functionality. Following electrotherapy, upper extremity normal range of motion exercises, anterior and posterior capsule stretching exercises, pendulum exercises, wand exercises, isometric training in 3 planes, and isotonic strengthening exercises will be applied. Five exercises will be selected each day, performed under the supervision of a physiotherapist. A 2-minute rest period will be provided after each exercise, followed by a transition to the next exercise. Care will be taken to perform the exercises within the pain threshold and to ensure that the pain does not exceed a VAS score of 2.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis by a physician,
* Between the ages of 35-60,
* Not diagnosed with cervical disc herniation that could cause other shoulder pathologies,
* Not participating in an upper extremity-related physiotherapy program within the last 6 months,
* Volunteering individuals to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria

* Individuals who have undergone shoulder surgery consistent with any pathology,
* Individuals with a neurological history,
* Individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM)

Minimum Eligible Age

35 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No