Progressive Muscle Relaxation in Nursing Students: Effects on Psychological and Biopsychosocial Outcomes

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

104 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-01-01

Study Completion Date

2025-03-01

Brief Summary

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This randomized controlled trial aims to investigate the effects of progressive muscle relaxation exercises (PMRE) on depression, anxiety, stress, future attitude, and biopsychosocial responses among nursing students. The study will be conducted between June 2024 and June 2025 at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University. Data collection will take place between January and March 2025. A total of 104 students will be randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Data will be collected using the DASS-21, Future Orientation Scale, and the Biopsychosocial Response Scale for Nursing Students.

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Detailed Description

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Nursing students often face academic stress, emotional demands, and clinical responsibilities, which may lead to psychological difficulties such as depression, anxiety, stress, and concerns about their future. These problems can affect both their well-being and professional competence. Progressive muscle relaxation exercises (PMRE) are considered a beneficial method for reducing muscle tension, managing stress, and improving emotional regulation.

This randomized controlled trial is being conducted between June 2024 and June 2025 at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University. The data collection phase is scheduled from January to March 2025. A total of 104 nursing students will be randomly assigned to an experimental group (receiving PMRE) or a control group. A pretest-posttest design will be used. Measurement instruments include the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Future Orientation Scale, and the Biopsychosocial Response Scale for Nursing Students.

This study is supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), under the 2209-A University Students Research Projects Support Program.

Conditions

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Depression Anxiety Stress, Psychological Mental Health Students, Nursing Adaptation, Psychological Psychophysiologic Disorders Relaxation Therapy Progressive Relaxation Exercise Progressive Muscle Relaxation Exercise

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

This study used a two-arm, parallel assignment design. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group, which received progressive muscle relaxation exercises, or the control group, which received no intervention. A pretest-posttest design was used to assess outcomes.

Primary Study Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Outcome Assessors

Participants were blinded to their group allocation during the intervention process. The outcome assessor (statistician) was also blinded to group assignment during data analysis to reduce bias.

Study Groups

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Participants in this group received progressive relaxation exercises (PRE)

A structured progressive muscle relaxation program based on Jacobson's technique was implemented. The intervention lasted four weeks, with participants practicing three times per week in 45-minute sessions. The exercises were initially demonstrated in person by the researcher to ensure correct technique. Subsequently, participants followed pre-recorded audio instructions during each session to maintain consistency. The intervention aimed to reduce psychological symptoms and support biopsychosocial well-being in nursing students.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Progressive relaxation exercise

Intervention Type OTHER

The intervention was based on Jacobson's Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) technique. Participants in the experimental group practiced PMR three times per week for four weeks. Each session lasted approximately 45 minutes and was conducted in a quiet environment. In the first session, the researcher provided face-to-face instruction. Subsequent sessions were guided by standardized audio recordings, and the participants were followed through scheduled online video calls. The intervention aimed to reduce depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms and to promote biopsychosocial well-being in nursing students.

Control group

Participants in this group did not receive any behavioral or psychological intervention during the study period. They continued their normal academic activities without any additional support or guidance. No relaxation techniques or recordings were provided to this group. Data were collected at the same time points as the experimental group to ensure consistency in measurement.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Progressive relaxation exercise

The intervention was based on Jacobson's Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) technique. Participants in the experimental group practiced PMR three times per week for four weeks. Each session lasted approximately 45 minutes and was conducted in a quiet environment. In the first session, the researcher provided face-to-face instruction. Subsequent sessions were guided by standardized audio recordings, and the participants were followed through scheduled online video calls. The intervention aimed to reduce depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms and to promote biopsychosocial well-being in nursing students.

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

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progressive muscle relaxation progressive muscle relaxation exercises Progressive Relaxation Technique Jacobson's Progressive Muscle Relaxation Muscle Relaxation Exercise Progressive Relaxation Training Jacobson's progressive relaxation technique

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Being registered in the Department of Nursing
* Voluntary consent to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria

* Having joint or muscle pain, or any condition that may interfere with performing relaxation exercises
* Having a diagnosis of cancer or any chronic disease
* Having a psychiatric disorder that may interfere with obtaining valid results from the study (e.g., major depressive disorder, severe anxiety disorders, serious psychiatric conditions)
* Currently receiving antidepressant, anxiolytic, or similar psychiatric treatment
* Regular use of non-pharmacological methods such as yoga, psychotherapy, or similar practices

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes