Field and Home Exercise Program for Improving Function in Iraqi Rural Women
NCT ID: NCT07129356
Last Updated: 2025-08-19
Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
66 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2024-06-05
2024-11-07
Brief Summary
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The intervention includes two supervised group sessions per week at a local sports field and remote home-based sessions guided via pre-recorded videos shared through WhatsApp. Each session lasts 45 to 60 minutes and incorporates rest periods. The program is designed to strengthen weakened muscles, improve daily function, and promote social engagement among participants.
Rural women engaged in long-term agricultural labor are at increased risk of chronic musculoskeletal pain, particularly in the back, neck, and limbs.
What is already known on this subject:
* Rural women engaged in long-term agricultural labor are at increased risk of chronic musculoskeletal pain, particularly in the back, neck, and limbs.
* Home-based therapeutic exercises are widely used to manage pain and improve physical function.
* Community-based rehabilitation programs can support better health outcomes in underserved populations.
What this study adds:
* Introduces a culturally adapted Combined Rehabilitation Program (CRP) that blends home-based exercises with traditional games in a rural Iraqi context.
* Explores the feasibility of delivering rehabilitation through low-cost mobile technology in resource-limited environments.
* Provides a community-based model for accessible, flexible rehabilitation tailored to the needs of rural women.
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Detailed Description
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The study includes 66 women, aged around 46 years, with 18-23 years of experience in agricultural work. All participants reported ongoing muscle and joint pain in the upper and lower limbs, back, and neck, which affects their ability to carry out daily activities. Due to family and work constraints, a flexible intervention was developed that combines in-person and remote elements to ensure accessibility and adherence.
The 12-week program consists of two supervised group sessions per week held at a local field, along with home-based sessions delivered through pre-recorded videos shared via mobile applications. Each session lasts 45-60 minutes and includes walking, stretching, strengthening exercises, and simple games targeting muscle groups commonly affected by physical labor. Rest periods are integrated into each session to promote safety and participation.
Participants are assessed before and after the intervention for muscle strength, flexibility, body composition, and pain levels using standardized tools. The study design emphasizes a community-based and technology-supported approach to rehabilitation, addressing the unique challenges faced by women in rural areas with limited access to conventional services.
Conditions
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Study Design
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NA
SINGLE_GROUP
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
NONE
Study Groups
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Combined Rehabilitation Program (CRP) - Single Group
This arm received a 12-week Combined Rehabilitation Program (CRP), consisting of both in-person field exercises and remote tele-exercises. The intervention included therapeutic exercises and culturally relevant physical games tailored to improve musculoskeletal function and reduce pain. Exercises were focused on mobility, strength, and flexibility, targeting areas of muscle weakness identified during baseline assessment.
Combined Exercise
Participants engaged in a hybrid exercise program that included:
In-field sessions held twice weekly at a local sports facility (45-60 minutes per session, including rest).
Remote sessions delivered via pre-recorded videos through WhatsApp, with ongoing monitoring and feedback.
Exercises included walking, jogging, full-body stretching, and strength training targeting the trunk, limbs, and weak muscle groups (shoulders, back, knees).
The program aimed to reduce joint and muscle pain, improve strength and flexibility, and support daily functional activities.
Pre- and post-intervention assessments included muscle strength (via hand dynamometer), flexibility tests, BMI, and self-reported pain using the NRS-11 scale.
Interventions
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Combined Exercise
Participants engaged in a hybrid exercise program that included:
In-field sessions held twice weekly at a local sports facility (45-60 minutes per session, including rest).
Remote sessions delivered via pre-recorded videos through WhatsApp, with ongoing monitoring and feedback.
Exercises included walking, jogging, full-body stretching, and strength training targeting the trunk, limbs, and weak muscle groups (shoulders, back, knees).
The program aimed to reduce joint and muscle pain, improve strength and flexibility, and support daily functional activities.
Pre- and post-intervention assessments included muscle strength (via hand dynamometer), flexibility tests, BMI, and self-reported pain using the NRS-11 scale.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
18 Years
57 Years
FEMALE
No
Sponsors
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University of Mosul
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Munib Abdullah Fathi
Assistant Professor Doctorate
Principal Investigators
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Munib Fathe
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Mosul
Locations
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College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences
Mosul, Nineveh, Iraq
Countries
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References
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Mesa-Castrillon CI, Simic M, Ferreira ML, Bennell KL, Luscombe GM, Gater K, Beckenkamp PR, Michell A, Bauman A, de Luca K, Bunker S, Clavisi O, Ferreira PH. Effectiveness of an eHealth-Delivered Program to Empower People With Musculoskeletal Pain in Rural Australia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2024 Apr;76(4):570-581. doi: 10.1002/acr.25272. Epub 2024 Jan 29.
Mesa-Castrillon CI, Simic M, Ferreira ML, Hatswell K, Luscombe G, de Gregorio AM, Davis PR, Bauman A, Bunker S, Clavisi O, Knox G, Bennell KL, Ferreira PH. EHealth to empower patients with musculoskeletal pain in rural Australia (EMPoweR) a randomised clinical trial: study protocol. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021 Jan 5;22(1):11. doi: 10.1186/s12891-020-03866-2.
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Mesa-Castrillon CI, Beckenkamp PR, Ferreira M, Simic M, Davis PR, Michell A, Pappas E, Luscombe G, Noronha M, Ferreira P. Global prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in rural and urban populations. A systematic review with meta-analysis. Musculoskeletal pain in rural and urban populations. Aust J Rural Health. 2024 Oct;32(5):864-876. doi: 10.1111/ajr.13161. Epub 2024 Jul 4.
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Gonzalez-Rocha A, Mendez-Sanchez L, Ortiz-Rodriguez MA, Denova-Gutierrez E. Effect Of Exercise on Muscle Mass, Fat Mass, Bone Mass, Muscular Strength and Physical Performance in Community Dwelling Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Aging Dis. 2022 Oct 1;13(5):1421-1435. doi: 10.14336/AD.2022.0215. eCollection 2022 Oct 1.
Allworth I, Luscombe G, Ferreira P, Mesa-Castrillon C. Exploring participant satisfaction with an eHealth intervention for low back pain and knee osteoarthritis: Enhancing physiotherapy access in rural Australia. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2025 Apr;76:103252. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2024.103252. Epub 2025 Jan 9.
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Akbar KA, Try P, Viwattanakulvanid P, Kallawicha K. Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Farmers in the Southeast Asia Region: A Systematic Review. Saf Health Work. 2023 Sep;14(3):243-249. doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2023.05.001. Epub 2023 May 13.
Alonso Monteiro Bezerra M, Hellwig N, da Rocha Castelar Pinheiro G, Souza Lopes C. Prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal conditions and associated factors in Brazilian adults - National Health Survey. BMC Public Health. 2018 Feb 27;18(1):287. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5192-4.
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Hulshof CTJ, Pega F, Neupane S, Colosio C, Daams JG, Kc P, Kuijer PPFM, Mandic-Rajcevic S, Masci F, van der Molen HF, Nygard CH, Oakman J, Proper KI, Frings-Dresen MHW. The effect of occupational exposure to ergonomic risk factors on osteoarthritis of hip or knee and selected other musculoskeletal diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury. Environ Int. 2021 May;150:106349. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106349. Epub 2021 Feb 3.
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Fathe MA, Hasan MS, Karash SJ. The Effectiveness of a Rehabilitative Program on the Cervical and Lumbar Pain Relief for Rural Women. Annals of Applied Sport Science. 1 martie 2022;10(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.52547/aassjournal.985
Provided Documents
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Document Type: Study Protocol: Decision
Document Type: Study Protocol: Decision E.A.C
Document Type: Informed Consent Form: L.E.A
Study Documents
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Document Type: Individual Participant Data Set
De-identified individual participant data is available through the provided OSF link
View DocumentOther Identifiers
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The corresponding Author
Identifier Type: OTHER
Identifier Source: secondary_id
College of Physical Education
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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